Against the neoliberal steamroller? The Biosafety Protocol and the social regulation of agricultural biotechnologies

Through a discursive and organizational analysis we seek to understand the Biosafety Protocol and the place of socioeconomic regulation of agricultural biotechnology in it. The literature on the Protocol has been fairly extensive, but little of it has explored debates over socioeconomic regulation during the negotiation process or the regulatory requirements specified in the final document. This case is especially important at a time when the spread of neoliberalism is increasingly associated with deregulation, because it sheds light on the conditions under which circumvention of the market is deemed legitimate and socio-economic regulation of agricultural technology is possible. Daniel Lee Kleinman is a professor in the Department of Rural Sociology at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, where he is also affiliated with the Holtz Center for Science and Technology Studies and the Integrated Liberal Studies Program. He is the author and editor of a number of books, including Impure Cultures: University Biology and the World of Commerce (2003). Abby J. Kinchy is a PhD candidate in the Departments of Sociology and Rural Sociology at the University of Wisconsin, Madison. Her current research examines the controversies surrounding the genetic “contamination” of Mexican maize and Canadian canola.     

转基因大豆存在的问题及应对措施

随着分子生物学和基因工程技术的发展,转基因植物研究取得了飞速发展。但是,转基因植物所带来的争议也从未间断过。近年来,我国进口的大豆中有很多是转基因大豆,它是否对人体健康、我国大豆品种资源及生态环境造成影响,越来越引起人们的关注。论述了世界转基因大豆的现状、优缺点和引发的争议,并提出一些建议。     

溴化十六烷基三甲铵存在时伏安法测定雌二醇含量

雌二醇在用裸玻碳电极进行伏安法测定时的电活性极低。但雌二醇在有阳离子表面活性剂溴化十六烷基三甲铵 (CTMAB)存在时 ,使用Nafion修饰的玻碳电极 ,则可于 0 .35V处有一灵敏的响应。据此 ,建立了雌二醇的线性扫描伏安测定法。适宜条件下 ,线性范围为1× 1 0 - 8mol/L8× 1 0 - 5 mol/L ,检测限为 5× 1 0 - 9mol/L。     

CO2气调对两种储粮害虫致死率的研究

谷蠹(Rhyzopertha dominica)成虫和杂拟谷盗(Tribolium con fusum)卵、幼虫、蛹及成虫对35%CO_2、11%O_2,35%CO_2、21%O_2,75%CO_2、11%O_2及75%CO_2、21%O_2 4种气调环境都很敏感,但35%CO_2对杂拟谷盗成虫致死率不高。杂拟谷盗卵、幼虫、蛹及成虫对高CO_2(75%)气调环境的敏感顺序为:卵>幼虫>蛹>成虫。     

SYBR Green I实时荧光PCR鉴定检测转基因油菜RT73品系

根据转基因油菜RT73品系转入的外源基因质粒图谱,设计品系鉴定的特异性引物,进行SYBR!Green I实时PCR检测,建立转基因油菜品系鉴定的SYBR Green I实时PCR方法。同时针对油菜FatA基因设计出内源基因。结果表明：应用实时PCR技术,利用SYBR Green I染料能选择性结合双链DNA的特点,可检测到RT73品系特异性靶序列扩增所产生的荧光信号,且通过溶解曲线确定其熔点值为80.2（±0.5）。SYBR Green I实时PCR能通过溶解曲线有效地区分特异性产物、非特异性产物以及引物二聚体,是鉴定转基因油菜RT73品系的新方法。     

农用地修正法定级因素中社会经济因素研究

农用地级别是依据构成土地质量的自然因素和社会经济因素，根据地方土地管理工作的需要，在政区（省或县）内进行质量综合评定，特别是社会因素对土地定级尤为重要。文中对影响农用地修正法定级因素中社会经济因素进行了分析和研究，阐述了各因素的应用原理与方法。     

