基于多元化教学的网络机房安全性研究

随着计算机类课程的日益多样化,多元化教学的特点在高校的机房应用中愈发明显,这对网络结构提出了更高的要求。从应用着手,分析此类机房的特点,对各安全点进行剖析,并针对各个节点提出相应措施,从而有效提高机房运行的安全性。     

中国近期耕地资源的变化及其对粮食产能的影响

依据中国近10 a（2000-2008年）耕地资源的变化,分析了粮食综合生产能力的变化及其影响因素,包括耕地面积、粮食播种面积、粮食单产水平和粮食总产量的年际变化率以及四者之间的相关关系。结果表明,耕地面积对粮食产量并无决定性关系,影响我国近期粮食产能的最主要因素是粮食的播种面积和单产水平,两者的年际变化率均与粮食总产量年际变化率呈较强的相关性,变化趋势基本一致。最后基于研究所得出的结论对保护耕地与粮食安全的措施进行了探讨。     

吉林省冬季温度对美国白蛾扩散的影响及阻止扩散的对策

根据吉林省美国白蛾的发生状况及疫区冬季的实际温度条件,分析了美国白蛾越冬的安全性与扩散的可能性,结果表明:美国白蛾在吉林省未感染区域的冬季气温条件下可以安全越冬,冬季低温不能阻止美国白蛾在吉林境内的进一步扩散;提出了疫区以根除为主、边界区以监控为主、非感染区以保护预防为主的阻止美国白蛾扩散对策。     

福建省海水养殖业生态安全评价

以福建省为例,应用PSR模型,从海水养殖业生态环境的系统压力、系统状态、系统响应3个方面筛选出26个指标,在专家打分的基础上,采用层次分析法确定指标权重,从时间尺度上(2003-2012年)评价福建省海水养殖业的生态安全状况及其发展趋势,探究影响福建省海水养殖业生态安全水平的主要原因.结果表明,福建省海水养殖业的生态环境总体呈现越来越好的趋势,但仍然面临较严峻的挑战.     

Nocturnal feeding reduces sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax, L.) pellet-catching ability

European sea bass exhibits a feeding rhythm with seasonal phase inversions: nocturnal feeding is predominant in winter, and diurnal feeding during the rest of the year. This explains the increased growth of sea bass fed at night during the winter months, but to fully assess such feeding practices, it is important to monitor food-catching efficiency in the dark. To evaluate the influence of nocturnal feeding on pellet-capture efficiency under laboratory conditions, we developed an infrared pellet detector linked to on-line recording with a microcomputer. Feed waste was recorded for eight groups of four sea bass (54.6±15.8 g body weight) fed either diurnal or nocturnal meals with long (>60 s) or short (<20 s) feed availability times. With short feed availability times, food-catching efficiency in complete darkness (0 lx) was reduced to 78.6%, compared to 93.5% in diurnally fed fish. This was confirmed in a second experiment, performed during winter, involving 4000 sea bass in four sea cages (1000 per cage) provided with self-feeders and pellets detectors. Feed waste amounted to less than 13% of the food distributed, but nocturnal demands (29% of total feed demands) were accompanied by higher levels of uneaten pellets (68% of the total feed waste) than diurnal demand. This suggests that if the aim is to reduce feed waste, nocturnal feeding should be restricted in sea cages.     

Managing soil quality for humanity and the planet

Rather than a human-centric, the basic strategy of achieving Sustainable Development Goals must be focused on restoring and sustaining planetary processes. The urgency of meeting the demands of the humanity must be reconciled with the necessity of enhancing the environment. Increasing and restoring soil organic matter content of the degraded and depleted soils is critical to strengthening planetary processes.     

