Swine fever. Immunisation of piglets

Vaccination against Swine Fever using the CL Chinese strain can be done in 7-day-old piglets if they are born of non-immune sows. The simultaneous weaning and vaccination emphasises the safety of this strain. The excellent immunity observed confirms the immunocompetence of 7-day-old piglets. In piglets born of immune sows and also weaned at 7 days, passive protection can extend beyond the age of 2 months if the sow is vaccinated several months prior to gestation. The immune level of the piglets would seem to depend on the interval between vaccination of the sow and farrowing and can be attributed to the quality of the antibodies transmitted by the colostrum. Piglets born of sows vaccinated 10 months prior to farrowing can be vaccinated as early as 5 weeks; the protection percentage observed at the age of about 6 months is over 80%. A booster injection at this age then confers immunity to future breeders throughout their economic life, i.e. 4 years in the reported experiment.     

中草药、益生素和抗生素对猪生长性能和免疫功能的影响比较试验

本试验旨在比较中草药、益生素和抗生素对生长猪生产性能和免疫功能的影响。试验选取15kg左右的杜×长×大三元杂交猪90头,随机分为抗生素组、0.2%益生素组和0.2%中草药组,每组3个重复,每个重复10头猪,试验时间28d。结果表明:(1)与抗生素组相比,益生素及中草药组的日增重提高、料重比降低(P>0.05);(2)中草药组的IgG、IgM、IgA、C3、C4含量和益生素组的IgG含量均显著提高(P<0.05)。结论:在生长猪日粮中添加0.2%益生素或中草药能够促进动物生长,提高免疫功能,效果优于抗生素。     

Growth performance, energy, and nitrogen balance of weanling pigs fed a cereal-based diet supplemented with Chinese rhubarb

Forty Swiss Large White piglets of 4 weeks of age were used to determine the effect of dietary Chinese rhubarb on growth performance, as well as on energy and nitrogen metabolism by means of indirect respiration calorimetry studies. A cereal-based diet, supplemented with four different dosages of Chinese rhubarb (0.0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, 1%), was offered ad libitum to the piglets. Gaseous exchange was measured, and urine, faeces, and blood samples were taken. The addition of 0.25% dietary rhubarb increased feed intake (+32%) and daily weight gain (+67%) compared to the diet containing the greatest amount of rhubarb (1%). The piglets fed diet supplemented with 0.25% rhubarb digested and metabolised more energy and nitrogen relative to the animals of treatment 1%. As a consequence, the same group (0.25%) converted more energy and nitrogen into body protein than piglets receiving diet supplemented with 1% rhubarb. However, compared to the control group, the addition of 0.25% rhubarb to the diet resulted in not significantly alter growth performance, energy, and nitrogen metabolism of the animals.Blood parameters were not affected by the rhubarb supplementation. The dose-responding effect of Chinese rhubarb was reflected by the dry matter content of faecal samples. According to the laxative effect of higher doses of rhubarb, the addition of 1% rhubarb to the diet reduced dry matter content of faeces. This effect was well visible in practice, although not relevant in statistical terms. The addition of 0.5% dietary rhubarb had no relevant effect on growth performance or on energy and nitrogen metabolism of treated animals.     

中草药添加剂对异育银鲫肌肉生化成分的影响

设计中草药配方Ⅰ和Ⅱ，各以0．5％、1％、2％剂量添加到基础饲料中，饲喂异育银鲫（体重1．6－2．2g），2个月后，测定鱼体肌肉的水分，蛋白质、脂肪、灰分，脂肪酸，氨基酸的含量，结果表明，异育银鲫肌肉中水分、蛋白质，各种脂肪酸，水解和游离氨基酸的含量均无显著变化，复方中草药添加剂Ⅰ和Ⅱ对异育银鲫肌肉蛋白质的营养价值和呈味氨基酸的含量无不良影响（P＞0．05），其中，配方Ⅱ的2％添加量可显著地提高异育银鲫鱼肉的脂肪含量，从而改善鱼的肉质。     

中药配方颗粒和传统中药饮片调剂方式的应用对比分析

目的 对传统中药饮片调剂方式与中药配方颗粒调剂方式进行应用分析比较,优化调剂方法。方法 统计并分析本院传统中药饮片与中药配方颗粒的使用数据（调剂出错率、处方数等）,并随机抽取180例于该院就诊的患者及12名在该院从事配药的工作人员进行问卷调查,在患者选择和工作人员选择等方面对传统中药饮片调剂方式与中药配方颗粒调剂方式进行对比分析。结果 与传统中药饮片调剂方式相比,中药配方颗粒调剂方式在出错率、取药方便程度、药品剂量准确度、卫生、食用方便程度、携带存储及提高工作效率、降低工作强度、减少药物浪费等方面具有显著优势（P<0.01）。结论 中药配方颗粒调剂方式具有明显优势,但还存在许多不足,需要中医药工作者的不断完善与改进,发挥中医药优势。     

