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31.
Mammalian oocytes secrete transforming growth factor β (TGF‐β) superfamily proteins, such as growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9), bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP6) and BMP15, and fibroblast growth factors (FGFs). These oocyte‐derived paracrine factors (ODPFs) play essential roles in regulating the differentiation and function of somatic granulosa cells as well as the development of ovarian follicles. In addition to the importance of individual ODPFs, emerging evidence suggests that the interaction of ODPF signals with other intra‐follicular signals, such as estrogen, is critical for folliculogenesis. In this review, we will discuss the current understanding of the role of ODPFs in follicular development with an emphasis on their interaction with estrogen signaling in regulation of the differentiation and function of granulosa cells. 相似文献
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试验以我省名地方鸡种-宁都黄鸡成年母鸡为研究对象,每天间隔饲喂脂类染色剂SudanⅢSudanBlack,其卵泡因其脂质被染色而形成红墨相间的染色环,根据染色环圈数判断卵泡成熟前迅速生长的天然,根据染色环半径计算出卵泡第天沉积量。 相似文献
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本研究根据家兔卵巢的发育特征初步探讨了家兔卵巢卵母细胞体外发育的培养体系。采集新生或30日龄家兔卵巢在不同培养液中培养,并分析家兔卵母细胞的体外发生与成熟情况与体内正常发育的兔卵巢卵母细胞之间的差异,来筛选和优化家兔卵巢卵母细胞的体外培养体系。本试验从高糖DMEM、FSH浓度、BSA/血清等3个方面来筛选较好的培养条件,结果表明:①不添加高糖DMEM的M199培养液与添加的相比,卵巢上卵母细胞数量要多,但随着培养时间的延长,组织块上卵母细胞的形态会变得不清楚;②家兔卵巢组织在FSH浓度为50和100m IU/m l、添加血清的DMEM/F12培养液中生长较好,体外培养24d后,卵母细胞数量多,直径增加到65μm;③与添加BSA的培养液相比,添加血清的培养液中的卵巢卵母细胞生长状态较好,体外培养28d后,卵母细胞数量多,并且直径可达65μm。 相似文献
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力克斯兔被毛生物学特性研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
力克斯兔的初级毛囊、次级毛囊于胚胎的18-24天先后出现,基皮肤表皮、真皮的发生与分化于胚胎的24天已基本完成,26胎龄时,初级毛囊结构分化完全,并可见到皮脂腺,26胎龄至仔兔出生,是表皮和毛囊分化出的各组成成分的进一步生长阶段。仔兔出生以后,皮肢表皮和毛囊的结构均无明显变化,但表皮厚度稍有增加、毛囊仍继续向真皮,只是远不及胚胎期迅速。表上的增长及毛囊的生长速度,在不同部位之间无显著差异,而不同胎龄(月龄)之间存在显著或极显著的差异。力克斯兔皮肤的毛囊群结构很有规律,每一毛囊群由2-6个扇形分布的亚毛囊群组成,每一亚毛囊群中又含有5-12个分生毛囊和衍生分生毛囊。力克斯兔出生以后,其衍生分生毛囊数的增加几科与体表面积的增大呈比例,致使各月龄之间毛囊密度无显著差异,但不同部位之间,毛囊密度差异显著。力克斯兔被毛因粗毛含量少、分布均匀、直径也小, 毛纤维短、细,且粗细毛长度一致,密度大、强度大、伸度小(与新西兰白兔比较),从而构成了力克斯兔被毛具有弹性强、柔软性好、平整、美观、经久耐磨等特征。通过扫描电镜及光学显微镜对力克斯兔、新西兰白名锿安哥拉兔三个不同类型的兔种的兔毛纤维鳞片排列形态及髓腔结构的观察,发现不同类型之间,鳞片的排列形态不同,但髓腔结构的差异不明显。 相似文献
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Xavier Domingo-Roura Josep Marmi Aïnhoa Ferrando Francesc López-Giráldez Hugh A.H. Jansman 《Biological conservation》2006,128(3):425-430
The Eurasian badger (Meles meles) is included in Appendix III of the Bern Convention and protected by national laws in many European countries. Badger hair is used to manufacture luxury shaving brushes, although it is frequently argued that the hog badger (Arctonyx collaris), which in Europe is an introduced and unprotected species, is the origin of the hair used. We applied an extraction protocol to recover DNA from the unrooted hair of shaving brushes obtained from commercial companies in The Netherlands and Spain. The tested brushes originated from The Netherlands, Spain, France, Italy and the United Kingdom where the Eurasian badger is a protected species. We sequenced 191 bp of the mitochondrial DNA control region and 170 bp of the cytochrome b gene and compared the sequences obtained with Eurasian badger and hog badger reference sequences of the same mitochondrial DNA regions obtained in our laboratory and from GenBank. Sequences obtained from four shaving brushes were clearly hog badger sequences, whereas four sequences clustered with Eurasian badger sequences of both European and Asian origins. One of the shaving brushes made of Eurasian badger was produced in France, where it is legal to capture or trade the species under certain conditions. The remaining three brushes originated from The Netherlands, where it is illegal to possess, sell, transport or use for commercial purposes dead Eurasian badgers or products derived from them. 相似文献
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Carbon assimilation and allocation were studied in a tundra ecosystem in northern Scandinavia. Seasonal variation in the below-ground carbon allocation to dissolved organic carbon (DOC), coarse-, fine-, and hair roots was investigated using in situ 14C pulse-labelling, adding 2-3 MBq 14CO2 dm−2 to the above-ground vegetation. Combining the allocation data with regression models of the seasonal carbon flux made it possible to estimate a temporally explicit ecosystem carbon allocation budget.The ecosystem was a net source of CO2, losing on average 0.97 g C m−2 d−1 to the atmosphere, with little variation through the season. There was, however, significant temporal variation in partitioning of recently assimilated carbon. Allocation to below-ground compartments over 32 days following labelling increased from 18% in June to 55% in September. Above-ground allocation showed the opposite trend. Hair roots and DOC were strong sinks in the autumn. Transport of newly assimilated carbon occurred rapidly throughout the season, 14C appearing in all sampled pools within 4 h of labelling.The seasonal variation in carbon partitioning observed in this study has implications for the residence time of assimilated carbon in the ecosystem. A relatively greater allocation to rapidly decomposing pools, such as hair roots and DOC, would tend to reduce incorporation into woody tissue, increasing the overall rate of carbon cycling and decreasing ecosystem storage. The results of this study will be of value for building and validating mechanistic models of ecosystem carbon flow in tundra and subarctic ecosystems. 相似文献
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狍被毛髓质指数在保温和保护功能上的适应性变化 总被引:8,自引:1,他引:8
应用显微测微尺,对狍肩部和前肢部的和立夏被毛进行髓质指数测算,差异显著性检验表明,狍被毛的髓质指数既显著的季节性差异。也存在身体部位差异,即躯干部冬毛的髓质变得极为发达、肢体部冬毛的髓质却显著变细。 相似文献