Food consumption and selectivity by larval yellowtail kingfish Seriola lalandi cultured at different live feed densities

Live food supply is a key factor contributing to the success of larval fish rearing. However, live food densities vary greatly between fish species and management protocols across fish hatcheries. The growth, survival, food selection and consumption of yellowtail kingfish larvae were examined at different regimes of live food supply in an attempt to identify a suitable live food feeding protocol for larval rearing in marine fish. This study was divided into two feeding phases: rotifer phase from 3 to 14 DPH (phase I) and Artemia nauplii phase from 15 to 22 DPH (phase II). In phase I, four rotifer densities (1, 10, 20 and 40 mL⁻¹) were used. In phase II, Artemia started at 0.8 nauplii mL⁻¹ on 15 DPH, and then the density of Artemia was daily incremented by 50%, 70%, 90% and 110%, respectively, in four treatments from 15 to 22 DPH. In phase I, rotifer density significantly affected larval growth, but not survival. By 7 DPH, the number of rotifers consumed by fish larvae reached 170–260 individuals, but did not significantly differ between rotifer densities. During cofeeding, fish larvae selected against Artemia nauplii by 10 DPH, but by 14 DPH Artemia nauplii became the preferred prey item by fish larvae exposed to the 10, 20 and 40 rotifers mL⁻¹. In phase II, both fish growth and survival were affected by Artemia densities. Fish daily consumption on Artemia by 20 DPH reached 500–600 individuals but did not significantly differ between prey densities. The result suggests that rotifer densities be offered at 20–40 mL⁻¹ before 6 DPH and 10–20 mL⁻¹ afterwards to support larval fish growth and survival. Likewise, Artemia is recommended at a daily increment of 90–110% of 0.8 mL⁻¹ from 15 to 22 DPH. This study proposes a management protocol to use appropriate type and quantity of live food to feed yellowtail kingfish larvae, which could be applicable to larval culture of other similar marine fish species.     

日粮水平和饵料种类对黑鲷能量收支的影响

采用室内流水实验法研究了摄食水平和饵料种类对黑鲷能量收支各组分和模式的影响。结果表明，黑鲷的生长量，总呼吸代谢量，排泄量及生态转换效率均随日粮水平升高呈增长趋势，二者之间的定量关系可分别用对数曲线或直线加以定量描述；不同生物饵料能造成黑鲷摄食，生长，排泄和总呼吸代水平的显著差异，但却不能改变以比能值为单位的生态转换效率。黑鲷的呼能量收支分配率随摄食水平不同有较显著差异；代谢能分配率和排泄能分配率随摄食水平增大呈U型变化趋势，而生长能分配率却恰恰相反。除摄食高蛋白饵料时引起排泄能分配率增加外，摄食不同饵料对黑铜的能量分配模式影响不十分显著。     

东海区短尾大眼鲷的食性分析

根据2008年5月~2009年2月"东海区主要渔场重要渔业资源的调查与评估(26°00′~34°00′N、120°00′~126°30′E)"课题调查的渔获样品以及从水产市场所采样品,对东海区短尾大眼鲷胃含物进行分析。结果表明:短尾大眼鲷食物组成以磷虾类为主(IRI=2 802.26),其次依次为鱼类(IRI=701.12)、头足类(IRI=488.25)和长尾类(IRI=474.84),其优势饵料种类为太平洋磷虾、细螯虾、乌贼科、短鳄齿鱼等。短尾大眼鲷终年摄食,其摄食率为95.06%,最高饱满指数达110.92‰,平均饱满指数18.36‰,表明短尾大眼鲷具有较高的摄食强度。     

大力发展“第二代生物燃料”

办为满足国民经济高速持续发展对新型能源日益增长的需求,适应改善我国能源消费结构、节能减排、发展低碳经济的需要,加快发展生物质能源是一项战略选择。文章阐述了大力发展新兴生物燃料产业具有的重大经济社会意义,提出以大批粮食、食用油为原料生产生物燃料,是第一代生物燃料,在我国发展中遭遇到不可逾越的障碍。认为大力发展第二代生物燃料,即纤维素燃料乙醇和木本油料生物柴油具有多种优越性,将开辟我国生物燃料持续发展的广阔途径,特别是开发利用广袤的“边际性土地”,即开辟最普遍、最丰富的生产生物燃料的资源,既可改善生态脆弱地区的生产与生活环境,还可点燃农业农村新经济增长点,有利于解决“三农”问题,效用重大。最后提出我国发展生物燃料的五条必要措施,包括：大力开发广袤的“边际性土地”;尽快攻克纤维素燃料乙醇的技术难关;建立健全生物燃料能源市场体系,以市场机制优化资源配置;建立专业生物能源资源产销合作社,建立社会化服务体系;加大财政扶持力度,把发展第二代生物燃料列入国家“十二五”经济社会发展规划。