NaCl胁迫对红厚壳幼苗生长及生理特性的影响

以红厚壳盆栽幼苗为试验材料,研究了NaCl胁迫对幼苗生长和生理特性的影响.结果表明:1.5%和2.5%浓度的NaCl胁迫时,红厚壳幼苗生长更快,叶绿素含量、CAT和SOD活性均增加;之后随着浓度的升高,红厚壳生长减缓,叶绿素含量减少,脯氨酸和丙二醛含量显著增加,CAT、SOD活性显著下降,POD活性变化不明显.红厚壳幼苗可耐3.5%的NaCl胁迫,在2.5%浓度时生长最好.     

赤霉素对非洲菊生长开花的影响研究

对非洲菊品种"洛斯"采用不同浓度的GA处理,研究其对非洲菊开花的影响。结果表明:赤霉素可使株高、叶片数、茎粗和叶绿素含量都有增长,不同浓度的赤霉素对花卉的品质影响不同,赤霉素以50 mg/L为最佳浓度处理。     

不同遮荫度对鼠尾草生长的影响

研究了不同遮荫水平(0%、50%、70%、90%)对鼠尾草生长的影响.结果表明:遮荫程度的加重,鼠尾草现蕾、开花的日期延后,开花持续的时间缩短.在开花期,随着遮荫度的增加,植株高度、花序长度、花梗长度降低,叶片长度、叶片宽增加,而整个植株、植株的地上部分及根系的鲜重和干重减少.遮荫处理的叶片数与对照处理的没有显著差异.可见,光照充足有利于鼠尾草的生长和花期的延长.     

LED灯补光对萝卜生长及光合特性的影响

为了解发光二极管(LED)补光对植物生长及光合特性的影响,选择萝卜Raphanus sativus 作为材料,将其栽种于2种LED灯补光和温室自然条件下30 d后测定其生长指标及光合特性.结果表明:与自然光相比,使用LED灯补光的萝卜在叶片数、叶片长、宽等指标上并无差异,但有利于肉质根的形成,肉质根鲜重分别增加了5.93 g/株和10.93g/株;LED灯补光使萝卜光补偿点和光饱和点升高,光合能力增强,但胞问二氧化碳浓度、蒸腾速率和气孔导度差异不明显.     

Integrated effect of transplanting date, cultivar and irrigation on yield, water saving and water productivity of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Indian Punjab: Field and simulation study

Individual effect of different field scale management interventions for water saving in rice viz. changing date of transplanting, cultivar and irrigation schedule on yield, water saving and water productivity is well documented in the literature. However, little is known about their integrated effect. To study that, field experimentation and modeling approach was used. Field experiments were conducted for 2 years (2006 and 2007) at Punjab Agricultural University Farm, Ludhiana on a deep alluvial loamy sand Typic Ustipsamment soils developed under hyper-thermic regime. Treatments included three dates of transplanting (25 May, 10 June and 25 June), two cultivars (PR 118 inbred and RH 257 hybrid) and two irrigation schedules (2-days drainage period and at soil water suction of 16 kPa). The model used was CropSyst, which has already been calibrated for growth (periodic biomass and LAI) of rice and soil water content in two independent experiments. The main findings of the field and simulation studies conducted are compared to any individual, integrated management of transplanting date, cultivar and irrigation, sustained yield (6.3-7.5 t ha⁻¹) and saved substantial amount of water in rice. For example, with two management interventions, i.e. shifting of transplanting date to lower evaporative demand (from 5 May to 25 June) concomitant with growing of short duration hybrid variety (90 days from transplanting to harvest), the total real water saving (wet saving) through reduction in evapotranspiration (ET) was 140 mm, which was almost double than managing the single, i.e. 66 mm by shifting transplanting or 71 mm by growing short duration hybrid variety. Shifting the transplanting date saved water through reduction in soil water evaporation component while growing of short duration variety through reduction in both evaporation and transpiration components of water balance. Managing irrigation water schedule based on soil water suction of 16 kPa at 15-20 cm soil depth, compared to 2-day drainage, did not save water in real (wet saving), however, it resulted into apparent water saving (dry saving). The real crop water productivity (marketable yield/ET) was more by 17% in 25th June transplanted rice than 25th May, 23% in short duration variety than long and 2% in irrigation treatment of 16 kPa soil water suction than 2-days drainage. The corresponding values for the apparent crop water productivity (marketable yield/irrigation water applied) were 16, 20 and 50%, respectively. Pooled experimental data of 2 years showed that with managing irrigation scheduling based on soil water suction of 16 kPa at 15-20 cm soil depth, though 700 mm irrigation water was saved but the associated yield was reduced by 277 kg ha⁻¹.     

Effects of hysteresis on redistribution of soil moisture and deep percolation at continuous and pulse drip irrigation

The infiltration and redistribution of soil moisture under surface drip irrigation considering hysteresis were investigated in two soils (loamy sand and silt loam) of different texture. The effect of continuous versus intermittent application of 1, 2 and 4 l/h to the soils was evaluated in terms of wetting front advance patterns and deep percolation under the root zone. For this purpose, a cylindrical flow model incorporating hysteresis in the soil water retention characteristic curve, evaporation from the soil surface, and water extraction by roots was used. The results show that, compared with continuous irrigation, pulse irrigation slightly reduces the water losses under the root zone in both cases (with and without hysteresis). Also, at the total simulation time, in both types of irrigation, hysteresis reduces significantly the water losses under the root zone. Finally, the effect of hysteresis was found to be greater at higher discharge rate (4 l/h) and consequently at higher water content at the soil surface.     

