食品安全与食品低温流通中的温度监控

食品的温度监控是一种有效的保证食品安全及保持冷藏链完整的手段,对冷冻冷藏食品在低温流通过程中实行温度监控是非常有必要的。目前,我国冷藏运输中的温度管理情况并不乐观,消费者获得的货物通常不能达到预计的要求。要解决这一问题,必须要借助于时间-温度指示器等来对其整个运输过程进行温度监控。本文对温度立法的必然性和前景,温度监控的重要性、原理以及在冷藏运输中的应用作了较详尽的介绍,并列举了几种国外时间-温度指示器的工作原理。     

Ultra‐long‐acting recombinant insulin for the treatment of diabetes mellitus in dogs

BackgroundFor the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM) in dogs, novel insulins with decreased injection frequency while maintaining safety and efficacy are desirable. Insulin fused with immunoglobulin‐fragment‐crystallizable (Fc) has an ultra‐long plasma half‐life because it recycles through cells, protected from proteolysis.HypothesisGlycemic control can be achieved in diabetic dogs with a recombinant fusion protein of a synthetic insulin and canine Fc (AKS‐218d) administered subcutaneously once‐weekly.AnimalsFive client‐owned dogs with naturally occurring DM.MethodsProspective clinical trial in dogs with DM that were recruited from the UC Davis Veterinary Teaching Hospital and local veterinary clinics. Dogs previously controlled using intermediate‐acting insulin q12h were transitioned to once‐weekly injections of a preliminary construct identified as AKS‐218d. The dose of AKS‐218d was titrated weekly for 8 weeks based on clinical response and continuous interstitial glucose monitoring. Clinical signs, body weight, serum fructosamine concentrations, and mean interstitial glucose concentrations (IG) over the preceding week were compared between baseline (before AKS‐218d) and during the last week of treatment. Data were compared using nonparametric paired tests.ResultsOnce‐weekly AKS‐218d, compared to baseline twice‐daily insulin therapy, resulted in no significant changes in clinical signs, median (range) body weight (+0.4 kg [−0.5‐1.1]; P = .6), fructosamine concentration (−75 mmol/L [−215 to +126]; P = .4), or mean IG (+81 mg/dL [−282 to +144]; P = .8). No adverse reactions were reported.ConclusionControl of clinical signs, body weight, and maintenance of glycemia was achieved with this once‐weekly novel insulin construct in 4 of 5 dogs.     

The use of volunteers for conducting sponge biodiversity assessments and monitoring using a morphological approach on Indo‐Pacific coral reefs

• 1. Sponges are an important component of coral reef ecosystems, but even though they are widespread with the ability to significantly influence other benthic community members they rarely feature to any great extent in current monitoring or biodiversity assessment programmes conducted by volunteer and professional groups. This exclusion is usually because of the taxonomic problems associated with sponge identification.
• 2. A potential alternative to monitoring temporal or spatial change in sponge assemblages and assessing biodiversity levels is to characterize sponges using morphologies present rather than collecting species data. Quantifying sponge biodiversity (for monitoring and biodiversity assessments) at the morphological level is less time and resource consuming than collecting species data and more suited to groups with little training and experience of sponge taxonomy or in regions where detailed taxonomic information on sponges is sparse.
• 3. This paper considers whether the same differences and similarities in sponge richness and assemblage composition can be identified using species and morphological data in response to environmental gradients at two coral reef ecosystems in south‐east Sulawesi, Indonesia, and whether volunteers can be used to reliably collect morphological information. Sponge morphologies were classified into 14 groups and different morphological assemblages were found by the author at the two sites and between depth intervals. Comparisons of sponge species and morphological composition data showed that common patterns in assemblage structuring and richness could be identified irrespective of whether morphological or species data were used. In addition, a positive linear relationship was found between sponge species and morphological richness.
• 4. The morphological data recorded by volunteer divers (n=10) were compared with that collected by the author. Although volunteers recorded fewer sponges than the author (approximately 15% less), missing mainly small encrusting specimens, similar assemblage structure could be identified from both the volunteers' and the author's data.
• 5. The results showed that the same differences in sponge assemblages between sites and depths could be identified from both species and morphological data. In addition, these morphological data could be reliably collected by volunteer divers.

Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于MODIS和NOAA/AVHRR的荒漠化遥感监测方法

土地荒漠化是中国西部最严重的生态环境问题,荒漠化遥感监测技术是掌握荒漠化发展趋势的重要手段。基于空间分辨率为1 km的NOAA/AVHRR和MODIS遥感数据,首先依据湿润指数法确定了荒漠化范围和气候分区。然后选取出了可以反映不同荒漠化特征,并且能够通过中低分辨率的NOAA/AVHRR和MODIS遥感影像反演出来的5个荒漠化遥感监测指标,通过精度评价分析,确定了最佳指标组合。由于MODIS和NOAA/AVHRR数据的影像特征存在较大差异,针对每一气候分区, 建立了分别适用于MODIS和NOAA/AVHRR数据的两套遥感指标分类体系。通过不同分类方法的比较,确定了最佳分类方法－决策树分类法。通过对中国1995年和2001年的荒漠化动态变化状况进行了分析,结果表明,本文提出的荒漠化遥感监测方法,不仅能够成功地进行大尺度的荒漠化遥感监测,而且能够取得较好的监测效果。     

绍兴市农业生态和农业气象灾害监测预警系统

通过建立基于3S技术的农业生态监测和基于自动气象站、雷达、卫星、数值预报、短信息技术的农业气象灾害监测预警系统,动态监测绍兴市耕地被侵占面积,分析水资源分布、土地利用覆盖等农业自然资源分布特征,并对农业气象灾害实现监测和预警,从而为根据当地自然资源优势,通过农业结构调整,有效地减轻气象灾害损失,促进农业可持续发展提供技术支撑。     

平行梁冲量式谷物质量流量传感器弹性元件设计

冲量式传感器具有结构简单、使用方便等优点,但容易受到基础振动的干扰。为此设计了平行梁结构冲量式谷物质量流量传感器弹性元件,对弹性元件安装端部采用了削弱设计。有限元分析表明该设计方案不仅符合应力集中原则,而且可以提高传感器抵抗振动干扰的能力。给出了传感器电桥电路,以及后续放大、电压电流变换等调理电路,使得传感器输出零点可以方便调节,降低了传感器在联合收割机上的安装要求。试验结果表明,传感器线性度误差小于0.1%,输出不受外力作用点的影响,同时具备了合适的工作频带宽度。     

基于MPEG-4的网络视频监控系统拥塞控制方法研究

有效可靠的的传输,是视频监控系统的一个重要研究课题。分析了基于MPEG-4的网络视频监控系统可以采用的拥塞控制方法,提出了一种基于RTP协议,从分组丢失率、时延、时延抖动三方面判断网络拥塞,综合考虑发送、接收和中间节点三方面影响的拥塞控制方法。     

自然状态下大实蝇成虫羽化和柑橘实蝇类害虫田间虫量监测

本实验对川东北地区自然状态下柑橘大实蝇成虫羽化监测,诱蝇球诱集方式监测大实蝇、小实蝇和南亚果实蝇在柑橘弃管园中田间虫量实验。掌握了川东北地区柑橘大实蝇成虫羽化始见日在5月10日,盛期在5月中下旬;田间成虫监测发现诱集盛期在6月中下旬,终见日在7月25日;测算了大实蝇羽化和田间成虫始盛期、高峰期、盛末期的期距分别是34、31、37天,为确定防治柑橘大实蝇最佳时期提供依据。在南充嘉陵区老石坎地区监测出主要是南亚果实蝇,橘小实蝇虫量较少。     

微卫星标记在RR-B系剑尾鱼遗传监测中的应用

采用49对微卫星引物对RR-B系剑尾鱼和红眼红体的非选育系剑尾鱼进行PCR扩增,有46个微卫星座位能获得稳定的扩增产物,7个微卫星座位能区分RR-B系与非选育群体剑尾鱼。7个微卫星座位在选育系剑尾鱼为单态纯合,而在非选育群体具有多态性,座位Msa014鉴定RRB系剑尾鱼排除概率最高,为98.75%,座位Msd003排除概率最低达到了87.50%,其余5个座位排除概率介于两者之间。为方便今后的遗传监测,对RR-B系剑尾鱼样品的7个微卫星座位进行了测序,确定了其大小和具体的微卫星结构。本实验建立了RR-B系剑尾鱼分子检测方法,为实验动物剑尾鱼的遗传监测奠定了基础。图4表3参23     

基于TM影像的黄陵县土地利用变化动态监测

以1987年和2002年两期TM影像为信息源,应用计算机自动识别分类与GIS空间分析相结合的方法,提取了黄陵县不同时期的土地利用现状信息及其动态变化。结果表明:研究区森林覆盖率高,林地占区域土地总面积的70%以上;耕地面积较小,占地比例不到7%。1987年至2002年,耕地和草地面积明显减少,园地增加突出,林地、居民点及工矿用地略有增长,其中面积变化最大的是耕地,减少111.13 km2;变化率最大的是园地,达到329.44%。