转基因植物对蜂类昆虫安全性

随着转基因植物的大规模商业化种植,其对蜂类等有益昆虫的影响成为研究转基因生物风险评估的主要内容。一方面蜜蜂等蜂类取食植物花粉,有可能直接接触到杀虫蛋白,产生毒性效应;另一方面转基因植物的性状、营养成分等可能发生变化,对蜜蜂的行为可能产生潜在影响。本文综述了目前转基因植物对蜂类昆虫安全性研究进展,并提出克服转基因植物对非靶标生物可能的负面效应的治理对策,以期对转基因植物生物安全性的研究提供科学依据。     

隐孢子虫病两种诊断方法的应用比较

目的对目前常用的两种检测隐孢子虫感染方法进行估价。方法取上海某牧场随机采集的20头奶牛粪便用改良抗酸染色法和巢式PCR(Nested PCR)法检测。结果两种方法均能检测出粪便中的隐孢子虫卵囊,改良抗酸染色法阳性检测率55%,Nested PCR法阳性检测率70%。结论:两种方法均能从感染隐孢子虫的奶牛粪便中捡出隐孢子虫卵囊,可根据需要选择。     

The impacts of climate change on potential natural vegetation distribution

Change in potential natural vegetation (PNV) distribution associated with climate change due to the doubling atmospheric carbon dioxide (2×CO₂) was estimated with a global natural vegetation mapping system based on the modified Kira scheme to the globe and the continents. With an input of widely-distributed global climate data, the system interpolates data onto a 1° latitude by 1° longitude grid over the globe, generates estimates of vegetation type, and produces a composite PNV map. The input climate data corresponding to the 1×CO₂ and 2×CO₂ consists of observations prior to AD 1958 at 2,001 weather stations worldwide and the 2×CO₂ simulation output from the Japan Meteorological Research Institue's General Circulation Model, respectively. As a result of the simulated global warming, the vegetation zones expanded mostly from the tropics toward the poles. PNV area changed by 6.98 billion (G) ha of the total land area (15.04 Gha) and potential forest area corresponding to the closed forest and open forest (woodland) reached 9.74 Gha with the increase of 1.29 Gha. The potential forest area in Europe had obvious advantages to the climate change accompanied with the increase of actual forest area. Although the actual forest area has decreased in North America and Asia, the potential forest area in these continents also benefitted from the climate change. In the end, the remaining continents tended to bear the brunt of the climate change.     

人工林改性木材研究及应用前景

概述了近10年来国内外学者在人工林木材改性方面取得的研究成果，并提出了改性木材目前存在的问题以及未来发展趋势，从资源的可行性和市场前景对人工林改性木材的应用进行深入探讨。     

SMA在钢箱梁桥面铺装中的应用

SMA应用时必须根据具体情况对其构成进行调整。本文根据钢桥的特殊要求,对SMA在钢箱梁桥桥面铺装中的使用进行了有益的研究。     

甲醛吸附用载铜活性炭孔结构和表面化学性质研究

采用CuC l2溶液对椰壳活性炭进行改性,制备高容量甲醛吸附活性炭。以扫描电镜(SEM)观测改性前后活性炭的表面形貌;用低温液氮吸附(N2/77K)来表征铜盐浓度的改变对活性炭孔隙结构的影响;用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析活性炭表面元素组成及存在形式;用X射线衍射(XRD)研究载铜活性炭的晶形结构;以常温动态吸附评价活性炭对甲醛的吸附性能。研究结果表明:改性活性炭中铜以Cu、CuC l及CuC l23种形式存在,改性活性炭微孔数量减少,介孔比例提高;同时,随铜盐浓度增加,活性炭的比表面积和孔容减少,平均孔径变大;改性后活性炭表面含氧官能团数量增加。当CuC l2浓度为0.5 mol/L时,制备的改性活性炭对甲醛的吸附容量(4.28 mg/g)是原料活性炭(1.38 mg/g)的3.1倍,甲醛在改性活性炭上的吸附行为符合Freundlich吸附模型。     

