Selective Dissolution Analysis of Major and Trace Elements in an Allophanic Andisol Acidified by Long‐Term Fertilizer Application

A long‐term (61 years) experimental field was used to examine the effect of acidification on the chemical composition of an allophanic Andisol in northeastern Japan. The pH values of the 1:10 water extract of the plow layer soils were 4.1, 4.7, and 6.2 for three fertilizer application treatments: chemical fertilizers only (CF), CF and compost (CFC), and CFC with liming, respectively. Three batch dissolution analyses were conducted to determine water‐soluble and exchangeable (D1), D1 plus, inorganically bound elements to noncrystalline clays and organically bound elements (D2), and total concentration of elements (TCE, 45 elements). The D1 fraction of 20 elements increased, and that of eight decreased with acidification. The D2 fraction of lithium increased, and that of eight elements decreased with acidification. Because the D2 fraction of many other elements and TCE were not strongly altered, present acidification of this soil can be restored with liming and other necessary amendments.     

黄芪多糖注射液中非法添加林可霉素检查方法的研究

为建立黄芪多糖注射液中非法添加林可霉素的检查方法,采用薄层色谱法初筛出黄芪多糖注射液中非法添加林可霉素的样品,而后用HPLC-PDAD法检测,液相色谱条件:采用Atlantis~#174;T 3(十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶,4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),流动相为0.02 mol/L的磷酸氢二铵-乙腈(70∶30),流速为1.0 m L/min,检测波长为194 nm,最后用LC-MS法进行确证。结合薄层色谱、高效液相色谱光谱图以及质谱的分子离子峰等方面信息,证明该样品中确实非法添加了林可霉素,其中HPLC-PDAD法平均回收率为97.8%,RSD为1.4%,检出限为6μg/m L。该检测方法准确可靠,可用于黄芪多糖注射液中非法添加林可霉素的检测。     

玉米芯和桉木的低温热解特性

为实现生物质资源的分级综合利用,该文采用热重分析仪和裂解气质联用仪进行了对玉米芯和桉木低温热解特性的研究。试验结果表明不同生物质原料低温快速热解产物有明显差异,玉米芯的低温快速热解产物主要有乙酸、2,3-二氢-苯并呋喃和2-甲氧基-4-乙烯基苯酚,而桉木的产物主要是乙酸、糠醛和5,6-二氢-4-羟基-吡喃-2-酮。生物质低温快速热解产物种类较少,分布较为集中,玉米芯和桉木的酸类、呋喃类,桉木的吡喃类热解产物相对含量随温度上升而降低。生物质低温热解能有效分解其半纤维素,这为降低中温热解油的酸性和水分提供了理论指导。     

超高效液相色谱串联质谱法同时检测复杂基质中四环素类抗生素及其代谢产物

为同时检测复杂基质中（由猪粪和蘑菇渣混合而成的堆肥原料）3种四环素类抗生素（四环素TC、土霉素OTC和金霉素CTC）及其代谢产物,建立了超高效液相色谱串联质谱检测方法（UPLC—MS／MS）。该方法同时采用pH值=4的Na2EDTA-Mellvaine缓冲溶液和乙腈为提取溶液,经过固相萃取净化后,以乙腈和0．1％的甲酸水溶液为流动相,采用超高效液相色谱柱进行分离,在电喷雾正离子模式下,用四极杆串联质谱仪进行定性和定量分析。3种四环素类抗生素及其代谢产物均在7min内完成分离,总共分析时间为12min。在0-6mg·kg^-1DW（Dryweight）浓度范围内,3种四环素类抗生素及其代谢产物的标准曲线线性良好,线性相关系数R2均大于0．9960,重现l生也较好（n=11,相对标准偏差均小于15％）。在3个加标水平0．2mg·kg^-1DW、1mg·kg^-1DW和4mg·kg^-1DW下,TC、OTC、CTC的回收率分别为71％-89％、66％～94％和66％～84％;去甲基金霉素（DMCTC）的回收率为52％-64％;差向异构产物的回收率在32％～51％之间;脱水产物以及差向脱水产物的回收率均低于30％。3种四环素类抗生素及其代谢产物的检出限和定量限分别在1．668～17．270μg·kg^-1和5．561—45．918μg·kg^-1范围内,表明该方法具有较高的灵敏度。对北京市某露天堆肥场中的样品进行测定发现,TC、OTC、CTC的浓度分别为0．4、1．6、2．9mg·kg^-1,检测到的代谢产物主要为相应的差向异构体,其中差向金霉素（ECTC）的浓度最高,达到2．7mg·kg^-1,和母体的含量水平比较接近,其他代谢产物也有不同程度的检出。     

