就肃北县草原生态环境现状谈实施草原生态置换的必要性

草原退化、效益低下是当前生态环境保护、草原畜牧业发展中存在的突出矛盾.根据多次考查和多年积累的资料研究,认为肃北蒙古族自治县草原生态环境的主要问题是:水资源逐渐萎缩;水土流失和干旱灾害日趋严重;土地沙漠化不断扩大和蔓延;草原害鼠活动猖獗;草原载畜能力已超过临界放牧标准.现行的利用、保护对策对局部改善草原生态环境具有不可替代的作用,但弊端较多.从生态环境保护、牧区经济发展、西部大开发建设、牧民生产方式转变、社会稳定等诸方面论述了肃北实施草地生态置换工程的必要性和紧迫性.     

沉水植物苦草和轮叶黑藻对水环境的影响

为了研究沉水植物苦草和轮叶黑藻的对水环境的影响,在控制条件下单独种植苦草、轮叶黑藻和二者混种,笔者比较研究了苦草、苦草+黑藻、黑藻组合水体中总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)、铵氮(NH4+-N)、叶绿素a、总悬浮质(TSS)及总有机氮(TOC)浓度的区别。结果表明:苦草和轮叶黑藻对水环境的影响不同,单独种植苦草时,上覆水中总氮和氨氮含量高于其他处理,但总磷、叶绿素、TSS和TOC含量都低于轮叶黑藻单种和混种处理。研究结果说明,苦草对于降低上覆水中总磷和叶绿素含量作用优于轮叶黑藻,对维持水体水质有良好效果。     

河南省病死畜禽无害化集中处理体系建设实践

病死畜禽无害化处理工作事关养殖业安全、公共卫生安全和生态环境安全。河南省2013年实施病死畜禽无害化集中处理体系建设以来,已建成病死畜禽无害化集中处理场100个,日均处理能力1350t,病死畜禽收集点1990个,在政策扶持、机制创新、资金支持、执法监督等方面积累了丰富经验,创设了病死猪无害化处理与保险勘查理赔相挂钩的联动机制——“河南模式”,但也存在体系规划不合理、建设标准不高、政策不完善等问题。本文结合实际,提出制定法律法规、完善扶持政策、加强科技研发、加强宣传引导等建议,以期为深入推进病死畜禽无害化集中处理体系建设提供借鉴。     

鸽保健砂中主要矿物质元素含量及钙磷测定前处理方法的比较

为了解保健砂中主要矿物质元素的含量情况,试验采集了6省共11个地区的鸽保健砂产品,首先比较了用湿法消化、干法消化和酸溶解法对钙磷待测样品进行前处理的效果,分别按照GB/T 6436-2018和GB/T 6437-2018测定方法测定了样品中的Ca、P含量,接着采用GB/T 13885-2017方法测定了样品中Fe、Cu...     

武汉市农田生态环境保育补偿标准测算

 实地调研的基础上,运用条件价值评估法对武汉市农田生态环境保育的受益、保育方进行面对面的问卷调查,分析估算出受访者对武汉市农田生态环境的支付意愿和受偿意愿。对366份有效问卷进行分析表明:1)居民普遍认识到了保育农田生态环境的重要性,在对农药、化肥不同程度限制施用下,82.12%的受访市民对农田生态环境保育有支付意愿,74.45%的受访农户有受偿意愿;2)当化肥、农药施用在不同限制强度下,市民对农田生态环境保育的支付意愿和农户的受偿意愿均随着限制程度的增强而提高,市民对农田生态环境保育的补偿意愿为3 351.53～7 277.25元/hm2,农户的受偿意愿为3 866.55～7624.43元/hm2;3)市民支付意愿的高低与其性别、文化程度、婚姻状况和食品开支比例呈相关关系,农户的受偿意愿高低与其性别、年龄、从事农业年限和是否兼业相关。     

Prevalence and Characterization of Salmonella Isolated from Feral Pigs Throughout Texas

