Optimal feed level during the transition period to achieve faster farrowing and high colostrum yield in sows

This study aimed to determine the optimal supply of lactation feed during the transition period to minimize farrowing duration (FD) and maximize colostrum yield (CY) and quality with the overall aim of reducing piglet mortality. A total of 48 sows were stratified for body weight and assigned to six levels of feed supply (1.8, 2.4, 3.1, 3.7, 4.3, and 5.0 kg/d) from day 108 of gestation until 24 h after the onset of farrowing. The number of total born, live-born, and stillborn piglets; birth time and birth weight of each piglet; and frequency of farrowing assistance (FA) was recorded, and blood samples were obtained from newborn piglets at birth. Live-born piglets were further weighed at 12 and 24 h after birth to record weight gain, which in turn was used to estimate intake and yield of colostrum. Colostrum samples were collected at 0, 12, 24, and 36 h after the onset of farrowing. FD was shortest (4.2 h) at intermediate (3.7 kg/d), longest (7.1 to 7.6 h) at low (1.8 and 2.4 kg/d), and intermediate (5.6 to 5.7 h) at high (4.3 and 5.0 kg/d) feed intake (P = 0.004; mean comparison). FA was lowest (0.7% to 0.8%) at intermediate feed intake (3.7 and 4.3 kg/d) and substantially elevated (4.3% to 4.7%) at both lower and higher feed intake (P = 0.01; mean comparison). The cubic contrast revealed 4.1 kg/d as the optimal feed intake to achieve the shortest FD and to minimize FA. Newborn piglets from second-parity sows were less vital than piglets from gilts as evaluated by blood biochemical variables immediately after birth. CY was greatest at 3.1 kg/d (P = 0.04), whereas the cubic contrast revealed 3.0 kg/d as the optimal feed intake to maximize CY. Concentrations of colostral components were affected by the diet, parity, and their interaction except for lactose concentrations. In conclusion, the study demonstrated the importance of proper feed level during the transition period on sow productivity. Moreover, this study estimated 4.1 and 3.0 kg/d as the optimal feed intake during the transition period to improve farrowing characteristic and CY, respectively, and these two feed intake levels supplied daily 38.8 MJ metabolizable energy (ME) and 23.9 g standardized ileal digestible (SID) lysine (3.0 kg/d) or 53.0 MJ ME and 32.7 g SID lysine (4.1 kg/d). The discrepancy of optimal feed intake for optimal farrowing and colostrum performance suggests that it may be advantageous to lower dietary lysine concentration in the diet fed prepartum.     

国外优良材用竹种阿帕斯竹引种栽培试验

阿帕斯竹出笋期5月中旬～10月中旬,7月上旬～8月中旬为出笋盛期;单株埋秆育苗的出笋数、成竹数分别是单株埋蔸育苗的3.9倍、3.8倍,而新竹径级较埋蔸的下降43.5%,两种育苗方法可结合应用;竹丛结构调控可显著提高竹丛出笋数(21.9%)和新竹地径(84.1%),退笋率降低36.9%;综合出笋成竹数、新竹地径的季节性施肥效果,以6月最佳,其次为3月。     

茶杆竹笋期生长规律及立竹密度研究

对茶杆竹出笋成竹规律及其合理立竹密度进行研究,表明茶杆竹出笋量随时间的变化进程为“少-多-少”。茶杆竹笋期呈“S”型曲线。不同笋期的茶杆竹高生长方程相关系数为0．9371-0．9418．经检验,达到显著水平,表明用Logistic方程回归效果较好。茶杆竹立竹密度试验表明茶杆竹林分密度应以11250株／hm^2为适宜。     

柑橘矢尖蚧发生期预测回归方程研究

矢尖蚧是危害柑橘生产的重要害虫之一,搞好测报可以指导适时防治.笔者在重庆市北碚区柑橘园对矢尖蚧进行多年系统监测,结果表明,矢尖蚧在该地一年发生3代,世代重叠,第1代发生较为整齐,便于统一防治.因此,以2012年-2018年该虫发生前3个月的气象资料和矢尖蚧发生的田间历史数据为依据,应用DPS软件,分别采用简单法和多因子...     

配合饲料饲喂育成期水貂消化试验及饲养效果观测

将68只水貂按雌雄、体质量随机分为两组,分别饲喂常规鲜料(对照组)和配合饲料(试验组),在育成期进行饲养试验和消化试验。结果表明:母貂干物质和粗蛋白表观消化率对照组均高于试验组(P<0.05),公貂干物质和粗蛋白表观消化率对照组均显著高于试验组(P<0.01);试验组水貂干物质采食量和可消化干物质均略高于对照组;粗脂肪和粗纤维表观消化率试验组均高于对照组,差异极显著(P<0.01);对照组和试验组水貂能量表观消化率差异不显著(P>0.05);试验组水貂质量的增加均大于对照组。试验结果证实,采用配合饲料与一定比例的新鲜原料喂养水貂,是提高水貂生长性能、解决其饲料来源困难的比较合理的办法。     

