异源表达菊芋HtHCT基因对受体植物木质素相关生理生化指标的影响

羟基肉桂酰辅酶A:莽草酸/奎宁酸羟基肉桂酰转移酶（HCT）是木质素合成过程中的关键酶之一。本研究构建了菊芋HtHCT基因的植物表达载体pCAMBIA1390-HtHCT,分别对拟南芥和本氏烟进行遗传转化,并对转基因植株进行生理生化指标测定。PCR和RT-PCR结果表明,HtHCT基因已经插入到受体植物基因组中,并能进行转录;转基因植株生理生化指标检测表明,HtHCT基因能够调节拟南芥和本氏烟中木质素的含量及组成,并对受体材料的类黄酮合成亦有一定的影响。     

Explaining urban governance in the midst of political transformation: The city of Macao

This paper takes a close look at the urban governance and political culture of Macao, the world largest casino city. Macao has experienced spectacular economic growth since gaming liberalisation in 2002 and China's Free Individual Travel scheme launched in 2003. However, the booming gaming sector has crowded out other sectors of Macao. It has not only made the city's economy mono‐structured and consequently extremely vulnerable to external shocks and fluctuations but also induced serious social divisions and political controversies within the local community. By tracing the root cause of the ongoing dilemma and crisis in the mode of governance, the dynamic relationships between formal and informal institutions, consensus politics and the social group culture are intensively discussed in a historical context. In fact, the sustainable development of the former Portuguese colony has largely been hindered by its residents' passive attitudes toward political communication, non‐transparent urban governance, the absence of a middle class and the dominance of pro‐establishment social groups.     

中国不同地区烟草寄生疫霉(Phytophthora parasitica var. nicotianae)菌株的随即多态性DNA扩增分析

来自中国云南、辽宁、山东3省的烟草寄生疫霉（Phytophthora parasitica var.nicotianae)菌株的致病性已被划分为3种致病类型组，即强致病性组、中致病性组和弱致性组。上述省是中国的烟草主产区，选自云南省的15个烟草寄生疫霉菌株、山东省的13个烟草寄生霉菌株和辽宁省的20个烟草寄生疫霉菌株，选择3个烟草栽培品种在温室内进行接种试验测定不同菌株的致病性分化。提取受试菌株的DNA，利用PCR技术对受试苗菌株的模板DNA进行随机多态性扩增分析，对扩增DNA片段谱带借助于UPGMA分析法构建遗传树，结果表明，受试菌株被划分为4个遗传聚类组，每个遗传聚类组内包括不同的烟草寄生疫霉致病性菌株，而且来自于不同烟区相同的致病性菌株和每种致病性的不同菌株皆不属于同一个遗传聚类组内。结果表明RAPD－PCR的遗传标记分析结果与不同致病性组的划分未有明显的区别。因此，随机多态性DNA图谱的相同与不同不能当作区分来自不同烟区的烟草寄生疫霉的致病性分化的分子检测的工具。     

植物突变体库的作用及构建研究进展

发生突变的个体叫作突变体。突变体往往具有与野生型不同的表型,这样就为缺失组分的功能研究提供了有益的信息。主要介绍了植物突变体库的作用及构建方法,重点论述了自发突变体库、理化诱变突变体库及T-DNA插入突变体库的构建原理与特征,并对植物突变体库的研究前景进行了展望。     

Single step genomic evaluation for female fertility in Nordic Red dairy cattle

Joint Nordic (Denmark, Finland, Sweden) genetic evaluation of female fertility is currently based on the multiple trait multilactation animal model (BLUP). Here, single step genomic model (ssGBLUP) was applied for the Nordic Red dairy cattle fertility evaluation. The 11 traits comprised of nonreturn rate and days from first to last insemination in heifers and first three parities, and days from calving to first insemination in the first three parities. Traits had low heritabilities (0.015–0.04), but moderately high genetic correlations between the parities (0.60–0.88). Phenotypic data included 4,226,715 animals with records and pedigree 5,445,392 animals. Unknown parents were assigned into 332 phantom parent groups (PPG). In mixed model equations animals were associated with PPG effects through the pedigree or both the pedigree and genomic information. Genotype information of 46,914 SNPs was available for 33,969 animals in the pedigree. When PPG used pedigree information only, BLUP converged after 2,420 iterations whereas the ssGBLUP evaluation needed over ten thousand iterations. When the PPG effects were solved accounting both the pedigree and the genomic information, the ssGBLUP model converged after 2,406 iterations. Also, with the latter model breeding values by ssGBLUP and BLUP became more consistent and genetic trends followed each other well. Models were validated using forward prediction of the young bulls. Reliabilities and variance inflation of predicted genomic breeding values (values for parent averages in brackets) for the 11 traits ranged 0.22–0.31 (0.10–0.27) and 0.81–0.95 (0.83–1.06), respectively. The ssGBLUP model gave always higher validation reliabilities than BLUP, but largest increases were for the cow fertility traits.     

