投喂频率对刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)生长、体成分组成和能量收支的影响

在实验室条件下,对刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)在不同投喂频率条件下的生长、体成分组成和能量收支进行研究。实验设置4个投喂频率处理,分别每天投喂1(F1组)、2(F2组)、3(F3组)、4(F4组)次,共进行40 d。结果表明,F3组和F4组的刺参生长最快,其末体重均显著大于F1组和F2组(P0.05)。投喂频率越高,刺参的摄食量越大,F4组摄食量越高,为3.67 g/(d·ind),F3组和F4组刺参的摄食量均显著高于F1组和F2组(P0.05),但F3组和F4组没有显著差异(P0.05)。饵料转化率随投喂频率的增加而增加。其中,F4组的饵料转化率最高,为9.70%,而消化率却随投喂频率的增加而降低。投喂频率对刺参主要体成分组成影响不大。从各处理的能量收支方程来看,F1组和F2组的粪能占摄食能的比例显著低于F3组和F4组(P0.05),但占摄食能的比例均超过了50%,其呼吸能占摄食能的比例显著高于F3组和F4组。本研究表明,室内养殖刺参每天投喂3次最佳,排泄能和呼吸能较高可能是导致F1组生长不佳的主要原因。     

短蛸(Amphioctopus fangsiao)幼体摄食行为和不同饵料对其生长、存活的影响

为了研究短蛸(Amphioctopus fangsiao)不同生长阶段的饵料需求,本研究采用刚孵化的短蛸幼体作为实验材料,首先观察不同环境条件下短蛸幼体的摄食行为,然后通过投喂不同的饵料,对短蛸幼体的生长过程进行研究。结果显示,卤虫无节幼体密度从0.1个/ml上升至1个/ml的过程中,密度在0.1个/ml时短蛸初孵幼体摄食量高;1–2 d龄幼体和2–3 d龄幼体有较为强烈的摄食行为,因此,需要从孵化第2天开始重视短蛸幼体的饵料情况。晚上是初孵幼体的摄食活跃阶段,在室内光和黑暗条件下均表现出高摄食量。投喂混合饵料时,短蛸幼体有较高的存活率和增长率;初孵幼体(0.03 g)培育过程中,卤虫无节幼体是关键饵料;当幼体开始附底(0.1 g)时,应及时进行饵料转换,虾苗和贝肉是附底幼体的重要饵料。该研究结果对短蛸规模化苗种繁育具有重要实用价值。     

饲料维生素E含量对美国红鱼生长和非特异性免疫的影响

采用单因子实验设计方法,进行了饲料中添加维生素E对美国红鱼生长（存活率、特定生长率和饲料效率）和非特异性免疫相关指标（血清中溶菌酶活性、血清总补体活性和超氧化物岐化酶（SOD）活性）影响的研究,设计了5个不同维生素E水平（0．1、25．3、51．0、102．8和203．2mg／kg）的等氮等能饲料,对美国红鱼进行为期56d的生长实验,每个水平3个重复,每个养殖单元放养初始体重为151g左右的美国红鱼20尾。饲养实验在海水网箱（1．5m×1．0m×1．0m）中进行。结果表明,随着饲料维生素E含量增加,美国红鱼饲料效率、特定生长率和成活率显著提高,美国红鱼最佳生长性能的饲料维生素E添加量为102．8mg／kg;美国红鱼血清溶菌酶和血清总补体活性随着维生素E的添加量的增加而显著升高,并且维生素E的添加量达到最高值102．8和25．3mg／kg,随后变化不明显;美国红鱼血清SOD活性随维生素E添加量的增加而显著升高,并且含量在102．8mg／kg达到最高值,随后显著下降。综上所述,美国红鱼维生素E的适宜添加量为102．8mg／kg。     

抗生素在海链藻培养过程中作用的研究

探讨了海链藻对四种抗生素(头孢唑林钠、哌拉西林钠、盐酸林可霉素、硫酸阿米卡星)的敏感性研究。研究表明,盐酸林可霉素促进海链藻生长的最佳浓度应该为5 mg/L,哌拉西林钠促进海链藻生长的最佳浓度应该为1 mg/L,而硫酸阿米卡星、头孢唑林钠促进海链藻生长的最佳浓度则都为10 mg/L。     

文洛型温室在工厂化养鱼系统的应用

文洛型温室采用三屋脊型钢结构、屋面四层结构(外遮阳幕布、聚碳酸酯中空板、内遮阳幕布和内保温幕布)、平板式彩钢复合板围护结构等,较好地解决了以往水产温室材料和结构中存在的肥梁、胖柱、重盖等问题;温室采用湿帘风扇室温调节系统,温水井补充加热和水处理系统,较好满足引种、育种、养殖和越冬管理等方面要求,实现了全年候养鱼生产。该温室生产运行3年证明,安全可靠,在山东尚属首创。该温室应用功能和经济技术指标较好,具有很高的应用推广价值。     

Determination of growth,colour and other traits in F1 hybrid of Amphiprion percula (male) × A. ocellaris (female)

