Follicular dynamics and changes in oestradiol‐17β, progesterone and LH profiles following PGF2α induced oestrus in early and late ovulating Beetal goats

This study compares the factors associated with variable interval to oestrus and ovulation between early versus late ovulating goats following PGF_2α administration. The time of ovulation in Beetal goats (n = 38) was monitored through transrectal ultrasound at every 6 hr following a single dose of PGF_2α (experiment 1). Variations in oestrus and ovulation times were further explored through the changes in follicular dynamics, endocrine profiles and behaviour in another set of goats (n = 13) following single PGF_2α given randomly during the luteal phase (experiment 2). The ovulation time varied between 60 and 96 hr, and 57% of ovulations occurred by 72 hr following PGF_2α (experiment 1). Accordingly, the goats (n = 13) in the second experiment were retrospectively divided either into early and/or late ovulating, that is, ≤72 and/or ≥84 hr following PGF_2α. The onset of oestrus, peak estradiol‐17β concentration and LH surge after PGF_2α was first observed in early than late ovulating goats (p < 0.05). The goats ovulating early had larger follicle and smaller CL in diameter at the time of PGF_2α administration than those ovulating late (5.4 ± 0.2 vs. 4.3 ± 0.2 mm and 10 ± 0.6 vs. 11.8 ± 0.3 mm, respectively; p < 0.05). Likewise, plasma progesterone concentration tended to be lower (p = 0.087) in early than late ovulating goats. In conclusion, the size of dominant follicle and CL at the time of PGF_2a determines the interval to ovulation following a single dose of PGF_2a during the luteal phase.     

Proteomics analysis of preadipocytes between fat and lean broilers

ABSTRACT

1. Reducing excessive chicken body fat deposition is a main goal of the poultry industry. Preadipocytes are important in adipose tissue growth and development.

2. To discover proteins related to chicken fat deposition, two-dimensional fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis (2-D DIGE) was used to identify differentially expressed proteins in preadipocytes derived from Northeast Agricultural University broiler lines divergently selected for abdominal fat content (NEAUHLF).

3. A total of 46 differentially expressed protein spots were found in the preadipocytes between fat and lean broilers. Matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) analysis showed the protein spots corresponded to 33 different proteins. The proteins were mainly related to biological oxidation, cell proliferation, cytoskeleton, lipid metabolism, molecular chaperone, protein synthesis and signal transduction.

4. From the perspective of protein expression, these results lay a foundation for further study of the genetic mechanism of broiler adipose tissue growth and development.     

家蚕滞育卵浸酸后易溶性蛋白的表达差异分析

探明浸酸解除家蚕卵滞育的关联蛋白,可为改进和提高蚕种的人工孵化技术提供理论依据。以经2.5℃冷藏45 d的家蚕品种"7.湘×9.芙"滞育卵为材料,采用双向凝胶电泳和图像分析技术,比较浸酸与未浸酸蚕卵易溶性蛋白的差异变化。在未浸酸蚕卵的双向电泳图谱中共检测到523个蛋白质斑点,其中特异性蛋白质斑点41个;浸酸卵共检测到526个蛋白质斑点,其中特异性蛋白质斑点44个。浸酸与未浸酸蚕卵能相互匹配的蛋白质斑点有482对,匹配率91.897%。经对比分析,浸酸活化后的蚕卵蛋白出现了一些特异性的蛋白质斑点,或某些蛋白质斑点在含量上出现了差异变化。     

应用于家蚕F2代分离群体的两种连锁作图方法的作图效果比较

构建精细的家蚕分子连锁图谱需要合适的作图方法。应用Mapmaker/EXP3.0和F2lnkgsilk两种作图方法,对家蚕F2代91个个体为分离群体的300个AFLP标记和69个个体为分离群体的470个RAPD标记数据进行了比较分析。用F2lnkgsilk作图方法分析得到的分群数与Mapmaker/EXP3.0作图方法相比有所增加,而总的图距却显著增加,平均图距也有较大的增加,但产生的二联体数基本相同。就单个连锁群而言,两种作图分析方法的连锁标记及其数目80%以上相同,但是标记间的排列顺序70%以上有差异;用F2lnkgsilk作图方法分析得到的单个连锁群的总图距和平均图距也相应增大。     