日粮锌水平对生长肉兔生产性能、血清肝脏抗氧化酶活性和金属硫蛋白-1基因表达的影响

本文旨在探讨日粮不同锌添加水平和锌源对2～3月龄生长肉兔生产性能、血清肝脏抗氧化酶活性和金属硫蛋白-1(MT-1)基因表达的影响.选用2月龄新西兰肉兔70只,随机分为7个处理,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中分别以硫酸锌和蛋氨酸锌形式添加40、80和120 mg/kg锌,预试期7 d,正试期23 d.结果表明:日粮锌添加水平对生长肉兔平均日增重(ADG)和料重比(F/G)无显著性影响(P>0.05),对平均日采食量(ADI)影响显著(P<0.05);不同锌水平对血清铜锌超氧化物歧化酶(CuZn-SoD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性影响显著(P<0.05),对肝脏CuZn-SoD和GSH-Px活性影响极显著(P<0.01);随日粮锌水平的增加,肝脏、肾脏MT-1mRNA相对表达丰度呈先升高后降低趋势(P<0.01),80 mg/kg添加水平时2种锌源MT-1mRNA相对表达丰度均达到最高.MT-1mRNA相对表达丰度可以作为评价动物机体锌营养状况的敏感指标.     

两个水稻DH群体发芽期和幼苗前期耐碱性状QTL定位比较

利用两个不同的加倍单倍体群体,在0.15%Na2CO3胁迫下,以发芽期和幼苗前期的发芽势（GE）等10个性状碱害相对值作为耐碱指标,进行耐碱性状QTL定位比较。碱害相对值相关分析表明,多个性状的碱害相对值存在显著或极显著相关。采用QTLMapper1.6统计软件对碱害相对值进行QTL分析。DH-1群体定位到10个主效QTL和15个上位性QTL,DH-2群体定位到14个主效QTL和15个上位性QTL。两群体定位列线比对发现：1个控制相对根长的QTL,qRRL3-1,两群体定位在第3染色体对应的区域（CT339-G62和RM7-RM3280）。其他性状两群体没有定位在相同的区域,但存在多个重要的数量基因座位,如CT158-CT550、RM3755-RM418和RM1349-RM1061等区域。在这些相同基因座位上两群体都检测到控制不同性状的主效QTL或上位性QTL,耐碱性QTL可能存在多效性、连锁性,在不同遗传背景下加性效应和上位性效应可以相互转化。多个QTL不仅与水稻耐碱性有关,还与多种抗逆性有关。这些结果将有利于耐碱性分子机制的剖析和强耐碱性水稻品种的选育。     

广西荸荠贮藏期腐烂病病原菌鉴定

对广西荸荠贮藏期腐烂病的发生危害和症状特点进行了调查和描述,并对825份标样进行分离、纯化,结果从中获得菌株431个,根据菌株病原菌的形态特征、致病性及rDNA—ITS序列分析,鉴定出广西荸荠贮藏期腐烂病的主病原菌是棘孢木霉（Trichoderma asperellum）及其他16种病原菌,从而明确了荸荠贮藏期病害发病规律及药剂筛选和防控技术的研究重点。     

基于PDT的温室茄子发育模拟模型

本研究将温度对茄子发育速率影响效应的大小用相对热效应（RTE）来衡量,通过研究Beta函数的性质提出基于幂函数的模型来描述RTE与温度之间的关系。采用生理发育时间（Physiological Development＇Time,PDT）作为定量发育进程的尺度,建立了温室茄子发育模拟模型。利用模型对日光温室2年3茬茄子生长发育期资料进行检验的结果表明：模型能较好地预测各个发育期（发芽、苗期、开花坐果、结果和采收期）的出现时间和持续时间,各生育期模拟值与观测值的回归估计标准误差（RMSE）分别为1.00、1.73、0.82、1.41、2.38 d,显著优于基于有效积温模拟模型的预测精度（其生育期模拟的RMSE分别为2.38、7.14、1.73、5.07、8.25 d）。     

Effects of Gradual Water Deficit Stress on Phenological and Morphological Traits in Chickpea （Cicer arietinum L.）

The aims of this study were to investigate the effect of gradual water deficit stress on some phonological and morphological traits and grain yield of desi and kabuli chickpea cultivars. This study was carried out in 2007 and 2008, to evaluate responses of three chickpea cultivars （Hashem and Arman from kabuli and Pirooz from desi type） under well watering （I1： 70mm evaporation from class A pan）, gradual water deficit （12 and 13： 70→90→ 110→130 and 70→100→130mm evaporation from class A pan, respectively） and severe water stress （14： 130mm evaporation from class A pan）. Result showed that days to flowering and plant height were decreased, as water limitation increased. This reduction was significant under gradual water stress （I2 and I3） and Severe water deficit （I4）, compared with control （I1）. There were no significant differences in grain filling period and grain yield among I~, I2 and I3 irrigation treatments. No significant differences in days to physiologic maturity and number of sub branches were recorded among irrigation treatments. Interactions of year×cultivar for days to physiologic maturity, grain filling period and grain yield （P≤0.01） and for days to flowering and plant height （P≤0.05） were significant. The superiority of Arman in producing comparatively greater grain yield could be attributed to higher grain filling period of this cultivar in both years.