Inverse Modeling to Quantify Irrigation System Characteristics and Operational Management

Remotely sensed (RS) data is a major source to obtain spatialdata required for hydrological models. The challenge for thefuture is to obtain besides the more direct observable data(landcover, leaf area index, digital elevation model andevapotranspiration), non-visible data such as soilcharacteristics, groundwater depth and irrigation practices.In this study we have explore the option of using inversemodeling to obtain these non-RS-visible data. For a commandarea in Haryana, India, we applied for the 2000–2001 rabiseason a RS-GIS-combined inverse modeling approach to derivenon-RS-visible data required in the regional application ofhydrological models. A Genetic Algorithm loaded stochasticphysically based soil-water-atmosphere-plant model (SWAP) wasdeveloped for the inverse problem and used in the study. Theresults showed good agreement with the inventoried data suchas soil hydraulic properties, sowing dates, groundwaterdepths, irrigation practices and water quality. The deriveddata could be used to predict the state of the system at anytime in the cropping season, which can be used to evaluateoperational management strategies.     

遗传算法在离心泵叶片优化设计中的应用

对遗传算法在流体机械优化设计中的应用现状作了较为全面的总结；提出了将遗传算法应用于离心泵叶片优化设计中，分析了遗传算法在离心泵优化设计中应用的可行性以及存在的问题；对离心泵优化设计的发展提出了一些新建议和尝试。     

长江江苏段岸线及岸线资源综合评

通过长江江苏段河道的演变，评价了江苏长江岸线的确定性及岸线资源条件,分析了长江江苏段岸线资源开发利用现状及存在问题，提出了岸线利用原则。在长江江苏段岸线利用过程中，还存在河势不稳定，布局不合理，重大岸线开发工程缺乏足够的科学论证和水污染严重等问题，提出遵照河道演变规律开发岸线，保护河岸工程的安全，制定权威的岸线功能区划和开发利用规划，实行岸线有偿使用。根据河岸水质污染与河床特点合理布置引水口和排污口，提高引水质量。     

遗传神经网络在温室黄瓜霜霉病预测中的应用

在神经网络结构的优化、连续权重的训练中采用遗传算法的方法对日光温室黄瓜霜霉病进行预测，并对其发生程度进行了拟合，计算值与实际值接近，表明该模型具有良好的预测效果。     

乌苏里拟鲿(Pseudobagrus ussuriensis)同工酶分析

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳方法,对黑龙江水系乌苏里拟鲿(Pseudobagrus ussuriensis)心、肝、肾、眼、肌肉和性腺共6种组织进行了9种同工酶(ADH、EST、G6PDH、GDH、IDH、LDH、MDH、POD、SOD)的分析。结果表明,乌苏里拟鲿EST、GDH、IDH、POD同工酶谱中存在不同程度的组织特异性,EST表现出明显的性别差异性。共记录19个基因位点,多态位点百分数P=21.05%,种群遗传偏离指数d=-1,该乌苏里拟鲿种群内部杂合子缺失较严重,偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡,遗传多样性较低。     

Contribution of sewage sludge to erosion control in the rehabilitation of limestone quarries

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of high doses of municipal sludge on soil aggregation and to assess its value for soil erosion reduction, both under natural and in simulated rainfall conditions. Doses of 200 and 400 Mg ha⁻¹ sewage sludge (dry weight) were applied to the soil of experimental plots situated on a 28 degree slope. Two sludge application procedures were tested: pre-mixing into the soil before disposal on the slope, and direct application on the soil surface. Sheet erosion was measured by collecting the sediment carried down to a Gerlach trough situated at the base of the plots. Simulated rainfall, with an intensity of 64 mm h⁻¹, was applied to evaluate soil erodibility. When the soil had no vegetation, the erosion measured on plots treated with sludge represented less than 10 per cent of the erosion from the control plot. Even when the vegetation was well developed, the erosion was also lower in the plots where sludge had been applied. In simulated rainfall, the soil loss was inversely proportional to the sludge dose, and when sludge was applied directly on the soil surface the erosion rates and particle mobilization caused by raindrop impact were minimal. Sludge amendments increase infiltration rates and improve soil structure, increasing the mean weight diameter of aggregates and their water resistance.     

