Chaos theory and assessment of forest stakeholder attitudes towards Australian forest policy

The Regional Forest Agreement process has dominated Australian forest policy for the past decade. The RFA process set in place a mechanism by which benchmark conservation values were established for forest ecosystems, whilst addressing the needs of the timber industry. The outcomes of a number of RFA's have been fraught with controversy. Key stakeholder groups have shown disagreement with processes and outcomes of methods employed by government both in establishing conservation reserves and areas allocated to timber harvesting. This research uses non-linear techniques to examine the dynamical behavior in stakeholder responses and to identify patterns of behavior that may lead to prediction of stakeholder responses. The method developed in this research provides a bridge between social sciences and Chaos theory.¹     

用科学发展观指导三北防护林工程建设

根据科学发展观的总体思想,从三北防护林建设实际着手,论述了如何用科学发展观指导三北防护林工程建设。应在认识上和工程建设实践中辩证地处理好保护与发展、质量与数量、规模与效益、政府与市场、生态与经济的关系,统筹协调好相关建设原则和有关发展问题,把握住坚持以人为本等六个关键环节。     

林区可持续发展的战略研究

通过对林区生态和环境资源的经济化运作，林区经济结构及运行机制，林区人口等问题的论述，提出应将林区可持续发展做为系统场的运行来研究，以实现林区真正的可持续发展。     

森林资源动态系统稳定性规律的研究

根据系统论的原理，从系统的结构和功能稳定性出发，通过分析森林群落演替的动态变化过程，探讨森林资源动态系统稳定性的产生、发展及其作用。运用李亚普诺夫的稳定性理论，作为森林资源动态系统稳定性的定义和分类的依据。     

林区公路设计中容许弯沉值的计算分析

目前,林区公路大多为就地取材的中、低级路面,因而结构设计很少,而厚度设计则是主要的内容。在厚度设计中,是根据对公路整体强度的要求来确定各结构层厚度的,确定的依据就是路面容许弯沉值。一、容许弯沉值及其计算公式容许弯沉值指标一般应在大量调查的基础上,根据林区公路的现状和可能的条件,考虑林业经济发展对林区公路将来的要求,而提出相应的数值。国内外通过大量的调查试验和研究,认为容许弯沉值主要由交通量数值确定。一般来说,等级越高的公路,通过的交通量也越大,但考虑到不同等级公路的不同的要求,不完全是体现于交通量;同时现在采用的路面类型越来越多,不同类型的路面对变形有不同的适应能力,如目前较多采用的     

Willingness to travel to avoid recreation conflicts in Danish forests

Conflicts among forest visitors have direct effects on the quality of a recreational experience. As the number of visitors to forests close to residential areas increases, as well as the number of different activities, so does the potential for perceived conflicts. According to the literature, expanding knowledge of conflict characteristics and their causes is important for recreation planners and managers who aim to reduce conflicts.In the present study, different forest user groups were identified and categorised according to their pursued activities, and for each group, causes of conflict were identified. Furthermore, a choice experiment was constructed to estimate the distance visitors are willing to travel to encounter few visitors as opposed to many visitors, and thereby potentially experience fewer conflicts. Comparing the marginal willingness to travel (WTT) of different user groups suggests that some groups have a WTT further than the average to reach a forest with ‘Few’ visitors. The average WTT to reach a forest area with ‘Few’ visitors. ‘Mountain bikers,’ ‘Peace and nature lovers’ and ‘Horse riders’ are willing to travel 4 km more than the average per visit to reach a less crowded forest. At the other end of the scale, we find that people who are doing physical exercise are willing to travel 2 km less than the average to reach a less crowded forest.     

林木生物质原料收集半径分析——以景谷县生物质发电项目为例

结合景谷县生物质发电项目特点,以翔实的调查数据为依据,以成本的经济性为基点,通过分析原料供求现状、估算原料收集成本,构建原料收集成本与收集半径的关系模型,科学地确定了项目的原料收集半径,以期为项目投资运营的可行性提供科学依据。     

武汉市黄陂区素山寺森林公园常见森林群落的 植物多样性和结构分析

为了做好森林抚育前的植物群落调查,在黄陂区素山寺森林公园选取 6个常见的森林群落进行木本植物调查, 并对植物多样性和群落结构进行了分析 。泛热带和北温带分布的科和属占比均超过 50%,表明本地植物区系呈现明显的 过渡性 。对比乔木层、灌木层和幼苗层的香农威纳指数和辛普森指数,灌木层和幼苗层的多样性均高于乔木层,且幼苗层 的多样性在多个样地中最高 。相较于灌木层和幼苗层,乔木层的优势种表现出更高的相似性 。使用基于算术平均值的非 权重成对组法(UPGMA)对 6个样地乔木层进行聚类分析,主要分成两大分支,一个分支是白栎构成的落叶阔叶林;另一分 支是含有杉木的针阔混交林,针阔混交林又细分成栓皮栎为主的混交林和杉木为主的混交林 。对比各样地的径级结构,栎 类林的径级出现明显的间断,这可能是人为砍伐或者森林演替过程出现树木 自 然死亡形成的 。针叶林占优的群落乔木径 级高峰普遍右偏,表明针叶林树龄整体偏小 。建议在抚育砍伐前研究植被类型、植物多样性和径级等方面的差异,评估砍 伐行为对森林固碳能力的影响;森林抚育要考虑到不同林斑的差异,根据各自的特点采取合适的抚育方式。     

Comparison of the influences of vegetation stem parameters on hydraulic variables and sediment transport capacity

The hydraulic variables (Hv) and sediment transport capacity (Tc) of overland flow have changed immensely due to large-scale revegetation. However, research comparing the influences of stem parameters (diameter, cover, and arrangement) on Hv and Tc is limited. The objectives of this study were to explore and compare the influences of stem parameters on Hv and Tc. Data on three treatment groups with varying stem diameters, covers, arrangements, flow discharges and slopes were collected in this study. With increasing stem diameter, Hv and Tc increased; Hv included the Reynolds and Froude numbers, flow velocity (v), shear stress (τ), stream power (Ω), and unit stream power (ω). However, the trend of the Darcy-Weisbach friction coefficient (f) was opposite. Hv and Tc were significantly influenced by stem diameter and cover. The effect of stem diameter on Hv and Tc was greater than the effects of cover and arrangement. Stem cover as a variable could not be used to adequately estimate the Tc when there were various stem diameters. A new exponential equation involving stem cover and stem diameter was demonstrated to be an appropriate predictor of Tc. Stem diameter and arrangement had no obvious influence on the relationship between Tc and v, and v as an indicator could explain the effect of stem parameters on Hv and Tc. This result could illustrate why the variables, including v, were able to predict Tc under vegetation stem and litter cover.