宁夏人工固沙林地红林蚁蚁巢结构及掘沙量的测定

2001—2002年以野外调查和室内饲养相结合的方法,对宁夏白芨滩自然保护区红林蚁蚁巢结构和掘沙量进行研究.结果表明:红林蚁蚁巢一般分布在灌木丛、树林、草丛和空地,大多建在地势平坦,向阳的地方。巢穴出口扁圆形,蚁丘团扇形,沙土常堆在巢穴出口的一侧.蚁巢深约5～35 cm,主隧道扁圆形.蚁巢在垂直方向上,通常分为3层.沿主隧道的不同深度,水平延伸为各级巢室,巢室间由隧道相互连通.不同月份蚁巢外掘沙量不同,不同小生境中蚁丘的沙量亦不同.饲养社群平均每只工蚁挖沙0.382 9 g/d,挖掘深度0.371 2 cm/d,横向扩展0.412 3 cm/d.     

Contribution of red wood ant mounds to forest floor CO2 efflux in boreal coniferous forests

Red wood ants (Formica rufa group) are important elements in boreal forest ecosystems, where they occur in high abundance and build large and long-lasting, above-ground mounds of organic material. However, little is known on their role in the carbon (C) cycling in boreal forests. We measured temperature and carbon dioxide (CO₂) efflux from three different-sized wood ant mounds and the surrounding forest floor from May 2004 to April 2005 in Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] dominated forests in eastern Finland. Additionally, mound and forest floor temperatures were measured continuously and CO₂ effluxes at 2-4-week-intervals. During the ants’ active season (May-September), measurements were conducted in the morning, afternoon, evening and at night, while fluxes were measured once a day during the ants’ inactive season. CO₂ emissions from the mounds were up to nearly eight times higher than those from the surrounding forest floor during the active season of the ants, but no statistically significant differences were observed during the period from October to February. Both mound and forest floor CO₂ fluxes were highly correlated to mound or forest floor temperature. Based on our measurements, we are able to estimate the annual CO₂ efflux from ant mounds and the surrounding forest floor, based on nonlinear regression analyses using CO₂ flux as dependant and mound or forest floor temperatures as independent variables. Although red wood ant mounds were found to be “hot spots” for CO₂ efflux, that increase the spatial heterogeneity of C emissions within a forest ecosystem, their annual emissions were only 0.30% of that from the forest floor. Thus, our results indicate that red wood ant mounds do not directly contribute significantly to the overall C budget of the boreal forest ecosystem studied.     

AN OBSERVATION OF FORMICA FUKAII WHEELER PREDATORY BEHAVIOR IN MONGOLIAN SCOTS PINE STANDS

The pine sawfly(Acantholyda posticalis Matsumura)is a serious pest of Pinussylvestris;P.tabylae formis and P.koraiensis.Chemical contros has been generally applied,butcausde a lot of problems.We first found Formica fkaii(new record in China).The ants nesting onCarex sp.preying on pine sawflies is an important predator.When nests are removed on purpose,the ant's behavior is normal and the nest are expanded.It is a dominant species and a natural ene-my of pine sawfly in Nehe County.     

不同温度对养殖日本黑褐蚁的影响

不同温度对日本黑褐蚁（ＦｏｒｍｉｃａｊａｐｏｎｉｃａＭｏｔｓｃｈｕｌｓｋｙ）有不同的影响,在不同温度下养殖日本黑褐蚁,１６ｈ后测定其超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）、过氧化物酶（ＰＯＤ）活力,脂质过氧化产物（ＭＤＡ）含量、呼吸强度和存活率。在－５℃和４６℃下存活率都明显低于对照,其机理为致死高温在短时间内首先降低了呼吸酶活性,呼吸强度下降;而低温致死的主要原因是呼吸酶、ＳＯＤ、ＰＯＤ等酶活性下降,呼吸强度降低,ＭＤＡ升高引起的。结果表明：上述测定值与存活率和其活动强度密切相关。－５℃低温和４６℃高温对其有严重的伤害作用,其适宜温区为１０～４０℃。最适温度为２５～３５℃。     

