显微注射生长激素基因导入中国对虾（Penaeus chinensis）受精卵的研究

本实验采用显微微量注射方法，交羊生长激素基因导入中轻地虾受精卵，受精卵发育到蚤状幼体第三期后采样检测。ＰＣＲ检测结果表明：７个样品共９３尾幼体，有３个样品呈出阳性信号，基因转移比率至少在３％以上。同时斑点杂交结果也证明有两个明显阳性斑点。     

水流和光照条件对舌状蜈蚣藻Grateloupia livida (Harv)Yamad果孢子萌发生长的影响

在不同水流和不同光照条件下,分别对舌状蜈蚣藻Grateloupia livida (Harv)Yamad果孢子萌发情况展开研究,以期为其苗种生产奠定基础。舌状蜈蚣藻果孢子在附着1 d、15 d后,置于不同水流速度(0、1、1.5、4、7、10、14 cm/s;1.5 cm/s流速由充气控制,其他流速由流水装置控制)培养20 d;舌状蜈蚣藻果孢子附着1 d后,在不同光照周期(6L∶18D、8L∶16D、10L∶14D、12L∶12D、14L∶10D、16L∶8D)和不同光照强度(35、85、135 µmol photons/m2·s)交叉条件下培养70 d。结果显示,附着1 d的果孢子萌发体在静止条件下的萌发生长明显优于其他水流速度下的(P<0.05);附着15 d的果孢子萌发体在1.5 cm/s流速下的萌发生长最好(P<0.05),在静止条件下的萌发生长明显慢于其他流速下的各组(P<0.05)。光照周期和光照强度对果孢子萌发生长的影响显著(P<0.05),这二者对盘状体和孢苗生长的影响具有交互作用(P<0.05),对盘状体萌发出直立体的影响没有交互作用(P>0.05)。光照时间为8–10 h,盘状体萌发直立体的百分率以及孢苗的高度明显高于其他光照时间下的各组。光照强度为35 µmol photons/m2·s时,盘状体萌发直立体的百分率以及孢苗的高度明显比其他光照强度下的高。研究表明,在舌状蜈蚣藻育苗生产中,可采取孢子刚附着时静水培养,附苗后15 d充气培养,并控制光照时间为8–10 h和光照强度为35 µmol photons/ m2·s。     

温度影响三角褐指藻生长和脂肪酸组成的初步探讨

实验对指数生长期、指数生长末期、静止期和衰亡期的三角褐指藻脂肪酸进行研究,发现在指数生长末期二十碳五烯酸(Eicosapentaenoic acid,EPA)含量最高。实时定量PCR分析三角褐指藻Δ5脂肪酸去饱和酶基因在不同生长时期的表达变化水平差异显著,其中指数生长期表达量最高。为了探讨温度对微藻生长和脂肪酸组成的影响,作者在不同温度下对三角褐指藻进行了培养,并测定其生长和脂肪酸组成。结果表明,三角褐指藻的生长随着温度的升高到达指数生长末期所需时间缩短;不同温度下三角褐指藻的主要脂肪酸为C14∶0、C16∶0、C16∶lΔ9、Cl8∶lΔ9、C18∶2Δ9,12、C20∶5n3(EPA),总脂肪酸随着温度的升高依次呈现先升高后降低的趋势,在15℃时EPA占总脂肪酸的百分含量达到最高值25.71%。     

饲料中添加不同水平的维生素D_3对草鱼幼鱼生长和体成分的影响

本文以酪蛋白和脱脂豆粕为蛋白源,糊精为糖源,玉米油和豆油为脂肪源的半纯化饲料为基础饲料,研究维生素D3对草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)幼鱼生长及体成分的影响。维生素D3共设0,100,200,500,1000,2000,3000 IU/kg 7个添加梯度,每一梯度设3个重复,每个重复放养60尾初始体质量(3.86±0.34)g的草鱼,在(26.9±3)℃的流水系统中养殖8周。结果显示:维生素D3对草鱼幼鱼增重率、特定生长率、饲料系数、存活率、体水分、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪含量和血清钙浓度没有显著性影响(P>0.05);对照组和添加100 IU/kg维生素D3的试验组中,草鱼幼鱼的粗灰分显著低于其它试验组(P<0.05);与对照组相比,饲料中添加维生素D3对全鱼钙磷含量、血清磷离子浓度以及碱性磷酸酶活性影响显著(P<0.05)。根据维生素D3对全鱼钙磷含量的影响,草鱼幼鱼饲料中维生素D3适宜的添加量为1000 IU/kg。     

Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) grazing on duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza)

The aims of this experiment were (1) toquantify the ability of grass carp to processduckweed and (2) to assess indirect changes inwater chemistry and phytoplankton community,caused by grass carp feeding. Yearling grass carp sized 126 ± 7.7 mm (TL) and19.6 g in weight were kept in 9 laminate tanksof 1 m³ for 14 days. Two stockingdensities (2 and 6 fish per m³) anda control without fish were used. Standard growthrate (SGR) of grass carp fed exclusively onduckweed was 0.70% body weight (BW) d^–1and food conversion ratio (FCR) reached 2.0(average water temperature =21.1 ± 3.8 °C). Daily food intakewas 0.2 g of duckweed dry weight (DW), i.e.,1% of average BW of grass carp. SGR ofduckweed growing in 20 × 20 cm floatingenclosures, differed significantly[F(6,2) = 417.9; p = 0.002] between the twostocking densities of grass carp and thecontrol tanks (without fish). Mean SGR ofduckweed was 0.02 g g^–1 day^–1 and thehighest SGR was recorded in the control tanks.Both decrease in NH₄-N and increase inNO₂-N concentrations differedsignificantly between the treatments[F(2,2) = 45.3; p = 0.02 and F(2,2) = 19.2; p = 0.04 respectively]. Changes in other nitrogenand phosphorus components (NO₃-N, TN, TPand PO₄-P) caused by stocking of grasscarp were not significant. Biomass ofphytoplankton, dominated by filamentous algaeand blue-greens, increased proportionately tostocking density of grass carp. Althoughduckweed has a large potential for nutrientremoval, the most common pathway for thenutrients released through grass carp grazingif duckweed cover is loose is theirincorporation into phytoplankton biomass.     

