超甜玉米周年性生产性能及适宜播种期研究

通过 16个月的周年性生产试验表明 ,在广州地区 ,超甜玉米的最适宜播种期为 2月下旬至4月上旬和 8月中下旬 ,且春播鲜穗产量高于秋播 ;在其它时期可以播种 ,但经济产量较低 ;超甜玉米的鲜穗收获期一般是吐丝后 2 6d左右 ;用抽雄到鲜穗收获期的有效积温 (≥ 10℃ )作为超甜玉米鲜穗收获期的标准要比单纯使用持续时间更为准确、科学 ,相应的有效积温为 370℃左右 .     

诱发籼稻早、晚双向熟期突变的研究

在同一品种的辐射M_2代中,一般可同时出现早、晚双向熟期的突变,且后者的突变率高于前者分别为1.39％和2.67％。突变体提早和延迟的天数两者基本接近(11.5d对10.3d)。早晚双向突变体,由于其熟期发生了相反方向的改变,因而在一定程度上株高、每穗粒数、千粒重等农艺性状也发生了双向变异,且达到显著水平。     

西南桦种子贮藏试验

本研究设置干燥、布袋与保鲜袋包装以及系列温度处理，开展了3a西南桦种子贮藏试验。结果表明：布袋与保鲜袋处理对西南桦种子贮藏影响极不影响；在常温常规条件下，西南桦种子贮藏3个月即失去生活力，而在常温干燥条件下，西南桦种子贮藏10个月种子发芽率尚未显著下降；在15℃条件下贮藏10个月几乎丧失发芽能力，非常有趣的，西南桦种子在10、5、0℃和－5℃各温度条件下贮藏3a，效果十分理想，10℃似乎是西南桦种子低温贮藏的临界温度。本研究促进了西南桦的扩大栽培和基因资源的保存。     

Temporal patterns of seedling mortality by pine weevils (Hylobius abietis) after prescribed burning in northern Sweden

Damage by the large pine weevil, Hylobius abietis (L.), is a major threat to conifer plantations throughout Eurasia, but damage is usually less severe in northern areas. However, pine weevil damage seems to increase if the sites are burnt. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of variations in the time of planting (with respect to the total age of the clear-cut and the time since burning) on pine weevil damage to seedlings on burnt sites in northern Sweden. The study also explored whether there is an optimal time for planting at which damage levels are reduced to acceptable levels. Ten sites were selected in an inland area of northern Sweden where pine weevils are normally scarce. The sites were dry–mesic and represented a range of times since clear-cutting and since burning. The sites were planted in June 1998, 1999 and 2000 with 1-year-old container-grown seedlings of Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.]. Pine weevil damage was reduced if planting was done no earlier than 3 years after clear-cutting and no earlier than 2 years after burning. Planting too soon after burning, irrespective of the age of the clear-cut, resulted in unacceptably high damage levels.     

后林改时期农户林业生产行为动态趋势分析——以湖南省为例

在后林改时期,农户已成为我国集体林区主要林业经营主体。文中梳理了农户林业生产行为相关研究文献;以湖南省为研究区域,从林业生产过程角度揭示林改后农户造林、抚育和采伐行为动态趋势,从投入角度探讨林业资金和劳动力投入行为变化趋势,从林业产出角度分析林业收入水平和来源结构变化趋势及其与林业生产行为变化之间的关系;总结了后林改时期农户林业生产行为的基本发展趋势。     

基于APSIM模型的旱地春小麦生育期的播期和耕作效应分析

为对不同播期和耕作条件下旱地春小麦生育期进行准确预测,利用甘肃省定西市安定区凤翔镇安家沟村2015-2016年大田试验数据及研究区1971-2017年气象数据,通过穷举试错法校准APSIM模型的相关参数,再用相关性分析检验,进而基于模型模拟数据分析播期和耕作措施对旱地春小麦生育期的影响。结果表明,春小麦全生育期及各生育阶段持续天数模拟值与实测值相关系数大于0.9,均方根误差（RMSE）为0.7～3.0 d,归一化均方根误差（NRMSE）为2.34%～6.93%,说明APSIM模型精度较高。随着播期的推迟,春小麦从种子萌发阶段到器官建成阶段（播种-开花）持续天数明显减少,籽粒形成阶段（开花-成熟）播期对持续天数影响不大。不同播期下,耕作措施对春小麦生长阶段持续天数影响都不显著。     