余庆县2006～2010年黑线姬鼠不同年龄组种群繁殖参数的变动规律

为进一步探讨黑线姬鼠不同年龄组种群繁殖参数的变动规律,采用夹夜法调查,收集鼠类标本。对贵州省余庆县2006～2010年捕获的701只黑线姬鼠(雌鼠327只,雄鼠374只)分析表明:黑线姬鼠种群总性比为0.87,不同年龄组种群性比存在一定差异。亚成年组、成年Ⅰ组、成年Ⅱ组、老年组均可参与繁殖,不同年龄组种群繁殖力存在显著差异,随着种群年龄的增长,怀孕率、胎仔数、繁殖指数、睾丸下降率不断增加,成年Ⅰ组、成年Ⅱ组、老年组是黑线姬鼠种群繁殖的主体,平均怀孕率为43.01%,平均胎仔数为5.11只,平均繁殖指数为0.9298,平均睾丸下降率为95.44%,均显著高于总体平均值。     

Connectivity,habitat, and flow regime influence fish assemblage structure: Implications for environmental water management in a perennial river of the wet–dry tropics of northern Australia

1. Environmental water management seeks to balance competing demands between the water needed to sustain human populations and their economic activities and that required to sustain functioning freshwater ecosystems and the species they support. It must be predicated on an understanding of the environmental, hydrological, and biological factors that determine the distribution and abundance of aquatic species.
2. The Daly River of the wet–dry tropics of northern Australia consists of a perennially flowing main stem and large tributaries, as well as many small to large naturally intermittent tributaries, and associated off‐channel wetlands. Increased groundwater abstraction to support irrigated agriculture during the dry season threatens to reduce dry‐season flows that maintain perenniality and persistence of freshwater fishes.
3. Fish assemblages were surveyed at 55 locations during the dry season over a 2‐year period with the goal of establishing the key landscape‐scale and local‐scale (i.e. habitat) drivers of fish species distribution.
4. Longitudinal (upstream/downstream) and lateral (river/floodplain) gradients in assemblage structure were observed with the latter dependent on the position in the river landscape. Underlying these gradients, stream flow intermittency influenced assemblage composition, species richness, and body size distributions. Natural constraints to dispersal were identified and their influence on assemblage structure was also dependent on position within the catchment.
5. Eight distinct assemblage types were identified, defined by differences in the abundance of species within five groups differing in functional traits describing body size, spawning requirements, and dispersal capacity. These functional groups largely comprised species widely distributed in northern Australia.
6. The results of the study are discussed with reference to the environmental flow needs of the Daly River and other rivers of northern Australia. The findings may also be applied to environmental flow management in savannah rivers elsewhere.

     

西宁市不同功能城区土壤重金属镉含量及形态研究

采取Tessier连续提取法,对西宁市不同功能城区土壤重金属镉的含量及形态分布进行研究。结果表明：西宁市各功能区土壤的全镉含量是全国土壤几何平均值的7.4-11.1倍,重金属镉污染比较严重;不同功能区中,不同形态的Cd分布有较大的差异;Cd以残渣态为主;矿冶区和开发区Cd的金属活性相对较强,具有一定的生物有效性和潜在的生态危害性。     

链霉菌702所产抑真菌物质理化性质的初步研究

用链霉菌702所产的抑真菌物质纯品进行了极性试验和官能团反应。极性试验表明该物质属于中性的非水溶性Ⅰ型抗生素;在官能团反应中,Molisch反应和Hopkins—Col反应呈阳性,表明该物质含有糖基和色氨酸,为进一步对该抑菌物质进行结构鉴定,提供了有益的实验依据。     

农药污染对微生物多样性的影响

介绍了土壤农药污染对微生物多样性的影响,并简单探讨了研究的发展方向。