湘东第四纪红土母质发育的典型土壤在中国土壤系统分类中的归属

选取湖南省东部地区12个由第四纪红色黏土发育的典型土壤剖面,在对其成土环境、剖面形态特征及其理化性质进行研究的基础上,按照中国土壤系统分类方案,检索出了其诊断层和诊断特性,据此确定了其在中国土壤系统分类中的归属。结果表明,供试土壤剖面包含了淡薄表层、暗瘠表层、低活性富铁层、黏化层、聚铁网纹层等10个诊断层和诊断特性,其在中国系统分类体系中的位置分别为：淋溶土、富铁土和雏形土3个土纲;湿润淋溶土、湿润富铁土和湿润雏形土3个亚纲;简育湿润富铁土、铝质湿润淋溶土和铝质湿润雏形土3个土类;暗红简育湿润富铁土、表蚀简育湿润富铁土、网纹简育湿润富铁土等6个亚类;按照土族和土系划分标准,建立了黏质高岭石型酸性热性-普通铝质湿润淋溶土等9个土族和燕塘系(43-LY01)等12个土系。研究发现：受亚热带气候影响,许多土壤剖面发生了富铁铝化过程,且由于淋溶强烈,孔隙周围形成了聚铁网纹层,而现行的《中国土壤系统分类检索（第三版）》还不能给出一个合适的位置,因此建议在铝质湿润淋溶土亚类中增设一个可以反映相关特性的网纹铝质湿润淋溶土亚类。     

GENOTYPIC DIFFERENCES IN ROOT MORPHOLOGY AND PHOSPHORUS UPTAKE KINETICS IN BRASSICA NAPUS UNDER LOW PHOSPHORUS SUPPLY

Application of phosphorus (P) fertilizer is important in crop production because of the low bioavailability of phosphorus to plants in both acidic and calcareous soils. Although rapeseed (Brassica napus) is generally sensitive to P deficiency, different cultivars differ widely in this respect. Differences in P uptake and utilization between two rapeseed cultivars, one P-efficient (‘97081’) and one P-inefficient (‘97009’), were evaluated in solution culture by studying the changes in root morphology and parameters of P uptake kinetics in response to low-P stress. The P-efficient cultivar had lower Km and Cmin values and higher Vmax and developed longer and denser lateral root hair with greater number of root tips and branches under low-P stress, which resulted in a better developed root system and more efficient uptake of P. That, in turn, led to higher concentration and accumulation of P in the plants, culminating in higher biomass production. However, P utilization efficiency (biomass production per unit P accumulated in plant) of the P-efficient ‘97081’ was lower than that of ‘97009’ when P was deficient. These results suggest that P efficiency in rapeseed is due to a better developed root system as well as efficient uptake of P.     

INFLUENCE OF NITROGEN AND SULFUR ON YIELD AND SEED QUALITY OF THREE CANOLA CULTIVARS

In order to investigate the effect of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) fertilizers on yield and seed quality of three canola cultivars, a factorial based on randomized complete block experiment was conducted during 2005–2006 in Iran. Treatments included four nitrogen rates (0, 75, 150, and 225 kg N ha^?1 source of urea), four sulfur rates (0, 100, 200, and 300 kg S ha^?1), and three cultivars (‘Pf’, ‘Option-500’, and ‘Hyola-401’). Results indicated cultivar had a significant effect on all studied traits. ‘Option-500’ and ‘Hyola-401’ cultivars had the highest seed yield, protein content, and N:S ratio in seed. The levels of 150 and 220 kg N ha^?1 resulted in the maximum protein content. Increasing N levels resulted in N content and decreased the oil content. The interaction effect between S and N levels showed the highest N content in seed was obtained with 300 kg S ha^?1 and 225 kg N ha^?1.     

INTERACTIVE EFFECT OF SULFUR AND NITROGEN ON GROWTH AND YIELD ATTRIBUTES OF OILSEED CROPS (BRASSICA CAMPESTRIS L. AND ERUCA SATIVA MILL.) DIFFERING IN YIELD POTENTIAL

Field experiments were conducted to determine the interactive effect of sulfur (S) and nitrogen (N) on growth and yield attributes of oilseed crops [Brassica campestris L. (V₁) and Eruca sativa Mill. (V₂)] differing in yield potential. Two combinations of S and N (in kg ha^?1): 0S + 100N (?S+N;T₁) and 40S + 100N (+S+N;T₂) were used. Biomass accumulation, leaf area index (LAI), leaf area duration (LAD), and photosynthetic rate in the leaves were determined at various phenological stages. The results showed that the combined application of S and N (+S+N) significantly (P<0.05) improved the growth and yield attributes of both the genotypes compared with N applied alone (?S+N). Genetic variability was observed between the two genotypes in response to combined application of S and N (T₂). Genotype V₁ had higher biomass accumulation, photosynthetic rate, seed yield, oil yield, biological yield, and harvest index when compared with genotype V₂. Treatment T₂ resulted in 142, 95, 56, and 349% enhancement in biomass accumulation, leaf-area index (LAI), leaf-area duration (LAD) and photosynthetic rate, respectively in comparison with treatment T₁ in genotype V₁. Seed yield, oil yield, biological yield, and harvest index were improved by 141, 171, 85, and 30%, respectively, by treatment T₂ in comparison with T₁. In the case of genotype V₂, increase in biomass accumulation, LAI, LAD, and photosynthetic rate due to application of treatment T₂ were 156, 137, 125 and 467%, respectively, over the results of T₁. Seed yield, oil yield, biological yield and harvest index improved by 193, 251, 98, and 48%, respectively, with this treatment. On the basis of results obtained in this study, it can be concluded that sulfur must be included in the nutrient management package for optimum growth and yield attributes of oilseed crops. Furthermore, the yield potential of oilseed crops with low seed and oil yield can be improved using this treatment as achieved in our study in case of taramira (Eruca sativa Mill.), a genotype with low seed and oil yield.     

