添加物对小鼠腔前卵泡体外培养的影响

为探讨培养添加物对小鼠腔前卵泡生长成熟的影响,在培养液中分别加入不同体积分数的犊牛血清（ＦＣＳ）,牛卵泡液或添加促性腺激素,对小鼠腔前卵泡进行了培养。结果表明,５％以上犊牛血清明显提高腔前卵泡存活率,而１０％以上犊牛血清能明显促进卵泡的生长发育,２０％以上牛卵泡液可抑制卵母细胞的体外自发成熟分裂,并能促进腔前卵泡的生长发育,在不含犊牛血清的培养液中加入促卵泡素（ＦＳＨ）,促黄体素（ＬＨ）或ＦＳＨ＋     

调控动物性状相关长链非编码RNA的研究进展

长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNA,lncRNA)是基因转录过程中产生的一类长度大于200个核苷酸(nt)的非编码RNA(non-coding RNA,ncRNA)。lncRNA的表达水平通常低于mRNA,且无高度保守序列,缺少开放阅读框,但它们具有更强的组织特异性表达模式。lncRNA可以通过与DNA、RNA(mRNA,miRNA,环状RNA)和蛋白质进行相互作用来发挥其功能,因此可作为信号分子、诱导物等来调节复杂的基因表达网络。作为一种新的调节分子,lncRNA正在成为基因表达调控中新的重要参与者,且近年研究表明,其与家畜动物性状调控密切相连。本文对lncRNA在动物肌肉生长分化、脂肪沉积、毛囊发育和繁殖方面进行了综述,旨在为lncRNA在家畜遗传育种上的应用提供依据。     

Follicular dynamics during the pre-ovulatory and subsequent first follicular wave stages affect the pregnancy outcome in Japanese Black cows

The diameters of the pre-ovulatory follicles (PF) and the largest follicle during the subsequent first follicular wave (W1LF), and plasma estradiol-17β (E₂) concentrations were monitored on Days 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 (ovulation = Day 1). Pregnancy was diagnosed on Day 30. Cows were classified into two groups according to the location of the dominant follicle ipsilateral (IG) or contralateral (CG) to the corpus luteum on Day 7. From Days 3 to 7, some follicles that had been determined as the subordinate in the previous examination exceeded the W1LF located in the opposite ovary in terms of the diameter. These were defined as switching (SW), whereas others were defined as non-switching (NSW). The diameter of PF was significantly smaller in pregnant (P) animals than in non-pregnant (NP) animals. The plasma E₂ concentration on Day 0 was significantly higher in P animals than in NP animals and tended to be higher in NSW than in SW. In addition, plasma E₂ concentrations around Days 3 to 7 tended to be higher in P animals of NSW than in NP animals of SW. The conception rates did not differ between IG and CG but were significantly higher in NSW than in SW. In the IG group, the conception rate tended to be higher in NSW than in SW.     

毛囊发育相关因子和信号通路研究进展

毛囊发育具有周期性,其发育周期受多种调控。生物体内的一些生长因子如VEGF、HSP和EGF等可以通过直接或间接的方式影响毛囊的生长发育;一些信号通路如Wnt,BMP/TGFβ等相关也对毛囊周期等生命活动具有调控作用。本文报告了与毛囊发育相关的生长因子、激素、活性蛋白以及信号通路的研究进展,并结合研究现状展望未来研究热点和应用前景。     

褪黑激素对长毛兔毛囊细胞凋亡的影响

为研究褪黑激素对皖系长毛兔毛囊细胞凋亡的影响及相关机制,选择60只皖系长毛兔,随机均分成4组,1组不埋植褪黑激素(对照),另3组每只兔按25 mg(低剂量组)、40 mg(中剂量组)和55 mg(高剂量组)分别埋植褪黑激素,饲养70 d后,进行组织病理学观察和RNA的转录组高通量测序及q PCR表达分析。结果表明:通过组织切片观察,证实55 mg褪黑激素处理能有效抑制毛囊细胞凋亡,维持细胞正常形态;通过对高剂量组和对照组测序,得到25个差异表达基因,其中有14个基因上调,11个基因下调,涉及通路包括嗜T细胞病毒感染、坏死性凋亡、甲状腺癌、铁死亡、I型糖尿病和胰岛素信号通路,其中坏死性凋亡、铁死亡通路与长毛兔毛囊凋亡相关;选取4个与凋亡相关的差异表达基因进行荧光定量验证,得到新基因MSTRG.3561表达显著上调,SLC25A5表达下调,但差异无统计学意义。     

