城市生活垃圾对草坪草种子发芽及生长的影响

不同土壤垃圾配比培养试验结果表明:垃圾对草子的发芽有明显的抑制作用,表现在发芽推迟和发芽率下降,且随着垃圾比例的增加发芽推迟时间延长和发芽率下降幅度增大。除纯垃圾外,配以垃圾的生长基质,草坪草植株生长粗壮肥大,叶色深绿,叶绿素含量显著高于纯土壤。     

合肥城市热岛变化特征研究

利用合肥历史气候资料分析城市热岛的年、季、日变化特征。结果表明:近36年中2003年城市热岛(ΔTu-r)日平均值最大,达到1.08℃;ΔTu-r季平均值冬季最大,为0.55℃,夏季最小,仅为0.30℃;年际变化1970~1990年间ΔTu-r较小,1991~2005年ΔTu-r平均为0.54℃,热岛效应明显增强;年代变化以90年代为最大,70年代最小。近36年年平均ΔTu-r明显上升,市区气温平均每10年升高0.20℃,郊区气温平均每10年升高0.15℃;合肥年平均气温明显存在以12年为周期的变化。     

Flowering time in oat: Genotype characterization for photoperiod and vernalization response

Flowering time is an important component in the adaptation of oat to sub-tropical environments. Genotypes differ in their response to photoperiod and to vernalization. The objectives of this study were to identify photoperiod insensitive oat genotypes and then investigate the response of different oat genotypes to a period of vernalization (cold treatment), and to evaluate F₆ recombinant inbred lines from two oat crosses in two different environments (day-length increases and day-length decreases). The genotypes used in the studies were from the UFRGS Oat Breeding Program: UFRGS 8, UFRGS 881971 and UFRGS 930605 and from the University of Minnesota, USA: Amagalon/*Ogle, Coker 492/Starter-1 and PC68/5*Starter, and F₆ lines from the crosses UFRGS 8 × UFRGS 930605 and UFRGS 8 × PC68/5*Starter. UFRGS 8 showed no photoperiod sensitivity by flowering early regardless of the photoperiod length. Late flowering in the winter and early flowering in the summer characterize day-length-dependent genotypes like PC68/5*Starter. UFRGS 881971 responded to vernalization. Genotypes showed variability that can be used in the selection of lines/varieties that more effectively use the complete season.     

紫花苜蓿根系入土深度

综述了紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)根系入土深度的影响因子和若干自然区域的紫花苜蓿根系入土深度,为其根系的深入研究及栽培管理提供依据.影响紫花苜蓿根系入土深度的因子包括土层厚度、地下水位、土壤特性、耕作、施肥、灌溉、刈割、生长调节剂、品种和生长年限,其中土层厚度、地下水位、土壤特性和生长年限对紫花苜蓿根系入土深度的影响较大;土层越薄、地下水位越高、土壤障碍(酸、碱、盐、粘重、紧实和贫瘠)越重、生长年限越短,根系入土深度越浅;深耕、施肥和应用生长调节剂皆可促进苜蓿根系下扎;不同灌溉模式根系入土深度略有不同;刈割频率越高,根系入土深度越浅;不同品种根系入土深度存在一定差异;不同自然区域和生长年限紫花苜蓿根系入土深度差异很大;在土层薄及地下水位高的情况下,紫花苜蓿根系入土深度取决于土层厚度和地下水位;当土壤障碍较为严重时,紫花苜蓿根系入土深度常可浅至不足1 m,一般不超过2 m;在无明显土壤障碍因子的情况下,生长1年紫花苜蓿根系入土深度约为1~2 m,生长2-5年者多在2~5 m之间.     

玉米宽窄行机械播种有关技术

阐明了玉米宽窄行机械播种的原因、优点和意义,指出了搞好玉米宽窄行机械播种的基本条件和农艺要求,提出了株距和排肥量的调整技术方案。     

机插粳稻新品种比较试验研究

通过粳稻新品种机插种植比较试验研究,结果表明,扬粳687、大粮203全生育期131～133 d,早熟;其余品种全生育期141～150 d,比扬粳687、大粮203迟熟10 d以上。早熟比迟熟品种产量相对要低,中稻1号产量最高,大粮203产量最低。中稻1号、淮稻5号、宁粳4号综合表现较好,适宜大面积推广,其余品种需扩大示范或再示范。     