O型口蹄疫病毒P1-2A3C基因在家蚕杆状病毒表达系统中的表达

口蹄疫是一种严重危害畜牧业生产的烈性传染病。为了促进O型口蹄疫病毒(FMDV)基因工程活载体疫苗的研制,选取O型FMDV编码序列中的衣壳蛋白前体P1-2A基因和蛋白酶3C基因,插入家蚕杆状病毒转移载体pVL1393中,构建重组载体pVL-P1-2A3C,并与线性化病毒Bm-BacPAK6 DNA共转染家蚕BmN细胞,获得重组病毒Bm-P1-2A3C。将重组病毒感染家蚕5龄幼虫,以双抗体夹心ELISA法和间接血凝方法检测血淋巴中的表达产物:目的蛋白在感染病毒后120 h的蚕血淋巴中表达量最高,抗原表达呈阳性的最大稀释倍数为1∶128。结果显示O型FMDV的P1-2A3C基因已在家蚕体内获得表达。     

盐胁迫对碱茅幼苗叶片内源激素、NAD激酶及Ca2+-ATPase的效应

为了研究盐渍生境对盐生植物碱茅Puccinellia chinampoensis体内部分信号分子的影响,采用不同浓度NaCl溶液处理碱茅植株,对幼苗叶片中部分信号分子及相关蛋白测定和分析.结果发现,低盐下碱茅无胁迫反应,高盐胁迫下,碱茅脱落酸(ABA)含量升高,生长素(IAA)、赤霉素(GA)含量均下降,细胞分裂素(ZR)含量趋于稳定;碱茅NAD激酶(NADKase)活性升高,提高代谢调节能力;同时Ca2 -ATPase活性增加,是对盐胁迫引起Ca2 浓度升高而做出的胁迫反应.表明了碱茅通过胞间信号相对含量的变化,调节NADKase活性、Ca2 -ATPase活性,提高耐盐能力.     

鸭腔上囊胚胎及胚后发育期凋亡相关蛋白的免疫组化分析

研究天府肉鸭腔上囊胚胎及胚后发育期Bcl-2、Bax、Fas、FasL蛋白的表达。将20只天府肉鸭分为4组,即24天胚龄(E24),胚后3、8、29周龄(P3、P8、P29),采用免疫组化技术。结果显示,Bcl-2、Bax、Fas、FasL在各组滤泡淋巴细胞中均有表达,FasL还表达于滤泡间上皮。滤泡皮质和髓质淋巴细胞Bcl-2阳性率呈递减的变化趋势(髓质P3～8除外);皮质和髓质淋巴细胞Bax阳性率在E24～P8恒定,P29上升;皮质和髓质淋巴细胞Bcl-2/Bax值呈下降趋势,但皮质在P3～8恒定,髓质在P3～8上升;滤泡皮质和髓质淋巴细胞Fas阳性率在E24～P3上升,P3～8下降,P8～29上升;皮质和髓质淋巴细胞FasL阳性率变化规律与Fas相似,但皮质在P3～8恒定。滤泡皮质淋巴细胞Bcl-2阳性率及Bcl-2/Bax值在E24～P8明显高于髓质,在P29则显著低于髓质;皮质淋巴细胞Bax阳性率在E24～P8与髓质无显著差异,在P29则明显高于髓质;皮质淋巴细胞Fas和FasL阳性率在E24～P8明显低于髓质,在P29则显著高于髓质。结果提示,Bcl-2、Bax、Fas、FasL是鸭腔上囊胚胎及胚...     