湖羊羔皮候选基因在不同花纹间的表达与毛囊发育特性关联的研究

【目的】研究5个候选基因在不同花纹组间的表达量与毛囊各指标的相关性,进一步了解候选基因与毛囊发育特性间的关联,筛选用于后期功能验证的基因。【方法】利用荧光定量PCR技术检测5个基因在不同组别间的表达量,结合组织学与显微观测技术,分析5个基因与毛囊发育间的关联。【结果】湖羊毛囊成群分布,湖羊大花、小花、中花多以3毛囊群居多,直径较大的为中心初级毛囊,直径相对较小的为侧部初级毛囊。湖羊大花与中花、小花初级毛囊直径呈极显著差异（P＜0.01）,小花与中花初级毛囊直径差异不显著（P＞0.05）。中花次级毛囊直径与大花、小花次级毛囊直径呈极显著差异（P＜0.01）,但小花次级毛囊直径与大花次级毛囊直径差异不显著（P＞0.05）。初级毛囊数大花、中花、小花间差异均不显著（P＞0.05）,但相同视野中大花初级毛囊数多于中花、小花。中花次级毛囊数与大花、小花次级毛囊数呈极显著差异（P＜0.01）,但大花、小花次级毛囊数差异不显著（P＞0.05）;MMP2基因在中花皮肤组织中的表达量与大花、小花分别呈极显著差异（P＜0.01）,在大花皮肤组织中的表达量与小花差异不显著（P＞0.05）;BMP7基因在大花皮肤组织中的表达量与小花呈显著差异（P ＜0.05）,在中花皮肤组织中的表达量与大花、小花分别差异不显著（P＞0.05）;SFXN1基因在小花皮肤中的表达量与大花、中花分别呈显著差异（P＜0.05）,在大花皮肤组织中的表达量与中花差异不显著（P＞0.05）。其余基因在3组个体间差异不显著;MMP2基因相对表达量与大花次级毛囊数呈显著正相关（P＜0.05）。BMP7基因相对表达量与小花初级毛囊直径呈显著正相关（P＜0.05）,与小花次级毛囊数呈极显著正相关（P＜0.01）,与中花初级毛囊直径、次级毛囊数呈显著负相关（P＜0.05）;SFXN1基因相对表达量与大花初级毛囊呈显著负相关（P＜0.05）,与小花初级毛囊直径、小花次级毛囊直径分别呈显著正相关及极显著正相关,与中花初级毛囊直径呈极显著负相关。在BMP7基因表达量相同情况下,小花初级毛囊直径比中花初级毛囊直径大,小花次级毛囊数比中花次级毛囊数多,这与切片结果相符。MMP2基因在表达量相同情况下大花毛囊数多于小花,中花最少,这与切片结果一致。此外,在SFXN1基因表达量相同情况下,小花毛囊直径最大,大花次之,中花最小,这虽与切片结果不相符,但大花、小花次级毛囊数相差很小,总体来说趋势相同,结果基本相符。其余基因虽与毛囊相关指标存在关联,但在大中小花组表达差异不显著,【结论】BMP7、MMP2、SFXN1三个基因可作为湖羊早期羔皮选育的重要候选基因。     

籽鹅促卵泡激素β亚基cDNA的分子克隆与序列分析

从新屠宰的雌性籽鹅脑垂体中提取总RNA,经RT-PCR法扩增目的片段,获得长为396 bp的籽鹅促卵泡激素β亚基cDNA片段。将扩增的片段与pMD18-T载体连接,并转化至DH5α感受态细胞中。随机挑选阳性重组子进行鉴定、测序,将测序结果与绵羊、水牛、鸡、鸭等多种哺乳动物和禽类该基因序列及相应氨基酸序列进行同源性分析。结果显示,籽鹅促卵泡激素β亚基基因序列和其它动物一样,都有较高的保守性。其中与鸭的同源性最高,核苷酸同源性为97.0%,氨基酸同源性为100%。总体来看,在各种动物中FSHβ亚基基因同源性是很高的。     