Seasonal and diurnal CO2 efflux from red wood ant (Formica aquilonia) mounds in boreal coniferous forests

Organic mounds of the red wood ants (Formica rufa group; RWA) have been shown to be “hot spots” of carbon dioxide (CO₂) efflux from the European forest soils. However, little information is available on the variability of CO₂ effluxes from RWA mounds and on the factors regulating CO₂ efflux. We assessed the seasonal and diurnal changes in CO₂ effluxes, temperatures and volumetric water contents from mounds of Formica aquilona, the important RWA of the boreal forests in Finland. The daily average CO₂ efflux from RWA mounds ranged 1.1-6.9 g CO₂ m⁻² h⁻¹ during the active ant season (May-September), and from 0.2 to 1.1 g CO₂ m⁻² h⁻¹ during their dormant period (October-April). Mound CO₂ efflux from May to September was 3.6-6.0 times higher than from the surrounding forest floors, and most likely came from RWA respiration. Seasonal changes in mound CO₂ effluxes were significantly correlated with mound temperature, but not with volumetric water content (7% on average). The high CO₂ efflux associated with increased volumetric water content (up to 34%) after a RWA mound was abandoned indicated that these dry mound conditions restrict microbial decomposition of mound organic matter. CO₂ effluxes were highest at night and lowest during the day, which is likely due to an increased ant activity or numbers in the mound at night. Diurnal changes in mound CO₂ efflux were negatively correlated with air temperature, and positively correlated with the difference between the mound and air temperature. This suggests that thermal convection of warmer mound air to the colder outside air at night might be also a cause of the diurnal changes. We conclude that seasonal and diurnal variations in mound CO₂ effluxes are dependent on RWA activities and fluctuation in RWA mound and outside temperatures.     

持续低温对养殖日本黑褐蚁的影响

以5、0、-5℃对日本黑褐蚁(Formica japonica Mottschulsky)进行处理,并将各组存活率与其SOD、POD、CAT活力和MDA含量进行了回归分析,结果表明:3个低温处理组的活动能力、SOD、POD、CAT活力水平和存活率明显低于正常生活对照组,并随时间延长显著下降;但脂质过氧化产物MDA明显高于对照组,并随时间延长而升高,即持续低温对日本黑褐蚁的存活有不利影响.     

红褐林蚁多肽的免疫活性及镇痛、抗感染作用

对红褐林蚁的多肽蛋白质进行了分离和制备,并对其免疫活性、镇痛及抗感染作用进行了研究.红褐林蚁水提物经SephadexG-50凝胶过滤层析分离得到组分Ⅰ和组分Ⅱ,经紫外检测均为蛋白质;每个组分经反相高效液相色谱分离和制备,组分Ⅰ得到a,b,c3个组分,其中组分a含量最高;组分Ⅱ得到d,e,f3个组分,其中组分e含量最高.淋巴细胞转化试验结果显示：组分a和组分e能抑制淋巴细胞增殖,表明其具有免疫活性;热板法所致小鼠痛阈值的变化和二甲苯诱发小鼠耳肿胀试验显示：红褐林蚁多肽试剂具有镇痛和抗感染作用.     

沙坡头固沙植被区掘穴蚁的巢位选择

在沙坡头人工固沙植被区,调查了掘穴蚁蚁穴密度在不同固沙年代和不同地形的分布,并研究了蚁穴密度与土壤参数的关系.研究结果表明:地形、固沙年代及其互作显著影响掘穴蚁的蚁穴密度.随着固沙年代的延长,掘穴蚁的蚁穴密度增加;不同地形之间的大小顺序为:丘间地>迎风坡>丘顶>背风坡;蚁穴密度与土壤沙粒含量(P<0.05)和土壤容重(P<0.01)呈负相关,与土壤粘粒(P<0.05)、全钾(P<0.05)、CaCO3(P<0.05)、全氮(P<0.01)、有机质(P<0.01)、盐分(P<0.01)和结皮厚度(P<0.01)呈正相关.