太原城市生态廊道草本植被调查及其分布格局分析

对太原市河流生态廊道和道路生态廊道的草本植被进行调查,分析其植物种类构成和分布格局,探讨城市生态廊道植物多样性及景观效益。结果表明,太原城市生态廊道草本植物有 174 种,隶属于 41 科 20 属,其中乡土植物 107 种,所占比例 61.49%;外来植物 48 种,所占比例 27.59%;入侵植物 19 种,所占比例 10.92%。相关分析表明,距离城市中心越远,调查样点草本植物多样性越高,可见城市化进程降低了城市生态廊道的植物丰富度。总体来看,道路生态廊道草本植被多样性高于河流生态廊道。不同廊道中入侵种占比的分布规律并不一致,河流生态廊道入侵种比例随着城市中心距离的增加而增加;而道路生态廊道恰恰相反,距城市中心越近,入侵种占比反而越大。     

紫锥菊提取物对小鼠骨髓细胞微核影响的试验研究

在预试验基础上,选用50只清洁级昆明小鼠随机分为5组,每组10只。紫锥菊提取物经口服灌药的剂量分别为2500、1250、625 mg/kg,另设环磷酰胺阳性对照组与0.9%生理盐水阴性对照组。于第二次给药后24 h处死小鼠,取胸骨脊髓做切片,在油镜下观察微核,计算微核率。试验结果表明,紫锥菊提取物对小鼠骨髓细胞的微核率无影响,结果为阴性。     

响应面设计试验法优化复方药茶饮料提取工艺参数

目的 优选复方药茶饮料的最佳提取工艺,为工业化生产提供依据。方法 采用福林酚法测定药茶中茶多酚的含量并作为评价工艺的指标,响应面设计试验法优选复方药茶饮料最优提取工艺参数,单因素考察提取次数。结果 药茶粉碎成20目,92℃热浸法提取2次,第1次加水量为药茶量的16倍,提取时间25 min;第2次加水量为药茶量的12倍,提取时间25 min。结论 按此工艺制备复方药茶饮料可最大限度的保存茶香,提取工艺科学、合理、可行。     

正交试验优选地锦草颗粒成型工艺

为优选地锦草颗粒成型工艺,以可溶性淀粉用量、乙醇浓度、阿司帕坦用量为考察因素,以制粒难易程度、外观、粒度、溶化性、口感及其综合评分为指标,采用L9（34）正交试验优选成型工艺。最佳成型工艺是可溶性淀粉用量为70%,乙醇浓度为75%,阿司帕坦用量为0.50%,测得临界相对湿度为65%。     

石蒜组培快繁技术研究

[目的]建立石蒜组织培养快速繁殖体系。[方法]以带基盘石蒜鳞茎为外植体,分别采用六分法和四分法将其分成等份,然后对其进行初代、继代、复壮及生根培养和大棚栽培,确定其最佳快繁体系,[结果]带基盘鳞片为石蒜属植物快速繁殖的最佳外植体;六分法切割鳞茎的综合效果较好;石蒜属植物初代培养的适宜培养基为：MS＋BA5mg／L＋NAA0．5mg／L;培养基MS＋BA6mg／L＋NAA0．4mg／L中石蒜的增殖率最高,且石蒜苗生长健壮;培养基MS＋NAA0．5mg／L中石蒜苗的生根率最高（92％）,根多且粗壮;出瓶苗在蛭石：珍珠岩=1：1的基质中成活率达85．57％。[结论]石蒜属植物的最佳初代、继代及生根培养基分别为：MS＋BA5mg／L＋NAA0．5mg／L、MS＋BA6mg／L＋NAA0．4mg／L和MS＋NAA0．5mg／L。     

美康寿系列茶的研制

研制出美康寿1、2、3号茶,成品经品质审评、成份检测、安全试验和临床观察,表明该茶保持了茶叶应有风味,不含合成物质、安全可靠、保健效果良好,长期饮用,有利于人体健康。     

Contribution of anecic earthworms to biopore formation during cultivation of perennial ley crops