大豆油脂脂肪酸含量与主要农艺性状的遗传相关及通径分析

选用2份吉林省主推的大豆品种,3份引自美国的低亚麻酸材料作为杂交亲本,2000年按Griffing方法2进行双列杂交,估算了5种油脂脂肪酸含量与主要农艺性状的遗传相关及对单株粒重、百粒重的通径系数.结果表明:表型相关系数与遗传相关系数非常接近.棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚麻酸含量和百粒重的遗传相关均为正值,亚麻酸含量与百粒重呈极显著的正相关,而亚油酸含量与百粒重的遗传相关为负值,通过百粒重可以对亚麻酸和亚油酸进行间接选择.油酸、亚麻酸对单株粒重的直接效应与遗传相关的表现相一致.亚油酸对单株粒重的直接正效应主要被油酸、亚麻酸的间接负效应所掩盖,使得亚油酸的直接效应与遗传相关表现相反.棕榈酸、硬脂酸、亚油酸对百粒重的直接效应与遗传相关的表现一致.油酸、亚麻酸对百粒重的直接通径系数与遗传相关的表现不一致,主要是被亚油酸的正向效应所掩盖.因此可通过百粒重进行间接选择,以达到低亚麻酸育种目标,同时也可提高亚油酸含量.     

不同栽培类型蓝莓遗传多样性的SSR分析

以南方地区的蓝莓品种为主要对象,利用SSR标记分析现有品种种质的遗传多样性。设计合成了56对蓝莓SSR分子标记引物,进行扩增和多态性引物筛选,将多态性好的引物用于66份蓝莓不同类型种质的遗传多样性分析。结果表明,56对引物均能扩增出预期大小条带,其中条带清晰多态性较好的引物为25对,占比引物数的44.64%,多数引物扩增的位点数在5~7个之间。25对引物在66份蓝莓供试种质中检测多态性,共检测到165个等位变异,平均每个位点有6.6个等位变异,PIC值变幅为0.656~0.947,平均值为0.777。多态性最好的引物Vc26可以检测到15个等位基因数目。北方高丛、南方高丛和兔眼类型66份蓝莓种质的遗传相似系数位于0.60~0.96之间,品种间遗传差异较丰富。利用UPGMA聚类将3种类型种质进行分析,发现除了兔眼类型品种‘红粉佳人’外,其余明显分为3个类群,且同一类型的种质基本聚在一起。结合不同类型种质的系谱分析,发现分类与品种种质的遗传成分相似有一定的相关。研究利用SSR分子标记揭示了蓝莓不同类型种质的遗传多样性,对今后杂交育种亲本选择利用有一定借鉴意义。     

贵州柑桔黄龙病菌两个原噬菌体位点遗传多样性分析

为研究贵州柑桔黄龙病菌（‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’）遗传多样性,分析了54份病原菌株系在两个原噬菌体位点上的变异情况。结果显示不同地理来源病原菌株系在两位点上扩增情况不同,扩增条带之间序列亦存在碱基的变异及序列的插入/缺失;不同海拔区域原噬菌体类型及组合的情况不同;结合同源性分析,得出贵州南部‘Ca. L. asiaticus’ 菌群存在2种或多种原噬菌体类型的可能,田间存在不同菌系混合侵染,来源相对复杂。     

贵州野生枇杷资源遗传多样性的ISSR分析

本文采用ISSR标记,构建了贵州39份野生枇杷种质的DNA指纹图谱,并对其遗传多样性进行了评价。结果表明,以筛选出的15条引物进行PCR扩增,获得清晰、重复性好的谱带125条,其中多态性谱带108条,多态性比例为86.4%;应用引物815、825和841的组合,构建了39份枇杷种质的ISSR指纹图谱,可以有效区分所有供试材料;15条引物的谱带数据聚类分析表明,供试种质的遗传相似性系数为0.40~0.98,在相似性系数为0.70时,可将供试种质分成五大类。聚类结果与种质表型相关,与地理分布的相关性不明显。