铜对鲤鱼损害的电镜X射线显微分析

用电镜X射线显微分析法,研究铜在鲤（Cyprinus carpio）肝细胞和肾细胞中的分布和相对含量,从细胞水平探讨鲤的铜中毒机理。结果表明,铜进入鲤体内后,在肝细胞、肾细胞的溶酶体中分布最多,溶酶体旁、细胞核次之,细胞质内最少,中毒组与正常组差异显著。鲤中毒后肝细胞核膜扩张、线粒体呈空泡状,溶酶体数量增多、体积增大;肾小管上皮细胞核膜扩张,线粒体肿胀,嵴断裂。     

温度对玉米螟赤眼蜂发育的影响

在实验室内以米蛾卵作寄主,观察了玉米螟赤眼蜂在5个恒温条件下(17,21,25,29,33℃)的发育羽化情况及成蜂寿命、产卵量和后代性比,实验中光照为14：10(L：D),相对湿度控制为75％．结果表明,玉米螟赤眼蜂完成一代所需的发育时间随温度的升高而减少,在17℃时完成一代需要25．12d,而在33℃时仅需要8．11d;在17～25℃成蜂羽化率最高,33℃时最低,其次是29℃;雌蜂的寿命在17℃时最长为219h,但随温度的升高而缩短,在33℃时仅为19．20h;在21．25℃范围内,雌蜂产卵量达到最高;所设定的5个温度条件下发育的雌蜂,其所产的后代中雌性均超过雄性,后代雌性百分率在17～29℃达到高峰,但在33℃时有所下降．     

Indicative properties of fly‐ash affected forest soils in Northeastern Germany

Many forest ecosystems in Germany are strongly influenced by emissions of pollutants like SO₂ and alkaline dusts. To quantify and evaluate the consequences of long‐term fly ash deposition on forest soils, a study was conducted in pine stands (Pinus sylvestris) in the Dübener Heide in Northeastern Germany. This forest area has been influenced mainly by emissions from coal‐fired power plants and the chemical industry of the industrial region Bitterfeld‐Wolfen‐Zschornewitz since the early 1900. The study sites are located along a fly ash deposition gradient of 8, 16, 14, 18, and 25 km away from the main emission source in Bitterfeld (sites 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively). Samples of the organic horizons (Oi, Oe, and Oa) and mineral topsoil (0—10 cm) were taken in fall 1998 and analyzed for their ferromagnetic susceptibility and total ash content. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X‐ray microanalysis (EDX) were performed on selected samples to differentiate between the pedogenic and atmospheric origin of the mineral components in the organic horizons. As a result of the long‐term deposition, ferromagnetic fly ash components are mainly accumulated in the Oe and Oa horizons of the forest soils studied. Ferromagnetic susceptibility was significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) in the Oe horizon of sites 1 and 2 compared to sites 3, 4, and 5. Unusually high total ash contents for organic horizons of > 74 % were determined in the Oa at all sites. SEM revealed 3 distinct features of persistent fly ash deposits from coal‐fired power plants within the organic horizons that can be defined as ”︁stable glasses” with magnetic properties, aluminum‐silicate‐minerals, and slag fragments. SEM and EDX indicated that a great portion of the mineral particles found in the organic horizons of forests soils influenced by fly ash are from atmospheric sources. For detection of atmospheric lignite‐derived deposition into forest soils, the Oe and Oa horizons have to be considered as specific diagnostic horizons because they show indicative properties for such soils.     

Estimation of the mode of inheritance of thermal tolerance in the guppy <Emphasis Type="Italic">Poecilia reticulata</Emphasis>

High water temperature influences the survival, growth, and maturation of fish. Genetically characterizing thermal tolerance is one of the most important subjects in fish culture. To identify the genetic characterization of thermal tolerance, this characteristic was compared among strains, and among parents and their offspring, in the guppy Poecilia reticulata. In the strain comparison, significant differences in survival rate were observed among the five strains examined, and between females and males. Females exhibited greater tolerance than males in four of five strains examined. In the comparison between parents and their offspring, stronger influence of female parent than of male parent was observed. Offspring obtained from surviving females exhibited greater tolerance than those from dead females. This tendency was typically observed in male offspring. The survival rate in male offspring obtained from dead female parents was lower than that of those from surviving females. The high-temperature tolerance of male parents did not influence this characteristic in offspring as strongly as that of female parents. These results suggest that the major gene or genes, which has a dominant resistant allele and a recessive sensitive allele, are probably passed on by sex-linked inheritance, located on the X chromosome.     