5种光响应模型对小叶杨的适用性分析

采用Li-6400光合仪测定CO2400μmol·mol-1条件下小叶杨的光响应数据。分别采用直角双曲线修正模型、二次多项式模型、直角双曲线模型、非直角双曲线模型及指数模型对光响应曲线进行拟合,探讨5种模型对小叶杨的适用性。结果表明:直角双曲线、非直角双曲线及指数模型不能处理光抑制部分的光响应数据,且得到的最大净光合速率大于实测值,光饱和点远小于实测值;二次多项式虽能处理光抑制部分的光响应数据,但得到的光合参数有悖常识;直角双曲线修正模型不仅能处理光抑制部分的光响应数据,且拟合得到的各项光合参数均与实际相符,是拟合小叶杨光响应曲线的最适宜模型。     

Effect of multi-enzymes in combination with a direct-fed microbial on performance and welfare parameters in broilers under commercial production settings

The objective of this study was to determine the response of broilers to the combination of multi-enzymes and direct-fed microbial (DFM) under commercial production settings. A total of 7,000 1-day-old male broilers (Ross 308) were distributed over 10 pens (700 broilers/pen). Two dietary treatments were tested using complete randomized design, including a control diet and a test diet with addition of multi-enzymes (xylanase, amylase, and protease (XAP)] and DFM (a combination of spores from 3 strains ofBacillus amyloliquefaciens). Pelleted diets were offered ad libitum in 3 phases and water was freely available. During starter and grower phases (0 to 21 d), the enzyme and DFM combination resulted in improved FE (P < 0.05). During the finisher phase, higher feed intake and BW gain (P < 0.05) were observed for the test group. Overall, there were significantly higher feed intake, BW gain, and lower water-to-feed ratio in test group compared to the control group. This was related to improved (P < 0.05) modified production efficiency factor which was calculated based on final BW, survival rate, feeding period, and mortality-weight-corrected FCR. The test group had improved litter quality and a reduced foot-pad lesion score compared to the control. In addition, there was a tendency (P < 0.1) of reducingClostridium perfringens population in cecal digesta and higher lactic acid content in the ileal digesta, when expressed on an as-is basis, in the test group. In this study, we demonstrated that using a multi-enzymes and DFM combination in the diet for broilers can result in improved FE in starter/grower phases and animal welfare parameters, and lead to improved production efficiency under commercial settings.     

改性松香脂环基环氧树脂的机械性能及其影响因素分析

通过测定改性松香脂环基环氧树脂固化物的冲击强度、弯曲强度,研究了环氧树脂的结构、组成及固化时间、促进剂、填料硅微粉的粒径、活性、绝缘等级与用量等因素对环氧树脂机械性能的影响。研究表明,环氧树脂的化学结构与组成是影响材料力学性能的主要因素,以DCT-1为促进剂、120℃固化6～8h、填料硅微粉添加量为环氧树脂质量的2．5倍时,环氧树脂材料的力学性能最佳。     

DPS软件在中绥12杨光响应曲线拟合中的应用

采用Li-6400光合仪测定了中绥12杨的光响应数据。分别采用直角双曲线模型、非直角双曲线模型、直角双曲线修正模型及指数模型对光响应曲线进行拟合,以探讨几种模型对中绥12杨的适用性并介绍在DPS数据处理系统中的操作步骤。结果表明,直角双曲线、非直角双曲线及指数模型得到的最大净光合速率大于实测值;直角双曲线和非直角双曲线模型得到的光饱和点远小于实测值;应用指数模型时(假设0.9Pn max或0.99Pn max所对应的光强为Isat)则无法求解光饱和点;直角双曲线修正模型拟合得到的各项光合参数均与实际相符,是中绥12杨光合光响应的最适宜模型。