Inheritance and agronomic performance of an apetalous flower mutant in Brassica napus L

A spontaneous mutant with apetalous flowers was obtained from a hybrid progeny in Brassica napus. The result of genetic analysis showed that the apetalous character was controlled by only one gene locus, petalous flower exhibited incomplete dominance over apetalous flower and that its expression was not affected by cytoplasmic factors. Sixteen agronomically important characteristics of the apetalous line Apet33-10 were compared with those of its petalled near-isogenic line Pet33-10. Results from 4 years of tests indicated that there was no difference between Apet33-10 and Pet33-10 in all tested agronomic characteristics, except for the pod number of main inflorescence and second-order branches at low sclerotinia disease incidence. The Sclerotinia sclerotiorum disease severity index of Apet33-10 was significantly lower than that of Pet33-10, and correspondingly, the plot yield of Apet33-10 was increased obviously in comparison to that of Pet33-10 if sclerotinia disease was serious. The pod number of main inflorescence of Apet33-10 was significantly lower than that of Pet33-10. On the other hand, the pod number of second-order branches of Apet33-10 was significantly higher than that of Pet33-10, hence no overage difference of the pod number per plant was observed between the two lines.     

眼柄切除及注射黄体酮对中华绒螯蟹幼蟹卵巢发育的影响

采用切除单侧、双侧眼柄及注射黄体酮药物的方法研究对幼蟹卵巢发育的影响。结果表明,切除双侧眼柄可明显增加幼蟹体重、蜕壳频率,极显著提高卵巢指数、肝胰腺指数和卵巢／肝胰腺质量比,极显著增大卵母细胞直径;切除单侧眼柄可极显著增加卵巢指数和卵巢／肝胰腺质量比,极显著增大卵母细胞直径;注射黄体酮药物可极显著增大卵母细胞直径,卵巢指数、卵巢／肝胰腺质量比增加未达统计学上的显著水平。     

LC土壤改良剂对土壤盐碱及大白菜生长的影响

进行了LC土壤改良剂对盐碱土壤的改良及对大白菜出苗、生长、产量的影响效果试验。结果表明,LC土壤改良剂对降低土壤耕层(0～40cm)可溶性盐效果明显;在提高大白菜出苗率和产量上有一定作用。同时探讨了LC土壤改良剂施用量。     

30味中药提取物与环丙沙星联用对猪源链球菌体外抑菌作用研究

为筛选与环丙沙星联用对猪源链球菌具有协同抑菌作用的中药提取物,采用试管二倍稀释法测定30味中药醇提物、水提物的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）,采用棋盘稀释法测定30味中药醇提物、水提物与环丙沙星联用对猪源链球菌的部分抑菌浓度（FIC）,采用有机溶剂萃取法初步追踪与环丙沙星联用具有协同抑菌作用的中药萃取物的体外抑菌效果。结果显示,所选30味中药的水提物、醇提物对猪源链球菌均具有一定的抑菌作用,佩兰、黄连、枳壳、郁金等中药醇提物、水提物对猪源链球菌（pf—ce）抑菌活性较强,苍术水提物等对猪源链球菌的抑菌作用较弱;佩兰醇提物与环丙沙星联用对猪源链球菌的协同抑菌作用最强;佩兰醇提物的乙酸乙酯萃取物、氯仿萃取物与环丙沙星联用对猪源链球菌分别具有协同、相加抑菌作用。     

中药饲料添加剂对犬生长性能和生理生化指标的影响

目的：选取断奶期八哥犬40只,探讨中草药饲料添加剂对犬生长性能和饲料转化的影响。方法：将中药按1％比例添加到实验组犬日粮中。饲喂体重相近的幼犬8周,对照组喂基础日粮。每隔10d测定1次犬的各项生理生化指标。结果：中草药饲料添加剂能明显增加犬血中白细胞、淋巴细胞、红细胞、蛋白质和血红蛋白（P〈0．05）含量,降低血清脂肪含量（P〈0．05）,提高犬的日增重、日采食量和食物利用率（P〈0．05）,促进小肠吸收（P〈0．05）,促消化（P〈0．05）。