This study reported the traits values such as colour, feed conversion ratio (FCR), specific growth rate (SGR) and fluorescence capacity of F₁ hybrids of Amphiprion percula (male) and A. ocellaris (female). The hybrids exhibited significant variation in FCR (3.63 ± 0.56) and SGR (3.63% ± 0.44) compared with the pure breeds, A. percula (3.12 ± 0.42; 2.80% ± 0.42) and A. ocellaris (3.17 ± 0.43; 3.02% ± 0.19). An exponential relationship was found between FCR and SGR in both the breeds. Image analysis displayed a better colour performance of hybrid than the pure breeds. Individual body parts of the hybrid and pure breeds showed significant colour variation between each other. However, colour contrast of whole body of hybrid was found closer to A. ocellaris in hue cone and towards A. percula in saturation and brightness values. Hence, hybrid displays combination colour reflexion of both the parents. The total pigment content of hybrid (65.71 μg g^?1 ± 2.81) was found higher than A. ocellaris (62.01 μg g^?1 ± 2.29) and A. percula (56.71 μg g^?1 ± 2.56). Further, the spectroflurometric analysis revealed that the both hybrid and pure breeds having poor fluorescence on skin pigmentation. A direct positive heterosis was observed on the SGR, FCR, total pigment and spawning frequency, while negative effect was noted on total length of newly hatched larvae (TL), fertilization rate (FrR), hatching rate (HR), deformation rate (DFR) and survival rate (SR). Hence, multiple cross‐breeding programmes will help in developing high‐quality traits in successive generations.     

胆汁酸对草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)的生长性能、肌肉营养成分及消化酶活性的影响

为研究胆汁酸对草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)生长性能、肌肉营养成分及消化酶活性的影响,选取初始体重为(13.11±0.58)g的草鱼540尾,随机分成6个实验组,分别饲喂胆汁酸添加量为0、75、150、225、300、375 mg/kg的等氮等能饲料(粗蛋白含量34.56％,总能13.54 kJ/g),养殖时间为60 d.结果显示,随着胆汁酸浓度的增加,草鱼的增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)均呈先上升后下降的变化趋势,且均在胆汁酸添加量为300 mg/kg时达到最大值(分别为281.18％和2.23％/d);饲料系数(FCR)则呈先下降后上升的趋势,且在胆汁酸添加水平为225 mg/kg时达最低值(1.26).由二次回归方程可知,WGR、SGR、FCR等生产性能最优时,胆汁酸添加水平分别为222.15、265.00、242.86 mg/kg.实验鱼肌肉粗脂肪含量随胆汁酸添加量的增加而呈先下降后趋于稳定的变化趋势,粗蛋白质含量则呈先上升后降低的变化趋势.肠道各段及肝胰脏的消化酶活性均随胆汁酸添加量的增加呈先升高后下降的趋势.由此说明,适量的胆汁酸能提高草鱼生长性能,促进其脂肪代谢,降低机体脂肪沉积,改善其肌肉品质.本研究考虑到草鱼消化酶活性、肌肉品质及生长性能等因素,其饲料中胆汁酸适宜的添加量为222.15-265.00 mg/kg.     

有益微生物组合加菌糠对小白菜生长及土壤养分的影响

采用盆栽试验 ,通过测定小白菜的株高、叶片长、叶比重、叶面积和产量 ,土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量 ,研究不同有益微生物组合加菌糠对小白菜生长和土壤养分的影响。结果表明 :施用有益微生物组合加菌糠可以促进小白菜生长、增加其产量和提高土壤养分含量。其中 ,以有益微生物组合链霉菌和巨大芽孢杆菌加菌糠的效果最好。     

Insect (black soldier fly larvae) oil as a potential substitute for fish or soy oil in the fish meal-based diet of juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Alternative sources of fish oil (FO) are one of the major problems in aquaculture; therefore, the goal of the present study was to examine insect (black soldier fly larvae) oil (BSLO) as a potential replacer of fish/soy oil in juvenile rainbow trout (initial average weight of 32 ± 0.15 g) feed. Four diets were formulated wherein FO (control diet) was completely replaced with either soybean oil (SO) or BSLO, and an additional BSLO-based diet supplemented with 1.5% bile acid (BSLO + BA) were fed to the fish for 10 weeks. Growth performance of the BSLO fed group was similar (P > 0.05) to that of the FO and SO fed groups, however, the fish fed BSLO + BA diet registered the lowest growth (P < 0.05). Oil sources did not (P > 0.05) affect the major nutrient content of whole-body, however, the fatty acid composition of the muscle and liver was influenced (P < 0.05), with the highest 14:0, 16:0, and total saturated fatty acid detected in BSLO or BSLO + BA fed trout compared to the others (P < 0.001). No significant differences were observed in eicosapentaenoic acid + docosahexaenoic acid (EPA + DHA) or total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content in muscle among the groups, whereas, the highest EPA:DHA and n-3:n-6 ratios were detected in the FO group. Gene expression for fatty acid binding protein (fabp), fatty acid synthase (fas), and Δ5 desaturase in the liver was lower in FO (P < 0.05), while BSLO + BA registered the highest Δ6 expression (P = 0.006). Supplementation of BA in the BSLO diet increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities compared to the other groups (P < 0.05). In conclusion, BSLO could serve as a substitute for FO and SO in rainbow trout diet without negatively impacting growth performance, whole-body composition and nutrient retention, and modulate the expression of fatty acid metabolism-related genes in rainbow trout.     

牛早期胚胎发育影响因子研究进展

早期胚胎的死亡给畜牧业的发展带来了巨大的经济损失,本文分析了影响牛早期胚胎发育的诸多因素,阐述了黄体功能对早期胚胎发育的影响,指出生长因子和细胞因子可能是非人为因素中早期影响胚胎发育的最重要的因素。