贵德县常牧乡切扎村毒草危害状况调查

通过对贵德县常牧乡切扎村毒草危害状况的调查,毒草危害面积为0.63×104hm2,基本摸清了其分布情况及危害程度,并提出了防治建议,对于今后开展防治工作具有指导意义。     

商洛市平菇栽培及病虫害防治关键技术

商洛市作为我国平菇栽培的重要产区之一,拥有超过50年的平菇人工栽培历史,商洛地区平菇产业不仅在农业经济方面取得显著成就,而且深受市场和消费者喜爱。本文系统总结了近年来商洛市平菇的栽培技术及病虫害防治策略。详细介绍了商洛市平菇目前主推的栽培的季节及品种选择、栽培配方、制袋、养菌管理、出菇管理、采收等内容,分析了平菇的常见病虫害,并提出了相应的防治措施。这项研究为商洛地区平菇产业的发展壮大提供了技术支持。     

猪皮炎肾病综合征组织病理学和PCR诊断

应用病理学和PCR方法,对浙江某猪场送检的疑似猪皮炎肾病综合征（PDNS）病猪进行诊断。结果发现肾脏呈现纤维蛋白性肾小球肾炎变化,真皮及皮下血管表现为坏死性脉管炎,淋巴组织中大量淋巴细胞缺失、多核巨细胞浸润,PCR扩增产物显示猪圆环病毒2型（PCV-2）阳性。结果表明,该猪场感染了PCV-2,并表现为PDNS的病理特征。     

饲料中添加蛋白酶AG对鲤鱼鱼种生长和蛋白质消化酶活性的影响

通过2个试验研究了饲料中添加蛋白酶AG对鲤鱼生长和前肠蛋白质消化酶活性的影响.试验Ⅰ选用540尾均重11.7 g的鲤鱼,随机均分为6组,随机选取3组分别饲喂鱼粉含量为10%、15%、20%的3种等蛋白基础饲料,另外3组分别饲喂添加有175 mg/kg蛋白酶AG的以上3种饲料,试验期60 d.试验Ⅱ选取120尾均重48.7 g的鲤鱼,随机分为2组,一组饲喂鱼粉含量6%的基础饲料为对照组,另外一组饲喂添加175 mg/kg蛋白酶AG的基础饲料为试验组,试验期为30 d.试验Ⅰ结果表明:摄食10%鱼粉饲料和20%鱼粉 175 mg/kg蛋白酶AG饲料的鲤鱼分别具有最低和最高的增重率;在10%鱼粉饲料中添加蛋白酶AG显著提高了鱼体增重率(P<0.05),但在15%、20%鱼粉饲料中添加蛋白酶AG,对鱼体增重率没有显著影响.试验Ⅱ结果表明:相比于对照组,试验组鲤鱼增重率提高了6.4%(P<0.05),饲料系数降低了5.4%(P<0.05).试验Ⅰ和试验Ⅱ中,添加蛋白酶AG对鱼体肌肉水分、粗脂肪、粗蛋白质含量均无显著影响(P>0.05);对消化酶活性的测定表明,在鱼粉含量为10%、6%的基础饲料中添加蛋白酶AG,可显著提高前肠组织蛋白酶活性和食糜蛋白酶活性(P<0.05),但在鱼粉含量为15%、20%的基础饲料中添加蛋白酶AG,对前肠组织蛋白酶活性和食糜蛋白酶活性没有影响.综上所述,在鱼粉含量较低的饲料中添加蛋白酶AG,可提高鲤鱼消化道蛋白酶活性,改善生长性能.     

Utilization of Sake lees as Broiler Feedstuff and its Effects on Growth Performance and Intestinal Immunity

Increasing food loss and waste (FLW) is a global problem, and efforts are being made to use waste food as potential livestock feed material. The amount of self-supplied feed is lower in Japan than in other countries, and the government recommends FLW use for animal feed. Sake (Japanese rice wine) is a traditional alcoholic beverage. During the sake manufacturing process, large amounts of squeezed solids or “lees” (sake lees) are generated. Sake lees are nutritious and functional, but are prone to spoilage. In this study, we investigated whether sake lees should be mixed with animal feed immediately or after drying. To assess the usefulness of sake lees as a poultry feed ingredient and determine the effect of sake lees on intestinal immunity, we performed a feeding trial with three treatments: a raw sake lees (RSL) diet, dried sake lees (DSL) diet, and control diet. Three-week-old broilers were fed these diets (n=8 per group) for two weeks. We then calculated feed efficiency and performed RT-qPCR to assess the effects of diet on intestinal immunity. The growth performance in the RSL diet group was equivalent to that in the control diet group. The DSL diet became difficult for broilers to eat, resulting in decreased growth performance. In the ileum of RSL-diet broilers, the mRNA expression levels of TGF-β1 and avian β-defensin (AvBD)12 were significantly increased compared to those of control diet broilers (p<0.05), and a significant correlation was observed between the two genes (p<0.05). Our results indicated that sake lees should not be dried and should be mixed immediately with feed, and this sake lees when fed to chicken activates the intestinal immunity. However, sake lees have a lower fat content than corn, and it is thus important to combine sake lees with high-energy feed.     