Feral pigs are one of the most abundant free‐roaming ungulates in the United States, yet their role in the ecology and transmission of foodborne pathogens is poorly understood. Our objectives were to estimate the prevalence of Salmonella shedding among feral pigs throughout Texas, to identify risk factors for infection, and to characterize the isolates. Faecal samples were collected from feral pigs in Texas from June 2013 through May 2015. Standard bacteriologic culture methods were used to isolate Salmonella from samples, and isolates were characterized via serotyping and anti‐microbial susceptibility testing. The prevalence of faecal Salmonella shedding among sampled pigs was 43.9% (194/442), with positive pigs originating from 50 counties. Pigs sampled during fall and summer were significantly more likely to be shedding Salmonella than pigs sampled during winter. High serovar diversity was evident among the isolates, and many of the detected serovars are leading causes of human salmonellosis. The most common serovars were Montevideo (10.0%), Newport (9.1%), and Give (8.2%). Resistance to anti‐microbial agents was rare. The burgeoning feral pig population in the United States may represent an emerging threat to food safety.     

Human Exposure to Rabid Free‐Ranging Cats: A Continuing Public Health Concern in Pennsylvania

Rabid free‐ranging cats have been a public health concern in Pennsylvania since raccoon variant rabies first was recognized in the state in the early 1980s. Over the last decade, between 1.5 and 2.5% of cats submitted to Pennsylvania's state laboratories for rabies testing have been positive. In this report, we describe the extent of rabies in free‐ranging cats in Pennsylvania. We also present two examples of human exposure to rabid free‐ranging cats that occurred in Pennsylvania during 2010–2011 and the public health actions taken to address rabies exposure in the humans and animals. We then describe the concerns surrounding the unvaccinated and free‐ranging cat population in Pennsylvania and possible options in managing this public and animal health problem.     

番鸭在南京地区的适应性观察

番鸭在南京地区进行冬、夏两批饲养,均有较强的适应性。试验结果表明:冬、夏两 批饲养的番鸭只平均重量差异不显著(P>0．05)。夏季与冬季的料重比分别为1:2．62和1: 3．07,冬季饲养的鸭子饲料利用率低,料重比大于夏季。冬季在塑料大棚中饲养番鸭精饲料减 少1／3,添加青粗饲料能达到同样的增重效果。温度与增重无相关关系,相对湿度与番鸭的增 重呈负相关(P<0．01)。鸭舍内平均温度在11．05℃-30．93℃之间,相对湿度在76．28％以 下,番鸭能正常生长发育。环境温度在9．8℃以下,番鸭的生长发育受阻,饲料利用率降低。相 对湿度在77％以上,其增重受到影响。特别在低温高湿的环境中,严重地影响番鸭的生长。在 相同的饲养期内,周平均温度9．8℃,平均相对湿度91％,番鸭周平均增重22 g,周平均温度 27．42℃,平均相对湿度71．29％,番鸭周平均增重355 g,相差333 g(P<0．01)。     

种植区环境对燕麦种质成株期白粉病抗性的影响

为探究种植区环境对燕麦种质成株期白粉病抗性的影响,利用相对抗病指数分别对种植在甘肃省半干旱区(甘肃农业大学兰州牧草试验站)和二阴地区(通渭县华家岭镇)的28份燕麦资源在田间自然感病条件的白粉病成株期抗性进行了鉴定和评价。结果表明:28份材料中4641和99AS207在两个试验点均表现为高抗,4607、Rigdon、DA92-3F4、青永久252、青永久9和青永久98等6份材料在两个试验点均表现为中抗,但4628、伽利略和青永久307在牧草站表现高抗白粉病,在华家岭表现高感,而709、青永久316、青永久49在牧草站高感白粉病,在华家岭表现高抗;所有参试材料中以4628的相对抗病指数变化最大,在华家岭和牧草站分别为0和0.92。结果表明种植区环境对燕麦白粉病抗性有显著影响,参试材料在半干旱地区的病害平均严重度高于二阴地区。