响应面法优化马蹄皮渣中总黄酮的微波提取工艺研究

[目的]为更好地利用马蹄加工皮渣中的资源,优化马蹄皮渣中总黄酮的微波提取工艺,得到得率较高的黄酮类化合物。[方法]采用 Box-Behnken中心组合响应面法优化马蹄粉加工皮渣中总黄酮的微波提取工艺,建立了不同影响因素与马蹄总黄酮得率之间的函数关系。[结果]确定最佳提取工艺条件为：乙醇浓度55.4%,料液比1：30 g/ml,微波功率320 W,微波3 min,在此条件下重复提取2次,理论得率为2.376%,经过验证得到总黄酮得率为2.365%,实测值与理论预测值之间的相对误差为0.461%。[结论]优化得到的提取工艺可靠,可为马蹄加工废弃物的综合高效利用提供参考依据。     

不同品种玉米须黄酮类含量研究

利用比色法和高压液相色谱法对在我国16个省采集的40个不同样品玉米须黄酮类总量和黄酮类单体化合物的含量进行了测定。结果表明,玉米须黄酮类总量随品种的不同差异很大,含量从不足0.1%到3%以上。黄酮类单体化合物的含量随品种的不同差异很大,化合物A、B、C、D、E的含量范围分别为:0～0.188%、0～0.149%、0～0.028%、0～0.045%、0～0.040%。     

Phenolics and Antioxidative Activities in Narrow-Leafed Lupins (Lupinus angustifolius L.)

Eight lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) genotypes grown at four locations in south central Alberta in 2004 were evaluated for variability in phenolic constituents and antioxidant activity measured by a photochemiluminescence assay. Genotype was the main source of variation for content of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities. Phenolic compounds in genotypes varied minimally from 11.9 to 14.7 mg catechin equivalent and 4.15 to 4.95 mg rutin equivalent g⁻¹ lupin for total phenolic and flavonoid contents, respectively. Lupin genotypes exhibited weak antioxidant activity based on water–soluble substances (ACW) of 0.54 to 1.07 μmole Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacities (TEAC)/g with lag time ranging from 70 to 153 s and an antioxidant index of 6.7 to 14.5 and 1.9 to 3.3 μmole TEAC/g based on measurements of lipid-soluble substances (ACL). Antioxidant activity of lupin genotypes was not related to phenolic contents of seeds.     

杜仲叶黄酮的超声提取及其抗氧化性研究

采用单因素和正交试验,优化了超声提取杜仲叶黄酮的最佳工艺条件。以杜仲叶为原料,40%乙醇为提取液,m(杜仲叶)∶m(提取液)=1∶60,浸泡2.5 h后,每次超声1 h,重复处理2次。在该条件下,黄酮提取率为17.14%。同时,测定了杜仲叶黄酮的体外抗氧化能力。研究表明,杜仲叶黄酮对羟自由基、超氧阴离子均有较强的清除作用,而且随着黄酮添加量的增大而增大,是一种天然有效的抗氧化剂。     

Characterization of Phaseolus vulgaris L. Landraces Cultivated in Central Italy

Eight Phaseolus vulgaris L. landraces cultivated on farm in marginal areas of Central Italy (Lazio region) were investigated in order to evaluate chemical composition of storage proteins and secondary metabolites fractions. The total protein content showed some differences among landraces; the maximum value was next to 30 g for 100 g of dry weight. The seed storage proteins were screened by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS/PAGE): seven landraces exhibited phaseolin patterns type S, one landrace showed a phaseolin pattern type T. A morphological analysis of cotyledon parenchyma performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed differences in size of starch granules. Moreover the polyphenolic composition was investigated using HPLC-APCI; from the methanol extracts a flavonoid, kaempferol, and a coumarin, 5,7-dimethoxycoumarin, were identified. To our knowledge, this is the first time that 5,7-dimethoxycoumarin has been reported in P. vulgaris seeds.     

苦丁茶中总黄酮的微波辅助提取工艺研究

[目的]探讨苦丁茶中总黄酮的微波辅助提取工艺。[方法]采用分光光度法测定苦丁茶总黄酮的含量,通过正交试验确定苦丁茶总黄酮微波辐射最佳提取工艺条件。[结果]最佳提取工艺条件为:微波功率为440W,乙醇浓度65%,微波加热时间为5min,液固比为30∶1,提取次数为2次,在最佳提取工艺条件下苦丁茶总黄酮得率为2.289%。[结论]微波辅助提取是一种快速高效提取苦丁茶总黄酮的新方法。     

Bacteriostatic effect of flavonoids isolated from leaves of Psidium guajava on fish pathogens

The antimicrobial activity against fish bacterial pathogens of flavonoids (morin, morin-3-O-lyxoside, morin-3-O-arabinoside, quercetin, and quercetin-3-O-arabinoside) isolated from the leaves of Psidium guajava was evaluated. The flavonoids were shown to have bacteriostatic effect on all of the tested bacteria.     

正交试验优选柴胡中黄酮类化合物提取工艺的研究

[目的]优选柴胡中黄酮提取的最佳工艺。[方法]采用正交试验法对柴胡中黄酮的提取工艺进行优选,以4个黄酮类活性成分(芦丁、槲皮素、山奈素和异鼠李素)的总含量为指标,采用液相方法测定。[结果]最佳工艺为在50℃的60%乙醇(料液比1∶5)中浸渍30 min,超声功率80 W提取20 min。[结论]该工艺合理,有效成分提取效率高。     

黄芩纤维构成及黄酮含量的差异分析

为分析不同粒度黄芩颗粒纤维构成及黄酮含量的差异性,以5种黄芩为研究对象,分别对不同品种、不同粒度的黄芩样品中木质素、半纤维素和纤维素等纤维构成及黄芩甙、汉黄芩甙、黄芩素和汉黄芩素等主要黄酮含量进行了测定。通过方差分析发现,不同粒度黄芩中纤维构成、黄芩甙、黄芩素和总黄酮含量差异显著(P<0.05),汉黄芩甙和汉黄芩素含量无显著性差异(P>0.05)。     

家蚕幼虫体黄酮类化合物的提取及测定方法

为推进家蚕幼虫体的药用开发,研究了家蚕幼虫体黄酮类化合物含量的测定方法。将家蚕幼虫粉过80目筛,选用80%乙醇为溶剂,原料质量浓度按00333g/mL在60℃下抽提4h,重复抽提3次,可高效地提取家蚕幼虫体黄酮类化合物。以NaNO2Al(NO3)3显色,用紫外分光光度计于510nm波长下比色,可精确、稳定地测定出家蚕幼虫体中黄酮类化合物含量。家蚕幼虫体富含黄酮类化合物,其质量比达23770mg/g左右。