大兴安岭森林资源的动态灰色预测

应用灰色理论系统,对大兴安岭林区森林资源的森林蓄积量、有林地面积、森林覆盖率3个指标进行动态预测分析。结果表明:运用灰色预测建立的模型,预测结果经检验,精度较高;大兴安岭林区森林资源,在未来30 a,整体呈增加趋势;到2018年,森林蓄积量达到1.33×109m3、有林地面积达到1.74×107hm2、森林覆盖率达到82.28%。     

区域性森林碳汇效益补偿机制——以黑河地区为例

在对区域性森林碳汇效益补偿机制的理论框架研究的基础上,以黑河地区森林碳汇效益补偿为例,采用森林碳密度法,并结合森林资源调查数据的有关统计结果,对该地区森林碳储量进行核算;然后采用按GDP总量配比方法,确定了森林碳汇效益的补偿标准。结果表明:截止到2007年,黑河林区森林总碳储量为3.50×106t,碳密度为178.97 t/km2,区域森林碳汇效果显著;黑河地区森林碳汇效益补偿费基准价(以万元GDP计)164.45元,截止2007年,全区应缴纳补偿费共计4.36×107元;黑河地区5×106元以上规模工业企业,截止2007年平均缴纳森林碳汇补偿费约4.356×105万元,其年度应缴纳费用仅为4 356元/a,征收森林碳汇补偿费对相关企业无显著影响,表明征收区域森林碳汇效益补偿费是可行的。     

吉林蛟河不同演替阶段针阔混交林土壤健康评价1）

应用层次分析法、隶属度函数和森林土壤健康指数法,对吉林省蛟河市林业实验区管理局内4种不同演替阶段的森林土壤健康进行评价;主要选取5个物理性指标、8个化学性指标、1个生物指标建立评价体系,使用隶属度函数进行无量纲化处理,应用层次分析法求出各指标的权重值,得出森林土壤的健康指数。结果表明：森林土壤健康等级降幂排序为中龄林、成熟林、老龄林、近熟林;相关性分析可知,土壤健康指数,与全氮、有效磷、速效钾呈极显著相关性,与水解氮、有机质呈显著相关。     

浙江省森林土壤有机碳密度空间变异特征及其影响因素

基于Moran’s I指数和GIS地统计插值方法研究浙江省森林土壤有机碳密度(SOCD)的空间自相关性及其分布特征,并采用线性回归方程分析影响因素对SOCD的作用。结果表明:浙江省森林土壤0～30 cm层次SOCD为71.2 t hm-2,较全国土壤平均碳密度低;全局Moran’s I=0.176,显示显著空间自相关性;浙江省森林SOCD呈现自西南向东北梯级递减趋势,表现为三条平行的带状分布;优势树种、坡位、龄组、海拔、灌木覆盖度、灌木平均高、平均年龄与SOCD呈极显著正相关关系,坡向与SOCD呈显著正相关关系,草本覆盖度与SOCD呈极显著负相关关系,草本平均高影响不显著;影响因素作用于SOCD14.9%的变异。     

Management intensity affects traits of soil microarthropod community in montane spruce forest

This study examined the influence of forest management intensity (3 unmanaged, 3 mild managed, 5 intensively managed stands) on soil microarthropods in montane spruce forest. We particularly focused on Oribatida and Collembola which play important roles in organic matter decomposition and nutrient cycling. Our results showed a significant shift from fungivory and carnivory to detritivory in the Oribatida community accompanying management intensification. Similarly, parthenogenetic oribatid mite species contributed more to the community in intensively managed forests and the presence of Collembola species with developed furca increased with management intensification. Although there was no remarkable influence of management intensity on total densities or diversity indices, important and significant shifts in species composition and functional groups showed that soil functions and processes were affected by forest management. Trait assessment indicates a shift in roles Oribatida play in decomposition; fragmentation and comminuting of undecomposed litter seems to gain importance in the intensively managed forest, whereas fungivorous species affect primary decomposers through feeding on fungi in the unmanaged forest.     

Effect of hydrologic regime and forest age on Collembola in riparian forests

The principal objective of the study was to assess factors of primary importance for collembolan community variability measured in riparian forest stands of different age after traditional clear cutting within natural and altered hydrologic regimes. The study was conducted in the Ukrainian part of the Latorica river floodplain where the largest stands of the highly protected medio-European Querco—Ulmetum minoris fluvial forests can be found. Six oak forest stands were investigated on the river floodplain: three in a natural section (inside levee) of the floodplain, which have their original features preserved with periodical inundation, and three in a section separated by a flood control embankment (outside levee) and subjected to serious damage by drainage. In each section the three stands sampled were represented by different ages regenerated with clear-cutting (>3 years, >8 years and >112 years).Differences in hydrologic regimes were central to identification of a predictable and explainable percentage of variation in species composition of Collembola communities in fluvial forests. The hydrologic regime factor was correlated with the basic structural attributes of collembolan communities, such as abundance, species richness and some ecological traits. Season accounted for a higher degree of variation in collembolan communities than did the age of forest stands. We conclude that differences in hydrologic regime are of much higher importance in structuring collembolan communities in riparian forests than are the ages of stands.     

三峡环库多业共生耦合循环农业生态系统初构

三峡蓄水后,水流减缓,自净力减弱,主要支流绿藻虐生;库区新生消落区出露成陆时正直多雨炎热潮湿的夏季,基本丧失拦截、消纳和过滤农业面源污染的功能,加重了长江污染。该文在研究库区优势特色农业发展和生态环境建设的基础上,将库区水域、消落区和生态屏障区作为整体,运用循环经济理论,研究建立库岸柑橘、消落区湿地牧场、水域天然渔场3条环库绿色经济带,集成4链交叉的多链循环经济组网模式,创立5层阻隔拦截和吸收消纳面源污染的工艺技术,围绕库区各主要农业产业发展,把前端废弃物作为内生要素进入后端生产活动中,在注重环境保护的形势下,凝练出多业共生耦合农业循环经济模式和"345"推进方法。创建的巫山大昌湖特色循环农业生态示范园区,实现了三峡库区柑橘、生猪、草食牲畜、长江鱼4大特色产业共生、要素耦合、整体循环、综合利用的产业生态链,推动了三峡库区生态文明建设,满足了库区特色农业发展、农移民增收和国家战略水资源库保护需求,可为大型水库区生态农业发展和水资源环境保护提供参考。     

黑龙江林区发展循环经济的战略思考

循环经济是国际社会推进可持续发展的一种实现模式。它强调最有效地利用资源和保护环境,表现为"资源—产品—再生资源"的经济增长方式,追求的是减量化、再利用、再循环目标,以最小的资源环境成本获得最大的经济效益和生态环境效益。     

沈阳市域森林生态系统服务功能价值评估

采用费用支出法、机会成本法、替代成本法等方法对沈阳市森林生态系统的涵养水源、调节气候、固碳释氧、保持土壤、净化环境、旅游等生态功能价值进行了初步估算。结果表明,沈阳市森林生态系统服务功能总价值为359.631亿元,其中,直接经济价值为4.374亿元、涵养水源价值为3.652亿元、调节气候价值为281.5亿元、固碳释氧价值为34.194亿元、保持土壤价值为0.699亿元、净化环境价值为35.133亿元、旅游价值为800万元。     

林火综合管理系统需求分析与架构

结合林火管理业务对包括标准规范、基础数据库、地理信息系统和综合业务应用系统的系统功能进行需求分析,确定了系统的架构体系并进行相关论述。