猪皮炎肾病综合征组织病理学和PCR诊断

应用病理学和PCR方法,对浙江某猪场送检的疑似猪皮炎肾病综合征（PDNS）病猪进行诊断。结果发现肾脏呈现纤维蛋白性肾小球肾炎变化,真皮及皮下血管表现为坏死性脉管炎,淋巴组织中大量淋巴细胞缺失、多核巨细胞浸润,PCR扩增产物显示猪圆环病毒2型（PCV-2）阳性。结果表明,该猪场感染了PCV-2,并表现为PDNS的病理特征。     

Evaluation of Nociception,Sedation, and Cardiorespiratory Effects of a Constant Rate Infusion of Xylazine Alone or in Combination with Lidocaine in Horses

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a constant rate infusion (CRI) of xylazine or xylazine in combination with lidocaine on nociception, sedation, and physiologic values in horses. Six horses were given intravenous (IV) administration of a loading dose (LD) of 0.55 mg/kg of xylazine followed by a CRI of 1.1 mg/kg/hr. The horses were randomly assigned to receive three treatments, on different occasions, administered 10 minutes after initiation of the xylazine CRI, as follows: control, physiologic saline; lidocaine low CRI (LLCRI), lidocaine (LD: 1.3 mg/kg, CRI: 0.025 mg/kg/min); and lidocaine high CRI (LHCRI), lidocaine (LD: 1.3 mg/kg, CRI: 0.05 mg/kg/min). A blinded observer assessed objective and subjective data for 50 minutes during the CRIs. In all treatments, heart and respiratory rates decreased, end-tidal carbon dioxide concentration increased, and moderate to intense sedation was observed, but no significant treatment effect was detected in these variables. Ataxia was significantly higher in LHCRI than in the control treatment at 20 minutes of infusion. Compared with baseline values, nociceptive threshold increased to as much as 79% in the control, 190% in LLCRI, and 158% in LHCRI. Nociceptive threshold was significantly higher in LLCRI (at 10 and 50 minutes) and in LHCRI (at 30 minutes) than in the control treatment. The combination of CRIs of lidocaine with xylazine produced greater increases in nociceptive threshold compared with xylazine alone. The effects of xylazine on sedation and cardiorespiratory variables were not enhanced by the coadministration of lidocaine. The potential to increase ataxia may contraindicate the clinical use of LHCRI, in combination with xylazine, in standing horses.     

Effect of dietary Schizochytrium microalga oil and fish oil on plasma cholesterol level in rats

The purpose of the study was to test the hypothesis that the dietary oils with different content of n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) affect plasma lipid level in rats in a different degree. The diets with 6% of fish oil (FO) and Schizochytrium microalga oil (SchO; EPA+DHA content in the diets 9.5 + 12.3 and 2.6 + 29.5% of the sum of total fatty acids, respectively) were used; the diet with 6% of safflower oil (high content of n‐6 PUFA linoleic acid, 65.5%; EPA+DHA content 0.7 + 0.9%) was used as a control. The difference between FO and SchO was established only in the case of plasma triacylglycerol (TAG) level: plasma TAG of the FO‐fed rats did not differ from the control rats (p > 0.05), while SchO decreased (p < 0.05) plasma TAG to 46% of the control. On the other hand, FO and SchO decreased (p < 0.05) total plasma cholesterol (TC) in rats in the same extent, to 73% of the control. Regarding the underlying mechanisms for the TC decrease, both SchO and FO up‐regulated hepatic Insig‐1 gene (181 and 133% of the control; p < 0.05), which tended (p = 0.15 and p = 0.19 respectively) to decrease the amount of hepatic nSREBP‐2 protein (61 and 66% of the control). However, neither SchO nor FO influenced hepatic 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methyl‐glutaryl‐CoA reductase gene expression (p > 0.05); SchO (but not FO) increased (p < 0.05) low‐density lipoprotein receptor mRNA in the liver. It was concluded that the decrease of total plasma cholesterol might be caused by an increased cholesterol uptake from plasma into the cells (in the case of SchO), but also by other (in the present study not tested) mechanisms.