季节时序模型在温室内日湿度预测中的应用

温室内湿度环境的调控是农业保护地生产中的重要环节,关系到植物的生长状况、灌溉措施的调节以及多种病害的生态防治.现以北京地区具有代表性的砖砌空心墙钢拱架结构温室为例,以2006年12月至2007年6月间的日湿度值为分析数据,运用季节性时间序列分析法建立了当地温室内月平均的日湿度AR(p)模型,经过与实测值对比,预报效果较好,为合理调控温室内的湿度提供了理论依据和定量指标.     

不同生育期弱光胁迫对番茄生长及产量的影响

于番茄的开花期、果实膨大期和果实绿熟期进行持续5周的50%自然光强的弱光处理。试验结果表明:果实绿熟期的弱光胁迫对植株干物重、各器官的物质分配率和果重影响程度最小,果实膨大期的弱光胁迫使番茄果重显著降低,而开花期弱光胁迫使坐果率和单果重显著下降,导致产量显著降低。因此,番茄对弱光的敏感程度依次为开花期>果实膨大期>果实绿熟期。     

重庆四个鲜食葡萄品种白藜芦醇含量研究

以重庆地区主栽的4个鲜食葡萄品种为试材,测定其果皮,果肉白藜芦醇含量。并用4个品种酿酒,测定其原酒的白藜芦醇含量。结果表明:4个品种白藜芦醇含量均表现为果皮>酒液>果肉。其中果皮中以蜜莉最低(19.579μg/g),与其他3个品种果皮含量差异显著;果肉中以蜜莉最高(2.093μg/g),但与其余4个品种果肉中含量差异不显著;酒液中以巨玫瑰最低(3.590μg/g),与其他酒液含量差异显著。4个品种生长、品质相关指标,以及与白藜芦醇的相关性分析表明,巨玫瑰和夏黑的品种、树龄、修剪、肥水管理等都能影响白藜芦醇的含量,同时白藜芦醇含量与葡萄其他品质也密切相关。     

Susceptibility of Six Scots Pine Clones to the Pathogenic Fungus Gremmeniella abietina

Genotypic variation in susceptibility to Gremmeniella abietina, an economically important fungal pathogen of conifers, was studied by artificially inoculating 23 - yr - old grafted plants of six Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) clones in a seed orchard. Two fungal isolates were used. The mycelium was inserted into the current year shoots in late winter and the length of the necrotic lesion caused by the fungus was measured the next spring. The growth and male flower production of the experimental shoots were also measured. The development of symptoms did not vary among the clones, but the location of the grafts within the orchard statistically significantly affected the length of necrosis. The clones differed significantly in regard to height and the production of male and female flowers. Differences in flowering intensity among the clones were not connected with the development of G. abietina. At the level of the single shoot, the production of male flowers correlated positively with the length of necrosis. The length of necrosis correlated negatively with the length of current and previous year shoots. The ability of the two fungal isolates to cause necrosis differed significantly.     

黑龙江省森林植物园蝶类种类及发生量变化研究

2008年5月至2009年9月间,在蝶类发生季节,对黑龙江省森林植物园蝴蝶种类进行实地采样调查,共采集到蝶类707只,分别隶属于6科24属31种,标本中以蛱蝶最多,粉蝶次之,眼蝶和弄蝶最少。由于森林植物园的植物种类丰富,所以蝴蝶种类较多,数量较大,少数蝶种类在分布上具有区域性。     

Nutrient digestibility, blood profiles and fecal microbiota are influenced by chitooligosaccharide supplementation of growing pigs

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary chitooligosaccharide (COS) supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profiles and fecal microbiota in growing pigs. A total of 144 [(Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc] pigs with an initial body weight of 23.6 ± 1.1 kg were allotted to one of the following dietary treatments: 1) basal diet; 2) basal diet with 44 mg/kg of tylosin (100 mg/kg tylosin); 3) basal diet with 5 g/kg of COS and 4) basal diet with 5 g/kg COS and 44 mg/kg tylosin. There were nine replications per treatment with four pigs per pen. Throughout the experiment, pigs that were treated with a combination of COS and tylosin had a lower ADFI (P = 0.02) and higher gain/feed ratio (P < 0.05) than the other treatments. In addition, administration of either COS or tylosin alone significantly increased the digestibility of dry matter, nitrogen and gross energy (P < 0.05). The red blood cell (RBC) and white blood cell (WBC) counts, as well as the serum albumin concentrations were not affected by COS or tylosin supplementation. However, the lymphocyte proportion and serum total protein concentration were increased in pigs fed tylosin supplemented diets compared with those pigs fed diets not supplemented with tylosin (P < 0.05). Administration of tylosin significantly increased serum IgG concentration (P = 0.02); however, treatment with COS or tylosin supplementation had no effect on the total cholesterol or triglyceride concentrations. The serum HDL cholesterol concentration was significantly increased in pigs treated with COS (P = 0.02) compared to the pigs fed diets without COS. The COS administration also decreased the number of fecal Escherichia coli (P < 0.01), whereas the number of fecal Lactobacilli was not influenced by either COS or tylosin administration. Results of the current study indicate that dietary supplementation of COS can improve nutrient digestibility and haematological profiles, as well as decrease of fecal E. coli populations in growing pigs.     