Interannual differences in growth and hatch‐date distributions of early juvenile European anchovy in the Bay of Biscay: implications for recruitment

In order to understand better the recruitment variability in European anchovy in the Bay of Biscay, it is important to investigate the processes that affect survival during the early life stages. Anchovy juvenile growth trajectories and hatch‐date distributions were inferred over a 3‐year period based on otolith microstructure analysis. Otolith growth trajectories showed a characteristic shape depending on their hatch‐date timing. Earlier‐born juveniles had notably broader maximum increments than later born conspecifics, resulting in higher growth rates. This observation suggests that early hatching would be beneficial for larval and juvenile growth, and, therefore, survival. The estimated juvenile hatch‐date distributions were relatively narrow compared with the extended anchovy spawning season (March–August) in the Bay of Biscay and indicated that only individuals originated mainly from the summer months (June–August) survived until autumn. Hatch‐date distributions were markedly different among years and seemed to influence the interannual recruitment strength of anchovy. We conclude that years characterized by juvenile survivors originating from the peak spawning period (May and June) would lead to considerable recruitment success. Downwelling events during the peak spawning period seem to affect larval survival. Furthermore, size‐dependent overwinter mortality would be an additional process that regulates recruitment strength in the anchovy population in the Bay of Biscay.     

鳗鲡仔,幼鱼年龄生长的研究

辽东半岛黄海北部沿岸河口4—6月溯河的白仔鳗,全长53.5—64.5毫米,平均58.83毫米,体长频率高峰位于57.1—59.0 毫米体长组,其体长体重呈直线相关。白仔鳗与幼鳗群体的体长、体重则是指数相关,其方程为W=1.136×10~(-7) L~(3.3871)。12尾白仔鳗耳石平均日轮数为146.3,据此对其产卵期进行了推测,观察证实,在不同生态条件下生活过的幼鳗耳石的环纹有过渡带存在。     

Optimal conditions for egg storage, incubation and post-hatching growth for the freshwater turtle, Chelodina rugosa: Science in support of an indigenous enterprise

Incubation of northern snake-necked turtle (Chelodina rugosa) eggs and subsequent sale of hatchlings for the pet industry has the potential to provide culturally suitable employment for indigenous communities in northern Australia. Developmental arrest in response to egg inundation is unique to C. rugosa. Eggs can be stored under water for up to 10 weeks without appreciable impact on egg or embryo survival, allowing the transport and sale of eggs into niche markets without high levels of mortality, and permitting eggs to accumulate in diapause until there are sufficient numbers to incubate as batches. Eggs that are not inundated or inundated for short periods experience similar survival rates to eggs inundated for lengthy periods. Incubation temperature influences embryo survival and development period in C. rugosa. Embryonic survival is greatest at 26 °C, steadily declining as temperature increases to 32 °C. A similar increase in incubation temperature decreases incubation period by approximately 40 days, however almost half of this variation is attributed to the increase in incubation temperature from 26 to 28 °C. Hatchling growth in C. rugosa is characterized by two phases. There is an initial phase of relatively slow growth under the partial influence of initial egg size and incubation duration, followed by a second phase of relatively rapid growth under the partial influence of water temperature and mass at hatching. Post-hatching survival is negatively correlated with duration of egg inundation and water temperature. Evidence suggests that inundation of C. rugosa eggs for 6 weeks, incubation of embryos at 28 °C and raising hatchlings in 28 °C water will yield the best overall outcomes.     

扇贝新品系“紫海墨”F4的生长特征和生产性能分析

为考察扇贝新品系"紫海墨"的生产性能,为新品系选育效果提供依据,在同一海域养殖、相同管理模式和相同养殖周期下,对新品系"紫海墨"F4与墨西哥湾扇贝(Argopecten irradians concentricus)养殖群体的壳长、壳高、壳宽、体质量、闭壳肌质量和壳质量等7个性状及各阶段成活率进行生长特征和生产性能分析。结果表明,新品系"紫海墨"F4从10月13日养殖至翌年4月28日,壳长从1~1.5 mm长至50~60 mm的成品时,累积成活率为51.32%,显著大于墨西哥湾扇贝的29.18%(P<0.01);养殖周期内,两个养殖群体同一时期的壳长、壳高、壳宽和体质量也有极显著差异(P<0.01),新品系"紫海墨"F₄的生长速度高于墨西哥湾扇贝;经过6.5个月的养殖,新品系"紫海墨"F₄的壳长、壳高、壳宽、体质量和闭壳肌质量分别比墨西哥湾扇贝提高了19.50%、19.84%、16.23%、56.30%和20.20%。