华北平原夏玉米各生育阶段农业气候要素变化特征

基于华北平原6个农业气象试验站1981—2009年夏玉米生育期资料,以及同期48个气象站平均、最高和最低温度,降水、日照时数等逐日气象资料,采用线性倾向估计的方法,分析了华北平原近30年夏玉米各生育阶段农业气候要素的变化趋势。结果表明:(1)夏玉米出苗~拔节期的温度升高,其中平均温度、平均最高温度、平均最低温度的增幅分别为0.42℃·10a-1、0.36℃·10a-1和0.58℃·10a-1(P0.05),平均最低温度显著增加的站点多于平均最高温度显著增加的站点,温度日较差降幅为0.22℃·10a-1(P0.05);夏玉米拔节~抽雄期的温度变化不明显,温度日较差降幅为0.22℃·10a-1(P0.05);夏玉米抽雄~成熟期的平均温度、平均最高温度、平均最低温度均下降,降幅分别为0.16℃·10a-1(P0.05),0.15℃·10a-1(P0.05)和0.06℃·10a-1,其中下降显著的站点位于山东省。(2)各生育阶段降水量变化不明显,全区仅山东南部和河南中部出苗~拔节期的降水量增加显著。(3)除播种~出苗期外,各生育阶段的总辐射量均显著下降,其中出苗~拔节、拔节~抽雄、抽雄~成熟和全生育期的日均总辐射降幅分别0.83、1.10、0.87 MJ·m-2·10a-1和0.89 MJ·m-2·10a-1(P0.05),且大部分站点下降显著。     

淮北夏大豆生育进程及适宜气候因子指标分析

夏大豆生长发育需要适宜的气候条件。不同的生育阶段,对气候条件的要求不同。淮北地处南北气候过渡带,6月中旬至9月中旬,雨热同季,气候因子变幅大。常年气候条件能够满足夏大豆生长发育的需要。笔者根据多年田间试验和生产调查,提出了夏大豆不同生育时段适宜的气象因子指标和相应的技术对策。     

九寨沟马脑壳金矿山优势草本植物生物量的垂直分布格局

于2008年通过对矿山开采区、排渣区(包括排土区)同生境原生草地植被调查的基础上,选择糙野青茅(Deyeuxila scabrescens (Griseb.) Munro)、羊茅(Festuca ovina L.)、四川嵩草(Kobresia setchwanensis Hand.-Mazz.)、白顶早熟禾(Poa acroleuca Steud.)、垂穗披碱草(Elymus nutans Griseb.)等5种优势乡土草本植物,研究其生物量垂直空间分布格局,为矿山生态恢复效果、多样性评价及物种筛选等提供基础数据。结果表明:在调查区内,D.scabrescens和F.ovina分布的范围广、盖度高(分别为18.86%和15.29%)、其生物量(分别为2003.74 kg·hm^-2,1507.42 kg·hm^-2)也高。5种草本生物量大小排序为D.scabrescens>F.ovina>K.setchwanensis>P.acroleuca>E.nutans,其地上生物量与地下生物量均呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。总体上看,草本总生物量随海拔的升高呈现出先增大后减小的趋势,5种优势草本生物量与海拔显著相关(P<0.01),但各优势种生物量大小随海拔变化关系不尽一致;草本生物量随坡度变化较大,坡脊生物量较坡谷低;草本盖度随季节有一定的变化。因此,矿山生态恢复过程中恢复物种的搭配应考虑物种生长季节的变化,增加物种多样性以及系统稳定性;同时应注意有效利用矿山资源。     

Seasonal Variation in Serum Concentrations of Selected Metabolic Hormones in Horses

Background: Determination of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) concentration is a commonly used test in the evaluation of endocrine causes of equine laminitis, but the concentration in healthy horses can be high at certain times of year, which alters the specificity of the ACTH test. Objective: To determine if circulating concentrations of ACTH, cortisol, glucose, insulin, and thyroxine vary month to month in healthy horses and in horses with equine metabolic syndrome (EMS). Animals: Nine healthy adult horses were studied on their farm/stable over the course of 1 year. After the diagnosis of EMS, 10 laminitic horses residing at the same farm/stable were also studied. Methods: Prospective study of healthy and laminitic horses. Plasma/serum samples were analyzed for concentrations of hormones and glucose. Results: ACTH was the only analyte to show a discrete seasonal pattern, with concentrations in healthy and EMS horses frequently outside of the reference range (9–35 pg/mL) in August through October. Insulin was elevated (>40 μIU/mL) in EMS horses during most months and median serum glucose was generally higher in EMS horses (100 mg/dL, range, 76–163 mg/ dL) than in controls (94 mg/dL, range, 56–110 mg/dL), but no seasonal patterns for insulin or glucose were found. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: An increased ACTH concentration in horses in late summer or autumn should be interpreted with caution. In contrast, insulin concentration is maintained within the reference range throughout the year in healthy horses, thus an increased insulin concentration at any time of year should raise suspicions of EMS, ECD, or both.