列宁《论合作社》思想对中国农民合作社发展的启示

《论合作社》是列宁晚年阐述经济发展新思路的重要著作,科学阐明了列宁的合作经济理论,系统论证了合作社与社会主义的关系,明确指出了发展合作社的原则、方式与方法,对于新时代我国建立新型农业合作,大力发展合作社生产力,进而提高农民劳动积极性和市场竞争力具有重要意义。     

Changes of serum vascular endothelial growth factor levels in a rat model of acute myocardial infarction

AIM and METHODS: To study the changes of serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels in a rat model of acute myocardial infarction (MI) and its significance. Eighty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this study. MI was produced by left coronary arterial ligation in 80 animals, and eight rats undergoing thoracotomy but not coronary ligation served as controls (sham).Blood samples were drawn from the right atrium before (sham animals) and 1, 3, 6, 12, 24 hours and 2, 3, 5, 7, 14 days after MI(n=8, respectively). Serum VEGF concentrations were measured by a sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with a rabbit polyclonal antibody specific for VEGF. RESULTS: In 8 sham animals, the concentration of serum VEGF was (66.99±17.83) pg/mL. Six hours after MI, the level of serum VEGF significantly increased to (125.68±28.07)pg/mL (P＜0.01 vs sham control), and reached a peak (240.61±70.63 pg/mL, P＜0.01 vs sham control) at 24 hours after ligation and then decreased gradually over the remaining 2 weeks. But the level remained significantly elevated for 14 days (107.64±30.31 pg/mL, P＜0.01 vs sham control).CONCLUSION: Serum VEGF levels markedly and permanently increase in the rat model of acute MI may play an important role in the angiogenesis associated with MI     

西南山地玉米育种新一轮骨干自交系SCML0849的选育与应用

20世纪末,针对西南区21世纪初及可见将来对玉米品种与产业发展的迫切要求,遵循“生态育种”的基本原理,并基于前期“温带种质优良自交系是选育西南玉米强优势杂交种的最重要亲本自交系”的研究结论,定向合成了“REID种质育种用群体”。通过紧密结合常规遗传育种方法与现代分子生物学技术,集成创新了以“配合力早期测定、目标区域与高密度种植鉴定、南北穿梭鉴定选择与钝化光周期反应、区域抗病抗逆特性一票否决”为主要内容的“特定生态区域育种骨干亲本的定向培育”技术体系,提高了优良自交系的选育效率,育成了集高配合力、高抗西南地区玉米病害与多种抗逆性、高产高效等优良性状于一体的玉米优良自交系SCML0849,组配育成了以川单99为代表的一批稳产高产、高抗多抗、资源高效的玉米强优势杂交种并大面积推广应用。     

不同生态区玉米自交系苞叶与穗轴同步发育特性研究

2022-2023年在河南和海南以玉米自交系驻85、驻136、ZM3358为试验材料,研究自交系苞叶与穗轴同步发育特性。结果表明,河南苞叶驻85第1～7 d伸长迅速,速增期与ZM3358一致,低于驻136;穗轴,驻85第1～11 d急剧伸长。海南苞叶ZM3358伸长速增期为13 d,比驻85、驻136延长2～3 d;穗轴ZM3358伸长渐增期最长为19 d,显著高于驻85、驻136。河南苞叶驻85宽度持续变宽,驻136苞叶宽度第11 d开始增幅变缓,ZM3358苞叶宽度速增期最短为7 d;穗轴粗度驻136第1～17 d持续变粗,第19 d稍有下降。海南ZM3358苞叶宽度速增期为13 d,驻85、驻136苞叶宽度速增期均为9 d;驻85穗轴粗度速增期最长为19 d,苞叶与穗轴可保持同步发育特性。     

自然吸气与增压中冷柴油机气缸套应变对比

采用应变片测试技术,对自然吸气和增压中冷柴油机湿式缸套在外特性工况下工作时的周向应变进行了动态测试,拟合出缸套工作时的周向变形曲线,对比分析了不同机型湿式气缸套工作变形的特点以及主要影响因素。研究结果表明,随转速的提高,自然吸气柴油机缸套主推力面应变随之增加,逐渐呈现一种振动特性;而转速提高对增压中冷柴油机缸套周向应变影响不明显,缸套主推力面应变最大值出现在各作用力对缸套壁面作功最多的额定扭矩工况。