离子交换伏安法测定人发中痕量镉的研究

报道了一种测定痕量镉的电化学分析方法。在 pH 4.0 0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液中 ,镉离子在钠型蒙脱石修饰玻碳电极上通过离子交换有十分灵敏的阳极溶出峰 ,且峰高与镉的含量相关。据此建立了测定痕量镉离子的方法 ,优化了各种试验条件 ,如支持电解质的选择、pH值的影响、修饰剂的用量、富集电位及时间、以及扫描速率。该方法测定镉时线性范围为 8×1 0 - 9～ 2× 1 0 - 6 mol/L ,检出限为 1× 1 0 - 9mol/L。方法简便、快速 ,灵敏度高。用此法测定了人发样品中的镉离子含量 ,结果令人满意。     

When goliaths clash: US and EU differences over the labeling of food products derived from genetically modified organisms

There is a fundamental divergence of opinion between the EU and the US over how food products derived from genetically modified organisms should be labeled. This has less to do with safety, as moves towards the international harmonization of safety standards continue apace, and rather more to do with the consumers' right to know about the origins of the food they are consuming. This paper uses a framework drawn from the global public goods (GPG) literature of economics and the work by international relations theorists on formal international organizations (FIO) to explain why there is presently no global consensus on the manner (voluntary or mandatory) in which GM food products should be labeled.     

转NDR1基因烟草对赤星病和晚疫病的抗性增强

 NDR1(nonrace-specific disease resistance)基因在植物系统获得性抗性的信号传导途径中起着重要的作用,过量表达该基因的拟南芥对不同病原菌的抗性都有提高。利用PCR技术首次克隆了拟南芥Wassilewskija生态型的NDR1基因,与Columbia生态型相比,该基因共有7处碱基不同,引起编码氨基酸变化4处。构建了植物高效表达载体,利用农杆菌介导法转化烟草,经PCR和Southern鉴定,外源基因已整合到植物基因组中。随机挑选10个转基因株系进行抗病性分析,其中3个株系对赤星病和晚疫病的抗性明显增强。     

Comparisons of Three Recurrent Selection Methods in the Improvement of Maize Populations

The maize population Csyn 4 was improved for three cycles with three recurrent selection methods MS1, MS1-HS, and MHSRRS in northern China. A total of 40 NC Ⅱ testcrosses were made by four testers with Csyn 4 and 10 improved populations, which were evaluated in four environments in the cropping season of 2005. Analysis of variance indicated a significant progress （P〈 0.05） in yield and other chief agronomic traits in the improved populations and testcrosses, demonstrating that the three recurrent selection methods were effective for increasing grain yield of testcrosses and improvement of general combining ability in maize population. The average grain yield increase of population Csyn 4 in MS1, MS1-HS, and MHSRRS recurrent selections was 266.7 kg ha^-1 （5.3%）, 288.0 kg ha^-1 （5.7%）, and 231.3 kg ha^-1 （4.6%） per cycle, while the grain yield of S 1 progeny of population for Csyn 4 was increased by 420.0 kg ha^-1 （10.9%）, 376.0 kg ha^-1 （9.8%）, and 414.7 kg ha^-1 （10.8%） per cycle in MS1, MS1-HS, and MHSRRS recurrent selections, respectively. Linear responses （b） in the MS1, MS1-HS, and MHSRRS recurrent selections were the same as the realized responses of the selection （G） for grain yield increase of Csyn 4 and S1 progeny of the populations. The grain yield of testcrosses increased by 3.3-5.2% on average per cycle. The value of heterosis did not display any differences amongst the different cycles of selections. The GCA for yield component traits of population Csyn 4 was improved significantly by means of three selection methods, whereas the GCA for plant height, ear height, days to silking, and days to pollen did not show significant increase in the recurrent selections. GCA for the number of tassel branches were decreased in the selections, while GCA for the number of plant leaves were increased, but the difference was not significant.