Combining pre-transplanting phosphorus application and green manure incorporation: a trial for reducing fertilizer input

Pre-transplanting phosphorus application is a fertilization method that can reduce phosphorus (P) fertilization of the field and increase P use efficiency. We investigated whether P use efficiency can be increased further by combining pre-transplanting phosphorus application and the green manure practice, using cabbage as a test plant in a field experiment performed from 2006 to 2008. The pre-transplanting phosphorus application successfully reduced P fertilization of the field to half without any yield losses in 2006 and 2008. However, growth and yield could not be maintained with the pre-transplanting phosphorus application when P fertilization was halved in 2007. Differences among seasons and discrepancies in the results compared to previous studies may have arisen from the differences in the field management and the nursery soil used. No benefits of green manure in terms of the subsequent cabbage yield were detected. Consequently, there was no positive effect of the combination of pre-transplanting phosphorus application and incorporation of green manure. Studies with mycorrhizal plants as test plants may be necessary to verify the mechanism of enhanced P supply by the incorporation of green manure, and to examine any potential benefit of combining green manure and pre-transplanting phosphorus application practices.     

《中国分类主题词表》的使用模式

应用《中国分类主题词表》进行实际标引是一个多样化的具体行为,从静态角度分析,《中国分类主题词表》包括标准使用模式、非标准使用模式以及过渡时期的使用模式。从动态角度分析,三种使用模式最终将向标准使用模式转换。     

中药免疫调节剂体外细胞毒性测定

采用形态学观察和MTT两种方法,测试了中药免疫调节剂(TJJ)在鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF)和小鼠纤维母细胞(L929)体外培养中的最大安全浓度。结果表明:⑴TJJ的细胞毒性很低,对CEF和L929的最大无毒浓度分别达3.12g/L和1.56g/L;⑵两种细胞比较,L929对药物毒性的反应性较CEF更敏感;⑶两种方法比较,MTT法更灵敏、更客观;⑷在同一种细胞的不同生长状态下(形成单层前后)加入TJJ,药物对细胞的毒性结果无变化,说明药物对细胞的毒性与细胞种类有关,而与细胞的生长状态关系不明显。     

复方中药多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和激素水平的影响

试验选用(28±2)日龄体重为(8.5±0.5)kg的"杜长大"三元杂交断奶仔猪60头,随机分为6组,每组10头,分别饲喂基础日粮、基础日粮 0.3%复方中药多糖、基础日粮 0.6%复方中药多糖、基础日粮 0.9%复方中药多糖、基础日粮 0.6%白术多糖、基础日粮 100 mg/kg金霉素,试验期为14天.结果表明,随着复方中药多糖用量的增加,断奶仔猪的日增重和激素水平(胰岛素、生长激素、三碘甲腺原氨酸、四碘甲腺原氨酸)明显提高,料肉比降低;饲喂白术多糖和抗生素的仔猪也表现出优于单喂基础日粮仔猪的趋势.根据试验结果认为,0.9%复方中药多糖的添加效果最好.     

美国《数学评论》光盘版2004年收录中国高校学报统计

利用美国《数学评论》2004年光盘，对其收录的90余种中国高校学报进行了检索统计．结果表明：2004年总计收录1858条，江苏、山东、北京和上海为入选期刊数最多的省市，收录量列前3住的依次是四川、山东和江苏。其中四川大学学报（0490—6756）收录量最多，为87条，四川师范大学学报自然科学版（1001-8395）收录76条，为师范大学学报收录最多的期刊。     

Phosphatase activity in the rhizosphere and its relation to the depletion of soil organic phosphorus

Summary The distribution of phosphatase activity and of phosphate fractions of the soil in the proximity of roots was studied in order to evaluate the significance of phosphatases in P nutrition of various plants (Brassica oleracea, Allium cepa, Triticum aestivum, Trifolium alexandrinum). A considerable increase in both acid and alkaline phosphatase activity in all the four soil-root interfaces was observed. Maximum distances from the root surface at which activity increases were observed ranged from 2.0 mm to 3.1 mm for acid phosphatase and from 1.2 mm to 1.6 mm for alkaline phosphatase. The increase in phosphatase activity depended upon plant age, plant species and soil type. A significant correlation was noticed between the depletion of organic P and phosphatase activity in the rhizosphere soil of wheat (r = 0.99^**) and clover (r = 0.97^**). The maximum organic P depletion was 65% in clover and 86% in wheat, which was observed within a distance from the root of 0.8 mm in clover and 1.5 mm in wheat. Both the phosphatases in combination appear to be responsible for the depletion of organic P.