Large sized biopores (diameter >2 mm) in the subsoil can be created by tap roots, which leave voids after their decay, or by the burrowing activity of anecic earthworms which may benefit from the temporary lack in tillage in perennial cropping systems. However, the interactions between root growth and earthworm activity in the process of biopore formation during perennial ley cropping are not well understood. The aim of this field study was to quantify the development of the abundance of the anecic earthworm Lumbricus terrestris and the biopore density during the cultivation of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.), chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) grown for either one, two or three years. An increased abundance of L. terrestris was already recorded after two years of continuous ley when compared with one year cultivation. The ley crop species had only minor influence on the abundance of L. terrestris. Biopore densities of both diameter classes under study (2–5 mm and >5 mm) were not significantly affected by the duration of ley cropping. In contrast, biopore densities were influenced by ley crop species. More biopores of diameter class 2–5 mm were recorded after chicory than after fescue. Lucerne cropping resulted in intermediate biopore density. Additionally, in an incubation experiment under field conditions, we quantified whether L. terrestris preferentially created new biopores or colonized abandoned, previously existing ones. After three weeks of incubation, one third of the adult individuals incubated in the experimental area created new biopores at 0.4 m soil depth. A similar percentage of individuals colonized previously existing biopores, partially widening the lumen of smaller sized biopores. The remaining individuals remained in the topsoil. Sub-adult individuals rarely formed new pores. Half of the introduced sub-adults remained in the topsoil. We conclude that in crop rotations new biopores can be generated during perennial ley cropping by taproot systems of ley crops, but that a two to three- year period without tillage is not sufficient for populations of anecic earthworms to make a marked contribution to biopore density in the subsoil. The relevance of anecic earthworms for altering physical and chemical properties of biopores during ley cropping still needs further investigation.     

Flowering of understory herbs following thinning in the western Cascades,Oregon

Thinning of young forest stands encourages development of the understory layer by increasing the levels of light and belowground resources. High-intensity thinning, with associated ground disturbance and high light levels, can lead to dominance by early seral species or by a few species of shrubs, while low-intensity thinning may not increase resource levels enough to encourage forest herbs. Changes in herb-layer abundance can be hard to detect because forest-floor herbs are often slow growing, but flowering increases rapidly in response to high resource levels. This study examined flowering of the understory herb community before and 5 years after low-intensity thinning. Flowering of 10 herb species was sampled in 62 nine-meter radius plots in six treatment units within the H.J. Andrews Experimental Forest. Thinning proved to be the most important determinant of the composition of the flowering assemblage (that is of which plants were flowering in a given plot). Old-growth species and release species (those specializing in large forest openings) showed higher numbers of flowering ramets following thinning. Release species also showed significant positive linear relationships with the plot-level degree of reduction in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) basal area (BA), while old-growth species showed no significant relationships and forest generalist species showed significant negative linear relationships with reduction in BA. Plot-level reduction in BA explained little of the variation in numbers of flowering ramets per plot for most species except for the release species Hieracium albiflorum and the forest generalist Trillium ovatum. The overall lack of strong linear relationships between herb flowering and reduction in BA makes it difficult to predict optimal thinning intensities for these species. However, the results of this study suggest that even when low-intensity thinning does not significantly change herb abundance it could still influence the ecology of the understory herb community by increasing carbon allocation to sexual reproduction.     

落花生,扁豆,黑大豆,绿豆和豇豆的生药学显微鉴定

本文记述了落花生、扁豆、黑大豆、绿豆、豇豆的显微特征,结果表明,5种药材的显微特征清楚,差异也比较明显。     

海堤防护林草本层物种多样性与土壤肥力因子的关系

[目的]分析海堤防护林草本层物种多样性与土壤肥力因子的关系。[方法]以苏北海堤6种主要防护林为研究对象,用多元逐步回归方法来研究影响海堤防护林下草本层物种多样性的土壤肥力因子。[结果]影响草本层物种多样性的主要因子为土壤pH,且呈显著负相关,对草本层物种丰富度、Simpson指数、Shannon指数的解释能力分别达到84.6%、56.1%和59.1%;其次是土壤全磷含量,与草本层物种多样性指数呈正相关,对3个物种多样性指标的解释能力分别为11.3%、32.1%和31.9%;其他入选的因子有土壤含水率、土壤有效磷含量、土壤容重和全氮含量。[结论]营造混交林后,随着土壤pH值的降低,土壤水解氮和有效磷含量有所增加,林下草本层多样性显著提高。