基于nanoUPLC-MS/MS的螺旋藻游离肽组成分析

为了研究螺旋藻中的多肽成分,以钝顶螺旋藻为原料,采用超滤法提取螺旋藻中的游离肽,利用nanoUPLC-MS/MS和PEAKS Studio分析谱图信息,结合NCBI数据库进行比对和从头测序分析,获得游离肽的结构组成和百分含量信息。结果表明,利用数据库比对法和从头测序法,分别得到可信的游离肽4 485个和20 597个,匹配到的蛋白质有1 036种。数据库比对结果中的游离肽主要为七肽到二十一肽,少量为二十一肽以上;从头测序结果中游离肽主要为二肽到十六肽,少量为十六肽以上。数据库比对结果中百分含量最高的游离肽是十肽,为15.95%;从头测序结果中百分含量最高的是五肽,达到24.09%。本研究结果为螺旋藻蛋白资源的进一步开发和利用提供了依据。     

How do earthworms influence organic matter quantity and quality in tropical soils?

Earthworms are important regulators of soil structure and soil organic matter (SOM) dynamics; however, quantifying their influence on SOM cycling in tropical ecosystems remains little studied. Simulated rainfall was used to disrupt casts produced by Amynthas khami and their surrounding soil (control) into a range of small sized aggregates (50-250, 250-500, 500-2000 and 2000-5000 μm). To gain insight into how earthworms influence SOM biogeochemical composition in the aggregates, we carried out elemental and stable isotope analysis, and analytical pyrolysis (Py GC/MS). We also characterized their lignin component after oxidation with cupric oxide (CuO).The C content of smaller size fractions (<500 μm) in the control soil was higher than in the larger fractions. Our study therefore suggests that the aggregate hierarchy concept, which is used to understand soil aggregates and SOM dynamics in temperate soils, may not be applicable to the tropical Acrisol studied here. Earthworms modified SOM organization in soil aggregates. Although the isotope analyses were useful for highlighting SOM enrichment in the earthworm casts, aggregate fractions could not be classified according to particle size. Molecular analyses were necessary to indicate that SOM in all size fractions of casts consisted of relatively undecomposed material. Protection of the most labile SOM structures occurred in the smallest aggregate size fraction (50-250 μm). Py GC/MS showed that earthworm casts and control aggregates <2000 μm could be clearly distinguished according to the molecular properties of their SOM. Aggregates larger than 2000 μm, however, were most probably composed of all fractions and were not different. As a consequence, our results indicate that studies to determine the impact of earthworms on SOM turnover in soil are spatially dependant on the scale of observation.     

籼型三系不育系水稻花时滞候解除研究Ⅰ 花时化学调控的作用效应

当不育系抽穗５％和４０％时，每公顷分别喷施花信灵４５０ｇ．加水５２５ｋｇ：或在不育系幼穗分化第７期和第８期时，每公顷分别喷４５ｇ调花宝。对水６００ｋｇ．结果表明。花信灵和调花宝均能明显增加不育系的午前花、柱头外露以及异交结实率等良好效应，提高制种产量。     

蟠桃采后贮藏前后香气成分变化的研究

[目的]分析研究采后新疆蟠桃在贮藏前后期果实香气成分的变化.[方法]采用顶空-固相微萃取( HS - SPME)与气-质联用(GC - MS)技术对蟠桃果实香气成分进行提取和分析;比较溶剂萃取(LLE)、水蒸气蒸馏(SDE)和HS - SPME 3种提取方法对蟠桃香气成分分析的影响.[结果]HS - SPME最佳萃取条件为萃取头50/30μm DVB/CAR/PDMS灰色,萃取时间40 min,萃取温度50℃;HS - SPME - GC - MS在蟠桃果实贮藏前后期分别检测出53和44种挥发性物质.[结论]贮藏前后期蟠桃果实所含的挥发性成分有较大的差异,作为蟠桃香气的特征组分酯类和内酯类物质在贮藏第4周后含量显著减少.     

藤本月季组织培养快繁研究

该文是对最新引进的荷兰优良藤本月季进行组织培养快速繁殖研究.经过试验对比,筛选出适合多数品种增殖分化的培养基及生根培养基.最佳的继代增殖培养基为MS+6BA0.5～1.0mg·L-1,适宜的生根培养基为1/2MS+IBA0.2mg·L-1,生根率达100%.在试管苗的移栽试验中摸索了移栽基质等与成活率的关系,使移栽成活率达98%以上.