Determining reference values for stem water potential and maximum daily trunk shrinkage in young apple trees based on plant responses to water deficit

The use of plant water status indicators such as midday stem water potential (Ψ_stem) and maximum daily trunk shrinkage (MDS) in irrigation scheduling requires the definition of a reference or threshold value, beyond which irrigation is necessary. These reference values are generally obtained by comparing the seasonal variation of plant water status with the environmental conditions under non-limiting soil water availability. In the present study an alternative approach is presented based on the plant’s response to water deficit. A drought experiment was carried out on two apple cultivars (Malus domestica Borkh. ‘Mutsu’ and ‘Cox Orange’) in which both indicators (Ψ_stem and MDS) were related to several plant physiological responses. Sap flow rates, maximum net photosynthesis rates and daily radial stem growth (DRSG) (derived from continuous stem diameter variation measurements) were considered in the assessment of the approach. Depending on the chosen plant response in relationship with Ψ_stem or MDS, the obtained reference values varied between −1.04 and −1.46 MPa for Ψ_stem and between 0.17 and 0.28 mm for MDS. In both cultivars, the approach based on maximum photosynthesis rates resulted in less negative Ψ_stem values and smaller MDS values, compared to the approaches with sap flow and daily radial stem growth. In the well-irrigated apple trees, day-to-day variations in midday Ψ_stem and MDS were related to the evaporative demand. These variations were more substantial for MDS than for midday Ψ_stem.     

电子鼻技术在粮食质量检测中的应用

对消费者来说,粮食的气味也是衡量其质量的一个重要标准.电子鼻是一种新颖的仿生系统,是用于分析、检测挥发性气味的仪器.为此,综述了电子鼻在粮食质量检测中的应用,主要包括粮食霉变、虫害和储藏年限等方面的研究及其应用现状;最后,展望了电子鼻在粮食检测中的应用前景.     

柴窝堡湖高白鲑生长与移殖效应分析

2004年6月-2007年5月,采集柴窝堡湖高白鲑标本79尾,对其年龄与生长状况及高白鲑在柴窝堡湖移殖效应进行了分析。研究表明：柴窝堡湖高白鲑1龄平均逆算体长L1=11.7cm、2龄平均逆算体长L2=26.1cm;体长与体重的回归方程为W=0．013474L^309069;高白鲑在柴窝堡湖生长正常,能够形成捕捞群体,但由于柴窝堡湖现有的渔业捕捞方式,影响了高白鲑在柴窝堡湖渔业移殖效应。     

Age and growth of the largemouth perch Percichthys colhuapiensis in the Negro river, Argentine Patagonia

Largemouth perch (Percichthys colhuapiensis) represents one of the most economically important fish species in the Argentine Patagonia. However, little research has been done on the age and growth and population dynamics of this fish, though both studies are essential to properly deal with fisheries forecasts and management. As a contribution to elaborating management programmes for P. colhuapiensis, we evaluated the age and growth of this species in the Negro river via scale and whole otolith reading methods. The sample consisted of 579 specimens ranging in total length (TL) from 90 to 475 mm, captured seasonally from December 1994 to December 1995. The formation of scale annuli (end of winter) and the hyaline zone on otoliths (winter) of adult fish coincided with the beginning of the spawning season (end of winter-beginning of spring). The maximum estimated age was 11 years, which indicates that this is a relatively long-lived species. Otoliths were useful for ageing specimens 1–5 years-old, but above this age whole otoliths yielded lower age estimates than scales. Isometric growth of weight with length was found for total population, juveniles, and separate sexes (p > 0.25 in all cases). No significant differences between the length–weight relationships of sexes were observed (p > 0.10). Length at first maturity was significantly higher for males (TL₅₀ = 271 mm TL; r = 0.88) than for females (TL₅₀ = 243 mm TL; r = 0.96) (p < 0.01). Largemouth perch exhibited a consistent pattern of increase in length with age, with a period of fast growth during the first 5 years, and a slow-growing phase during the rest of his life. The growth parameters based on scale data were L∞: 462.1 mm, k = 0.23 and t₀ = −0.94 for total population, L∞: 402.3 mm, k = 0.33 and t₀ = −0.67 for males, and L∞: 548.4 mm, k = 0.15 and t₀ = −1.59 for females, whereas those based on otolith reading were L∞: 537.4 mm, k = 0.17 and t₀ = −1.0 for total population, L∞: 497.6 mm, k = 0.21 and t₀ = −0.79 for males, and L∞: 582.0 mm, k = 0.14 and t₀ = −1.53 for females. Scales are concluded to be the best structure to age P. colhuapiensis because they rendered L∞ values closer to the maximum TL observed, high precision, easiness of collection, low processing time, and the possibility of performing non-destructive monitoring studies.