司笃克氏棉（G.stockii）色素腺体的形态建成与棉酚动态研究

对司笃克氏棉幼胚发育过程和种子萌发过程中的色素腺体形态建成进行连续的切片观察和棉酚含量分析。结果表明,司笃克氏棉的种仁中含有肉眼可见的色素腺体,为典型的有色素腺体类型;然而种仁中的棉酚含量仅为0.0058%,为典型的低酚棉类型。司笃克氏棉种子成熟过程中的色素腺体形态建成有两种情况：（1）色素腺体细胞直接形成     

Influences of protein kinase C inhibitors on the expression of IL-2 and IFN-γ by human T-lymphocytes

AIM:To investigate the influences of protein kinase C(PKC) inhibitors on the expression of interleukin-2(IL-2) and interferon-γ(IFN-γ) byin vitro activated T-lymphocytes. METHODS:Double fluorescent staining together with flow cytometry was adopted to detect intracellular cytokines and to analyze the effects of H7 and gossypol on IL-2 and IFN-γ expression levels of T-lymphocytes stimulated with phorbol ester (PDB)+ionomycin(I) in the presence of monensin.RESULTS:The expression rates of IL-2 and IFN-γ of CD3⁺ T cells stimulated with PDB+I for 4 h were 16.64±2.04 and 25.81±3.53(x±s), respectively, which were significantly higher than that of control (1.06±0.22 and 3.12±0.77)(P＜0.05). Gossypol was able to inhibit the expression of IL-2 and IFN-γ significantly, with the expression rates of 2.08±0.12 and 9.01±1.90, respectively. At the presence of 50 μmol/L H7, the rates of IL-2⁺ and IFN-γ⁺ CD3⁺ T cells were 0.43±0.06 and 2.40±0.27, respectively. The effect of H7 was stronger than that of gossypol. CONCLUSION:PKC plays an important role in the expression of IL-2 and IFN-γ of CD3⁺T cells and its inhibitors H7 and gossypol exert significant inhibitory effect on the expression of these two cytokines. It is suggested that H7 and gossypol may have modulatory effect on T-cell-dependent specific immune responses by inhibiting PKC activity.     

棉酚对奶牛繁殖性能的影响研究

棉酚是一种存在于棉族植物的棉籽、根、茎杆色素腺里的黄色有毒多酚物质,是棉族植物抵御害虫的保护剂,但是棉籽产品用作动物饲料时,长时间或超剂量使用棉酚就会导致中毒,尤其是损坏动物的繁殖性能,本文综述了棉酚对奶牛繁殖性能的影响以及部分试验报道的安全剂量,以亟为合理配制饲料提供理论依据。     

Influence of gossypol from dietary cottonseed meal on haematology, reproductive steroids and tissue gossypol enantiomer concentrations in male rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) males were fed, during a 9‐month period, five experimental diets where fishmeal proteins were gradually replaced with cottonseed meal (CS) proteins (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%; diets 1–5, respectively). This study was carried out to evaluate the action and tissue concentrations of gossypol. Growth performance of fish was not affected with the increasing levels of CS in the diets. Haemoglobin concentration and haematocrit significantly decreased in fish fed 100% CS compared with other dietary treatments. Gonadosomatic index, plasma sex steroids (testosterone, 11‐ketotestosterone and 17,20β‐dihydroxy‐4‐pregnen‐3‐one) and sperm characteristics (concentration, motility, protein concentration and lactate dehydrogenase activity) were not negatively affected by increasing levels of CS. For the first time, a comprehensive study of gossypol concentrations, total and (+) and (?)‐enantiomers, in several tissues (liver, blood plasma, spermatozoa and seminal plasma) was performed. The concentrations of both (+) and (?)‐enantiomers significantly increased with increasing levels of CS in the diet. The highest concentrations were found in the liver of fish fed diet 5 (185 ± 18 μg g^?1). In blood plasma, the concentrations of total gossypol were 10 times lower than the one found in the liver, but 10 and 100 times higher than the concentrations in the spermatozoa and seminal plasma, respectively. In all tissues studied, the concentration of (+)‐enantiomer was higher than the (?)‐enantiomer. The ratio (?)‐enantiomer/total gossypol did not change significantly with the increasing levels of CS in the diet. The results of the present study indicate that CS can be used over a period of 9 months to replace fishmeal proteins completely without compromising growth and reproduction of rainbow trout males.     

棉酚腺体的遗传分析及低酚棉分子育种研究进展

棉酚是一种存在于棉酚腺体的倍半萜烯类化合物。由于它的抗虫性和毒害性,在棉花育种中颇受重视。从低酚棉腺体的质量性状、数量性状、经济性状等方面的遗传特性进行了综述,分析了低酚棉的分子育种研究进展,并对低酚棉今后的进一步研究进行了展望。     

棉籽饼粕脱毒方法研究进展

综述了棉籽粕的营养特性、目前使用的脱毒方法以及棉饼在畜禽业上的应用现状及存在问题 ,并对应用前景作了展望     

低酚棉育种研究进展

综述了低酚棉育种的发展概况及低酚棉无腺体性状的遗传规律,分析了棉酚腺体的分子育种进展及无腺体性状在杂种优势利用中的价值,并对低酚棉进一步研究进行了展望。     

色素腺体和棉酚对陆地棉茎尖培养的影响

本研究以陆地棉三对色素腺体近等基因系为材料,研究色素腺体和棉酚对棉花茎尖培养的影响.结果表明,外植体的色素腺体和棉酚性状对于棉花茎尖培养有较大的影响,有色素腺体棉的茎尖比对应的无色素腺体近等基因系更易诱导产生不定根和再生植株.无色素腺体棉根尖的不定根出生时间晚于对应的有色素腺体近等基因系7天左右.棉酚试验     

Inhibitory effects of gossypol on the activation of human T-lymphocytes stimulated with polyclonal activators

AIM: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were cultured in vitro to study the effect of gossypol, a polyphenolic antifertility agent, on the activation of normal human T cells. METHODS: Double fluorescent staining together with flow cytometry was adopted to analyze the influence of gossypol on expression of the early activation antigen CD69 on T-lymphocytes under stimulation of mitogen or phorbol ester. RESULTS:Analysis of T cell activation in vitro revealed that preincubation of PBMC with 100 μmol/L gossypol could completely inhibit the expression of early activation marker CD69 on CD3⁺ T cells in response to 10mg/L PHA, and block T cell activation by 10^-7 mol/L PDB as well. The suppression of CD69 expression was dose-dependent and IC₅₀ of gossypol on PDB and PHA were (35.7±2.9) μmol/L and (32.8±1.5) μmol/L(x ±s), respectively. Besides, gossypol had similar inhibitory effect on CD69 expression of CD3^- lymphocytes. However, it did not have any significant effect on T cell surface molecule CD3 down-regulation. CONCLUSION: Gossypol could inhibit T cell activation in vitro in response to polyclonal activators, both PHA and PDB, suggesting that its action site may be at PKC or its downstream and that gossypol possessed potential immuno-regulatory effect.