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Abstract. Current tillage erosion models account for the influence of tillage direction in the magnitude of the soil (tillage) transport coefficient. It is argued here that this is counter-intuitive and causes significant problems in modelling tillage erosion in areas of complex terrain. This article examines whether a re-modelling of tillage erosion is possible that separates tillage direction (an interaction with the landform) from the soil transport coefficient (a measure of tillage intensity representing the combination of implement erosivity and soil erodibility). Experimental data for mouldboard ploughing upslope, downslope and cross-slope at Coombe Barton Farm, Devon are examined. Integration of data for all directions into a single relationship, which relates translocation in the direction of tillage to slope in the direction of tillage and translocation perpendicular to tillage to slope perpendicular to tillage, is not possible using previously published methods of analysis. However, when total translocation distance is regressed against the tangent of the slope at 45° to the tillage direction (bisecting the tillage direction and the direction of overturning) it is found that a single relationship can be used to describe tillage in all three directions. Therefore, this relationship is used to determine a single value of the soil transport coefficient ( k fTa ) for constant soil and implement conditions but different tillage directions. This redefinition of tillage is important both for true estimation of tillage erosion severity, the adirectional coefficient being 40% larger than the directional coefficient, and for modelling of tillage erosion in complex terrain. These improvements are vital when tillage erosion simulation is used to direct soil conservation strategies. 相似文献
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合理调整我国人民的食物结构是提高全民族身体素质,推进社会文明进步,具有深远的战略意义的一项国策。调整国民食物结构是一个科学性,政策性很强,社会涉及面广,地区人群民食习惯差别大的极为复杂的动态系统工程。作者针对山西省情实际,从追朔我国饮食传统,膳食民习,食物资源及演变趋向探求,提出合理调整山西人民食物结构的策略与途径。 相似文献
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针对单机环境下暖通CAD软件重复开发量大、开发周期长等现状,提出了基于互联网环境的三层体系结构及其开发的通用环境,即整个暖通CAD系统被分为不同逻辑块,开发和管理的工作向服务器方转移,从而使分布处理数据成为可能,基于组件的软件开发是互联网环境中应用软件的主要开发方式,以构架为组装蓝图,以可重用组件为组装预制块,支持组装式软件重用,从而克服人力和物力的浪费,进而为了重用暖通CAD已开发出的功能模块,给出组件逆向工程的开发方法、组装流程和组件管理过程。 相似文献
36.
哈达门国家森林公园游客量动态预测 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
根据哈达门国家森林公园的票房数据,应用灰色系统理论建立旅游量灰色动态模型。基此,对哈园游客量进行了中短期预测,其预测检验精度为93.72。旨在对该园建设、管理等项决策提供科学依据。 相似文献
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对哈尔滨市工农兵钢箱索梁桥的模型进行了试验和分析。结果表明,该桥设计采用的理论与试验结果基本相符,为桥梁的修复设计提供了可靠依据。 相似文献
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L.S. Faudskar DVM M. R. Raffe DVM MS D. A. Randall BS D. R. Bing BS RRT 《Journal of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care》1997,7(1):49-58
A laboratory evaluation was performed to evaluate the performance characteristics of a new veterinary ventilator. The ventilator studied was configured according to manufacturer's directions and attached to a test lung via a pneumotachograph and differential pressure transducer interfaced to a pulmonary mechanics analyzer system. Constant resistance (R=10 cm H2 O/L/sec) and compliance (C=3 ml/cm H2 O) factors were maintained for all trials. The ventilator operated at the manufacturer's preprogrammed parameters. In the first trial, body weight was the only variable. In the second trial, an endotracheal tube was placed in series between the ventilator's breathing circuit and the pneumotachograph. Body weights from 1–20 kgs were evaluated. Mean values for respiratory rate (RR), minute ventilation (VE), inspiratory time (Ti), peak inspiratory pressure (PIP), and peak inspiratory flow (Fpki) displayed on the ventilator control panel; tidal volume (VT), calculated from the displayed minute volume, and identical parameters measured by the pulmonary mechanics system at each body weight, were compared using a two factor analysis of variance. Significant differences (P< 0.05) were found between mean displayed and measured values for RR, PIP, and Fpki. 相似文献
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Long‐term experiments are a classical case of repeated measurements. Traits are measured on the same experimental unit over many years so that correlations arise between the observations made on the same plot in consecutive years. This paper describes the analysis of a three‐crop‐rotation long‐term experiment. We analysed the yields of the crops and the organic carbon content in the topsoil over 30 consecutive years. Several variance–covariance approaches are discussed and the trait‐specific best fit is interpreted. Mixed models are used to describe the structure of the experiment. Both yields and soil organic carbon show a more or less pronounced variance heterogeneity. Especially for yields, the heterogeneity of cycles and years is dominant. The consideration of correlations results in a better model fit in all cases. 相似文献