迟播迟栽对不同类型粳稻品种机插产量及生育期的影响

以杂交稻和常规稻为试验材料,在苏南常熟、苏中兴化和苏北东海3个试验点同时开展播期试验,探讨迟播迟栽条件下机插稻稳产、增产问题。结果表明,随着播期的推迟,各试验点水稻生物产量、经济产量、经济系数、单位面积穗数、每穗粒数、群体颖花量和结实率不断下降,生育期延迟且全生育期缩短。分析发现,每穗粒数受播期影响最大,其余依次为结实率、穗数、千粒重。甬优2638依其大穗优势具有更高的产量潜力,但随着播期的推迟,其产量优势减小。甬优2638在各稻区均表现出抽穗较早、群体库容大、生物产量高等优势,具有在迟播迟栽生产条件下获取稳产、高产的潜质。迟播迟栽对不同类型水稻品种产量及生育期具有较大影响。据此,从安全生育性及稳产角度考虑,对不同类型品种在不同稻区生产的最晚播期进行了初步拟定,以为大面积生产提供参考。     

不同收获时期和收获方式对水稻碾米品质和产量的影响

研究不同收获时期和方式对水稻碾米品质和产量的影响,确定适宜收获期,结果表明:过早收获,籽粒成熟度不高,青瘪粒增多,千粒重降低,从而造成减产,也降低了精米率和整精米率;反之,收获过晚也会降低产量。在本试验条件下,综合考虑各因素,10月1～10日茎秆含水量偏高,可采用半喂入式收割机收获;10月10～17日可采用全喂入式联合收割机收获,即适宜收获时间17 d。割晒方式收获适宜收获期是9月25日～10月5日。     

Nitrous oxide emission measurement with acetylene inhibition method in paddy fields under flood conditions

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) emission from flooded rice paddy fields was continuously measured by the closed chamber method at an experimental plot in Thailand for a whole cultivation period. To characterize the N₂O emission with regard to the denitrification N loss, the C₂H₂ inhibition method was applied. Flood water on the soil greatly suppressed the N₂O emission. The N₂O emission was mitigated considerably by even a thin film of the flood water. The overall average N₂O emissions under flood conditions for one crop season (83 days) at the control site and the C₂H₂ treated site were 10.3 and 11.8 μg N m⁻² h⁻¹, respectively. The N₂O emission from the C₂H₂ treated site was consistently higher than that from the control site and the N₂O emission from both sites followed the same diurnal and seasonal variation pattern, indicating the effect of denitrification inhibition by the supplied C₂H₂. The N₂O emission enhanced along with temperature increase when NO₃–N concentration in the soil water was above 0.4 mg N l⁻¹ and soil temperature was above 24°C, suggesting specific temperature influence over the emission. The increase in NO₃–N concentration and temperature in the soil affected only the N₂O emission while the difference in the emission at the C₂H₂ treated site and the control site was not so much affected. It was suggested that most of the actively produced N₂O under higher NO₃–N concentration and temperature would likely to quickly emit to the atmosphere rather than to undergo further reduction to N₂.     

外源ABA对苗期低温下冬小麦蔗糖含量及其关键酶基因表达的影响

为了探讨外源ABA对苗期低温下冬小麦植株蔗糖代谢的调节作用,以抗寒性强的品种东农冬麦1号和抗寒性弱的品种济麦22为试验材料,在三叶期分别于不同温度下经ABA处理48 h后取叶片和地下茎,研究外源ABA对苗期低温下冬小麦的蔗糖含量及蔗糖代谢相关酶基因表达的影响。结果表明,外源ABA处理使低温下抗寒性强的东农冬麦1号中积累了更多的蔗糖,尤其是叶片,而在济麦22中则抑制了蔗糖的积累。4℃以上温度时,外源ABA促进了东农冬麦1号叶片和地下茎中UGP在蔗糖合成中的作用;在4℃以下低温时,外源ABA则促进了UGP在蔗糖分解中的作用。4℃以上温度时,外源ABA提高了东农冬麦1号叶片中Ta SPS基因和地下茎中Ta SAInv基因的表达,而抑制了济麦22各器官中Ta SPS基因和Ta SAInv基因的表达。此外,4℃以上温度时,外源ABA抑制了两个小麦品种各器官中Ta SS基因的表达。表明抗寒性强的东农冬麦1号对外源ABA可能更加敏感,其蔗糖合成能力的提高将有利于冬小麦植株抵御低温,进而维持植株的存活。