固态发酵对复合蛋白质饲料营养价值改善效果的研究

本文旨在研究同态发酵对复合蛋白质饲料(CPF)营养成分和养分利用效率的改善效果.将产朊假丝酵母、枯草芽孢杆菌和乳酸杆菌接种到CPF后发酵3 d,干燥制得发酵复合蛋白质饲料(FCPF).在测定豆粕(SBM)、CPF、FCPF常规养分和氨基酸含量基础上进行消化代谢试验.选择体重为(24.36±1.78)kg的杜×长×大生长猪24头,随机分为4组,每组6个重复,每个重复1头猪,分别饲喂无氮日粮和以SBM、CPF及FCPF作为唯一蛋白质源配制的半纯合日粮,采用无氮日粮法测定SBM、CPF和FCPF对生长猪的蛋白质、能量消化利用率以及氨基酸回肠消化率.预试期4 d,正试期4 d.结果表明:固态发酵极显著提高了FCPF的粗蛋白质、真蛋白质、钙和总磷含量(P<0.01);除精氨酸外,氨基酸含量均有所提高.与CPF相比,FCPF蛋白质消化利用率和能量消化率均极显著升高(P<0.01);氨基酸表观消化率显著或极显著的升高(P<0.05或P<0.01);除Gly以外,FCPF各氨基酸真消化率均显著或极显著的升高(P<0.05或P<0.01).FCPF大部分营养特性接近或优于SBM.由此可知,固态发酵可改善CPF的营养特性,提高其在20～50 kg生长猪上的养分消化利用率.     

Effects of Nandrolone and TGF-β1 in growing rabbits with osteopenia induced by over-supplementation of calcium and vitamin D3

The study was undertaken to find out the effects of over supplementation of dietary calcium and vitamin D3 on the mineralization of growing skeleton, taking rabbit as an animal model; further to study the effects of Nandrolone deconoate and TGF-β1 on the mineralization of osteopenic bones. Twenty four New Zealand White rabbits of either sex, 60 day old, were randomly divided in 4 equal groups, A, B, C and D. The animals of groups B, C and D were administered with oral supplementation of calcium (2000 mg/kg of standard rabbit feed) and vit-D3 (1000 IU/kg of standard feed) for 60 days. The animals of group A were given standard ration without any supplementation. After 60 days, the Ca-vit.D3 supplementation was discontinued; and the animals of group C were administered with TGF-β1 (10 ng, i.m.) once in every three days and animals of group D were given Nandrolone deconoate (10 mg, i.m.) once every week for 30 days, whereas in animals of group B, no treatment was given. All the animals were evaluated based on different observations like body weight, radiographic observations, circulating biochemical and hormone profile (plasma Ca, IP, AP, OC and iPTH) every 15 days up to 60 days after initiation of treatment. The results indicated that the body weight of rabbits in different groups increased gradually and steadily at different intervals till the end of observation period, however, the increase was non-significantly more in group D. The CI in group A increased gradually at different intervals; whereas in groups B, C and D, there was no appreciable increase in the CI during the period of Ca-vit.D3 supplementation, suggesting development of osteopenia. Treatment with TGF-β1 did not increase the CI significantly, whereas Nandrolone treatment resulted in significant increase in the CI on days 45 and 60. The plasma Ca levels showed slight but gradual increase from day 0 to 60 in almost all groups. Subsequently also, there was no marked change at different intervals in groups A and B; however, significant reduction in plasma Ca was noticed in group C on 15^th day and in group D on 60^th day after initiation of treatment. Plasma IP levels in groups B and C showed a decreasing trend up to day 60. After discontinuation of Ca-vit.D3 supplementation, in group B, it further decreased to remain significantly lower on 15^th day, and in groups C and D, it increased significantly on 60^th post-treatment day. There was no significant change in the AP activity during the entire period of study in group A; whereas significant reduction in AP activity was measured on 30^th and 60^th days of treatment in groups B and C, and on 15^th day of treatment in group D. Plasma iPTH values did not show any significant change at any interval during the first 60 days in all groups. On 30^th and 60^th days of treatment, the mean iPTH level remained significantly lesser in group B. In all groups treated with over supplementation of Ca and vit.D3, there was a non-significant increase in the plasma OC levels up to day 60; however, there was no significant difference between the groups. It can be concluded that additional supplementation of Ca and vit.D3 results in osteopenia in growing rabbits. Administration of Nandrolone helps to increase the mineral density in osteopenic bones, whereas TGF-β1 does not seem to have positive effect on the skeletal mineralization.     

不同药剂处理对受寒害木薯出苗生长的影响

研究受寒害木薯在不同药剂处理条件下的生根出苗及生长情况。结果表明,进行消毒处理可提高受寒害木薯种茎的生根率、出苗率,降低茎段的霉烂率,其中以施保克处理效果最好(生根率、出苗率均为63%,茎段霉烂率为28%);不同生根剂处理中,以根旺+石灰处理效果最好,使受寒害木薯的生根率、出苗率明显高于对照组及其他处理组;从采用不同生根剂处理对寒害木薯种茎生长情况的影响来看,根旺+石灰组对促进木薯植株伸长与生长的作用最明显(可使平均株高比对照增加8.58 cm),而多效唑+石灰处理组对植株茎秆增粗效果最好(可使茎粗比对照增加0.42 cm)。     

诱发籼稻早熟突变频率和早熟范围的研究

1982～1985年对53个籼稻品种辐射M_2代的试验结果表明:早熟突变频率平均为1.4％,其中,迟熟类型品种要比早熟类型品种有更高的早熟突变频率,并与原品种的生育期呈正相关,相关系数为0.40~(**)。突变体提早的范围为3～32天,平均为9.5天。它们是随生育期的推迟而增加。