Effects of field bean (Vicia faba L. var. minor) dietary supplementation on plasma thyroid hormones, insulin, insulin-like growth factor-1 concentrations and mohair characteristics in growing Angora goat kids

Twenty-two Angora kids were used to study the effect of a dietary supplementation with field bean (Vicia faba L. var. minor) on hair follicle activity, mohair characteristics and plasma total thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), insulin (INS) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) concentrations. At birth, their mothers were divided in two groups (S: supplemented, C: control), the S group being supplemented with 300 g/head/day of whole field bean. At weaning, diet of kids from S group was supplemented with 80 g/head/day of whole field bean. At weaning, secondary hair follicle activity (S: 0.91 ± 0.01, C: 0.84 ± 0.02, p < 0.01) and staple length (S: 5.82 ± 0.13 cm, C: 5.16 ± 0.14 cm, p < 0.001) were greater in the S group. At 155 days of age, secondary fibre diameter (S: 16.54 ± 0.35 μm, C: 18.09 ± 0.31 μm, p < 0.01) was higher in the C kids. Concentrations of total plasma T4 and T3 were higher (p < 0.001) in S (120 ± 12 and 4.87 ± 0.92 ng/ml respectively) than in C kids (92 ± 8 and 2.97 ± 0.77 ng/ml respectively). At weaning, T4 values were negatively correlated (p < 0.05) with the secondary fibre diameter and the T3/T4 ratio was positively correlated (p < 0.05) with the secondary to primary hair follicle ratio. At 155 days of age, both T3 and T3/T4 values were positively correlated (p < 0.01) with staple length. Plasma INS (0.11 ± 0.03 ng/ml) and total IGF-1 concentrations (232 ± 13 ng/ml) were not affected by diet. Improvements of diet quality in kids positively affected fibre diameter and length and follicle activity rate. We suggest that increased circulating thyroid hormones concentrations, but not those of INS and IGF-1, may contribute to the beneficial actions of nutritional supplementation on anatomical growth and mohair production of kids.     

内蒙古绒山羊皮肤干细胞定位的初步研究

为了确定干细胞在内蒙古绒山羊初级毛囊、次级毛囊及表皮中的位置,通过对绒山羊颈部静脉注射BrdU,每周取皮肤样本,用4%多聚甲醛固定,常规石蜡包埋,切片,免疫组织化学检测.结果发现,免疫组织化学检测在前10周内BrdU结果呈阳性,说明皮肤中存在干细胞,BrdU可用于大动物短时期的体内标记;BrdU用于大动物标记时在绒山羊体内的存留时间大约为10周;初步判断初级毛囊和次级毛囊及表皮中均存在干细胞,而且干细胞的niche可能就位于毛乳头处;用Ⅳ型胶原粘附培养初级和次级毛囊的毛乳头,其呈圆形或多边形,核大,核仁明显,细胞器少,细胞呈克隆生长,慢周期性,具有无限的增殖能力.经流式细胞术检测,初步证明为毛乳头处存在毛囊干细胞.     

辽宁绒山羊2品系皮肤毛囊结构及其活性变化规律的比较

对辽宁绒山羊常年长绒型和季节长绒型2品系进行皮肤采样,利用Sacpic染色法制备组织切片,在显微镜下观察其皮肤毛囊结构及其活性变化。结果发现:2品系毛囊结构一致。毛囊各性状呈周期性变化,初、次级毛囊深度值均在8月份最高,次年2月份下降到最低。季节型次级毛囊宽度值在4月份最低,而常年型的在2月份最低。常年型次级毛囊密度和活性均高于季节型,尤其是2~4月份差异明显。次级毛囊活性在8月份达到最高,12月份毛囊进入退行期,2~4月份进入休止期,4~8月份毛囊开始重建。常年型S/P值稍高于季节型,但只是在2月份二者差异明显。