1+X 证书制度下宠物养护与驯导专业育人模式探析

在1+X证书制度下,以宠物养护与驯导专业为试点,积极探索和实践现代职业教育“产教融合、校企合作、工学结合、知行合一”的人才培养模式,以期提高本专业的育人质量。     

Phosphorus speciation of forest‐soil organic surface layers using P K‐edge XANES spectroscopy

The phosphorus (P) speciation of organic surface layers from two adjacent German forest soils with different degree of water‐logging (Stagnosol, Rheic Histosol) was analyzed by P K‐edge XANES and subsequent Linear Combination Fitting. In both soils, ≈ 70% of the P was inorganic phosphate and ≈ 30% organic phosphate; reduced P forms such as phosphonate were absent. The increased degree of water‐logging in the Histosol compared to the Stagnosol did not affect P speciation.     

利用磷进行铅污染土壤原位修复中需考虑的几个问题

由于土壤中磷与铅形成难溶性的磷酸铅类化合物[Pb5(PO4)3X,X=Cl-,OH-,F-等],利用不同廉价含磷物质进行铅污染土壤原位修复被认为是目前最好的铅污染土壤管理措施,受到国内外广泛关注。本文对目前国内外利用磷进行铅污染修复研究的现状进行了综述,对该研究领域中的关键问题,如磷酸铅类化合物形成的反应动力学过程控制、最佳pH、土壤中磷/铅摩尔比等进行了较深入的探讨,并展望了今后的研究方向,以期为铅污染土壤的修复及其效果评价提供参考。     

体细胞胚胎发生杂种马褂木造林密度试验

在福建省将乐国有林场,通过连续3a对引自南京林业大学培育的体细胞胚胎发生杂种马褂木密度试验幼林进行观测研究.结果表明体细胞胚胎发生杂种马褂木适生性强,3a生林分保存率达到99%以上.林分生长良好,3a生时平均树高、胸径分别为2.26 m和2.3 cm,具有良好的推广应用前景.不同造林密度对体细胞胚胎发生杂种马褂木幼林生长总体而言有着显著影响,这种影响在林分2a生后开始得以体现,3a生时影响达到极显著水平.     

菜豆种子普通细菌性疫病菌检测

 由Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. phaseoli和Xanthomonas fuscans subsp. fuscans引起的菜豆普通细菌性疫病是严重影响菜豆生产的限制因子之一,可造成严重的产量和品种损失。染菌种子是病原菌传播的主要途径。本研究对5个菜豆主要产区的60份菜豆种子样品进行普通细菌性疫病菌检测。在MT选择性培养基上有36份种子样品浸提液检测到目标病原菌, 种子样品带菌量为2.49×10²~5.20×10⁷ CFU/粒。选择36个分离物接种感病品种“英国红”植株,所有分离物均引起接种植株发病。特异PCR检测结果表明,有20个分离物为X. fuscans subsp. fuscans,16个分离物为X. axonopodis pv. phaseoli。试验结果表明,我国一些菜豆主产区商业种植和研究用种子多数污染普通细菌性疫病菌,建议建立无菌种子生产区和加强种子管理,以有效控制病害发生。     

基于情感管理的图书馆X低效率问题解决策略

X低效率理论使我们走出了管理认识的误区,一改过去认为投入与产出是线性关系、技术关系,而从经济心理学的视角看到了人性的重要性,使得情感管理的引入成为必然,同时员工惰性区域的存在也为情感管理的介入提供了理论基础。从人性入手,尊崇张扬人性,探讨图书馆中存在的低效率问题如何用情绪识别、压力管理和情感文化的引导等方式得以解决,不仅可以实现员工个人工作绩效的提高,效率的提升,同时还能改善图书馆的整体效率。