马尾松人工林可燃物负荷量和燃损量的动态预测

森林可燃物是森林燃烧的物质基础,是林火行为预报的基本依据之一。基于森林燃烧和蔓延规律,选取地表层、树冠层为建模单元;利用林分因子和火环境因子,通过多元回归分析方法,建立了低山丘陵区马尾松人工林幼龄林及中龄林可燃物类型的可燃物负荷量和可燃物烧损量模型。     

广东八宝山森林群落优势种群的生态位研究

研究了广东八宝山森林群落２５个优势种群的生态位特征，以Ｓｈａｎｎｏｎ－Ｗｉｅｎｅｒ指数和相似性比例分别计算了２５个种群的生态位宽度及它们之间所形成的部分种对的生态位重叠，结果表明，八宝山森林群落中生态位宽度最大的种群为红背雄，米锥，硬斗稠以及木荷，生态位宽度的大小与按重要值排列的优势种群顺序基本一致，生态位重叠则与生态位宽度有一定关系，具较宽生态位的２个种群一般都有较高的生态位重叠值，文章还对生态     

小陇山林业局天然林保护工程社会经济效益分析

对甘肃省小陇山林业局天然林保护工程实施以来的社会和经济效益进行了分析.结果表明,天然林保护工程实施4 a来,产生了明显的社会效益和经济效益.虽然给森工企业带来局部的经济损失,但是对地方财政、企业职工及当地群众的经济收入影响不大.经计算小陇山林业局国民生产总值累计损失16 524.33万元,当地政府财政收入增加263.77万元,企业职工收入增加8 573.20万元,当地农户收入增加3 760.99万元.     

基于GIS的森林资源遥感调查方法研究

在试验研究的基础上 ,提出了在GIS支持下的遥感数据预处理 样地调查 前期调查信息叠合 -图象判读 -调查因子估测的技术路线 ,充分利用前期调查图面信息、小班属性数据信息进行遥感图象判读和小班调查因子估测的技术方法 ,有效地提高了判读的正判率和调查因子的估计精度 ,并产出了 1∶1万小班基本图 ,提高了调查成果的实用性     

关于森林生态效益补偿问题的探讨

通过对国内外生态效益补偿现状的分析 ,为进一步完善和建立森林生态补偿机制提供经验 ,促进保护生态环境和林业可持续发展。深入分析建立森林生态效益补偿机制的必要性、原则、途径以及补偿标准等 ,为进一步完善我国森林生态效益补偿机制提供科学依据。森林生态效益补偿资金的建立 ,不仅为森林资源管护提供稳定的资金来源 ,更重要的是对森林生态效益价值的承认 ,从根本上解决生态公益林建设的动力和机制问题     

风对林木的影响

风除对森林造成了危害外,还对树木的生长、形态以及森林生态等产生影响。随着全球气候变化的发展,更多和更强的暴风出现的危险性日益增加。为了更好地理解风害对树木、林分和森林生态系统的影响,为森林经营管理提供依据,本文对近10年来国际上有关风对林木影响内容进行归纳总结。结果表明,风对林木影响的研究主要在以下几个方面取得了重要的进展：1)风与林木的空气动力学关系;2)树木在风力荷载下其适应性的生长机理;3)树木对风的生理响应：4)森林风害的危险评估。所有这些研究大都在人工用材林中进行的。此外,本文还介绍了该研究领域需要开展的其它研究,如1)天然林或天然次生林的风害研究;2)风害形成的林窗和森林动态研究;3)风害对森林生态主要过程的影响研究;4)．风害与森林管理研究。图3参61。     

三明市森林资源景观格局分析研究

运用景观格局指数，依靠GIS技术支撑，对三明市森林资源景观格局进行研究。结果表明，本地区森林资源景观多样性指数、均匀度指数、破碎化指数较低，优势度指数较高，某些单个森林资源景观的破碎化指数增长快，这说明区域内存在有占优势的景观类型，整体森林资源景观较完整，但随着人类干扰强度的增大，系统的开放性越强，斑块越变越小，并呈直线化和直角化趋势。     

崇州林场柳杉人工林空间结构研究

崇州林场的植被主要是柳杉(Cryptomeria fortunei)人工纯林。为了定量地描述林分的空间结构,调查共设置6个50 m×50 m固定标准样地,对样地中的林木进行每木检尺并绘出它们的坐标位置。研究运用了角尺度参数来量化林木分布的均匀性(即空间分布格局);大小比数来测度树木间的优势度分化,也为种群在林分中的相对地位提供了有益的信息。而混交度则通过参照树周围最近的几株相邻木与其不同种个体所占的比例,来表征林分的物种多样性。借此以单木为基础的结构参数所描述的林分空间混交度、林木大小(胸径)分化程度以及群聚程度,使得定量比较那些具有复杂结构的林分也变得简单易行。这无疑有助于林地的可持续经营和生态管护。     

Characterisation of and changes in the atmospheric deposition situation in German forest ecosystems using multivariate statistics

Based on the results of the atmospheric deposition classification of the year 1989, a methodical approach should be introduced, which—based on the modelled total deposition rates—enables us to characterise the input situation of forest monitoring plots and to delimit load areas in Germany. In 1989, the deposition situation in nearly 1,800 forest monitoring sites (BZE/extensive Soil Condition Inventory) in Germany could be explained by four factors (or three, excluding sea salt impact) with the help of a factor analysis. The factor values were grouped into six deposition types with typical compounds and regional patterns. The classified input rates of the soil inventory plots adequately represent the stress situation and deposition changes in Germany. The application of the statistical approach on the level of Brandenburg clarifies the special local input situation. Due to the special combination of deposed elements, the sources of emissions can be characterised as well. When the soil inventory is repeated, a project planned for 2006, this approach can be used in order to determine homogenous areas for stratified data evaluation.     

Concept and feasibility study for the integrated evaluation of environmental monitoring data in forests

In the 1970s unexpected forest damages, called “new type of forest damage” or “forest decline”, were observed in Germany and other European countries. The Federal Republic of Germany and the German Federal States implemented a forest monitoring system in the early 1980s, in order to monitor and assess the forest condition. Due to the growing public awareness of possible adverse effects of air pollution on forests, in 1985 the ICP Forests was launched under the convention on long-range transboundary air pollution (CLRTAP) of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UN-ECE). The German experience in forest monitoring was a base for the implementation of the European monitoring system. In 2001 the interdisciplinary case study “concept and feasibility study for the integrated evaluation of environmental monitoring data in forests”, funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, concentrated on in-depths evaluations of the German data of forest monitoring. The objectives of the study were: (a) a reliable assessment of the vitality and functioning of forest ecosystems, (b) the identification and quantification of factors influencing forest vitality, and (c) the clarification of cause-effect-relationships leading to leaf/needle loss. For these purposes additional data from external sources were acquired: climate and deposition, for selected level I plots tree growth data, as well as data on groundwater quality. The results show that in particular time series analysis (crown condition, tree growth, and tree ring analysis), in combination with climate and deposition are valuable and informative, as well as integrated evaluation of soil, tree nutrition and crown condition data. Methods to combine information from the extensive and the intensive monitoring, and to transfer process information to the large scale should be elaborated in future.