盐胁迫对飞廉悬浮细胞的生长及黄酮类物质合成的影响

[目的]研究盐胁迫对飞廉悬浮细胞的生长及黄酮类物质代谢合成的影响。[方法]在培养细胞的不同生长时间添加不同浓度的盐溶液,在接种后不同时间测定细胞的鲜重和黄酮含量,考察不同盐胁迫时细胞生长和黄酮代谢合成的影响。[结果]在接种后第6天,往培养基中加入40mmoL／L的NaCl溶液进行盐胁迫处理,飞廉细胞的鲜重为对照组的0．930倍,黄酮类物质的舍量为对照组的2．015倍。[结论]盐胁迫处理可以显著提高飞廉悬浮细胞中黄酮类次生代谢产物的含量,但对细胞的生长有一定的抑制作用。     

青钱柳降血糖药效物质基础研究进展

综述了青钱柳降血糖药效成分黄酮类、多糖类及微量元素的研究进展,并对青钱柳药效成分的开发应用前景进行了展望。     

荷叶黄酮的提取工艺研究

[目的]优化荷叶总黄酮的提取工艺条件。[方法]以安徽合肥地区产的风干荷叶为材料,用乙醇热提法提取荷叶黄酮。以影响提取得率的因素固液比、提取时间、提取温度和乙醇体积分数为因素,通过正交试验筛选提取荷叶总黄酮的最佳工艺条件,并通过单因素试验对提取条件的重现性与稳定性进行验证。[结果]由正交试验极差K值可知各因素对荷叶黄酮提取得率影响的顺序为：提取温度〉固液比〉乙醇体积分数〉提取时间;根据节能的角度最终得出提取荷叶总黄酮的最佳工艺条件是：提取温度为80℃、料液比为1：20、乙醇体积分数为50％、提取时间为3h。单因素试验表明,重现性与稳定性试验与正交试验所得的结果基本符合。[结论]该研究为荷叶黄酮开发利用提供一定的参考依据。     

Effect of genotype and environment on flavonoid concentration and profile of black sorghum grains

In recent years, colored sorghum genotypes high in flavonoids have been developed. Flavonoid levels of eight black sorghum genotypes grown in four locations in Texas were evaluated to assess the relative genotype, environment and genotype × environment effects. Levels of total 3-deoxyanthocyanidins ranged from 292 μg/g to 499 μg/g and 251 μg/g to 804 μg/g across environments and genotypes, respectively. Total 3-deoxyanthocyanidins in sorghums from Halfway were low (178–694 μg/g) due to the reduction of their non-methoxylated forms. This reduction is likely due to significant grain weathering which was observed only at Halfway. In addition, flavanone and flavone levels were the lowest at Halfway with levels of 12 μg/g and 78 μg/g, respectively. For all flavonoids there was a genotype by environment interaction (p < 0.01) which suggests that environment had a different effect on flavonoid levels depending on the genotype. Color values L*, a* and b* did not correlate with flavonoid content. Due to genotype, environment and their interactions, sorghum breeders must evaluate these traits in multiple environments to identify genotypes with high and stable production of flavonoid compounds.     

响应面法优化枇杷花总黄酮超声波辅助提取工艺的研究

采用超声波辅助提取枇杷花中的总黄酮,研究超声波功率、乙醇浓度、提取温度、提取时间、液料比及提取次数对总黄酮提取得率的影响。根据单因素试验,选择在超声波功率80 W、一次浸提条件下优化提取工艺;采用Box-Behnken中心组合试验设计原理,设计4因素3水平试验,以响应面分析法优化乙醇浓度、提取温度、提取时间及液料比4个因素对总黄酮提取得率的影响。结果表明：当超声波功率为80 W时,枇杷花中总黄酮超声波辅助提取的优化工艺参数为：乙醇浓度47.33％、提取温度58.42 ℃、提取时间12.01 min、液料比（mL ∶ g）45.56 ∶ 1,在此条件下枇杷花总黄酮一次浸提的提取得率可达10.48％。     

响应面法优化叶下珠黄酮提取工艺

[目的]利用响应面分析法优化叶下珠黄酮的提取工艺。[方法]根据Box-Benhnken中心组合设计原理,以提取温度、提取时间、料液比三个因素为自变量,黄酮的提取得率为响应值,设计了3因素3水平响应面分析试验,来确定叶下珠黄酮提取的最佳工艺条件。[结果]叶下珠黄酮最佳提取工艺条件为：料液比1∶18,提取温度66℃,提取时间140 min,在此工艺条件下,叶下珠黄酮的提取得率可达到2.43%。[结论]该研究可为叶下珠资源的工业化生产提供理论依据和参考数据。     

宁夏沙枣中总黄酮的提取工艺研究

[目的]优化宁夏沙枣中总黄酮的提取工艺。[方法]采用乙醇回流法对沙枣中的总黄酮进行提取。在单因素试验的基础上,采用正交设计考察提取温度、乙醇浓度、提取时间和料液比对黄酮提取率的影响。[结果]最佳工艺条件如下：提取温度80℃,提取时间1h,提取剂为体积分数0.60的乙醇,料液比1∶18。在此条件下,宁夏沙枣中总黄酮的提取率可达3.070 mg/g。[结论]该研究为提高宁夏沙枣的药用功效和进一步开发利用提供了试验依据。     

复合酶在叶下珠有效成分提取中的应用

[目的]探索复合酶辅助提取叶下珠有效成分的工艺条件,为叶下珠的高效利用提供依据。[方法]以水为提取溶剂,以总黄酮提取得率为考察指标,选择料液比、提取温度、提取时间、纤维素酶浓度和果胶酶浓度等5因素4水平,用正交试验优选其最佳工艺条件。[结果]复合酶法提取叶下珠有效成分的最佳提取工艺为：提取时间2 h,料液比1∶25（g∶ml）,提取温度40℃,纤维素酶浓度1.4 g/L,果胶酶2.0 g/L。在此条件下,黄酮的提取率为1.589%。试验所考察的5个因素中,对提取率影响的主次顺序为：提取温度〉果胶酶浓度〉料液比〉提取时间〉纤维酶浓度。[结论]复合酶法提取省时、高效、低碳耗且提取率高,是一种对环境友好的方法。     

Artificial infection of Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. and defence responses to Exobasidium species

An inoculation method for Exobasidium splendidum and Exobasidium vaccinii was developed on the dwarf shrub Vaccinium vitis-idaea. Using inoculated ramets, we investigated whether there are differences between V. vitis-idaea populations in the susceptibility to Exobasidium infections and whether the defence reaction of V. vitis-idaea is visible at a molecular level. Sixteen V. vitis-idaea clones from four populations were propagated in tissue cultures and the ramets were inoculated with E. splendidum or E. vaccinii fungi. The expression of three flavonoid biosynthetic genes (chalcone synthase, dihydroflavonol 4-reductase and anthocyanidin synthase) and the accumulation of flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acids were determined in response to E. splendidum infection. A pathogenesis-related (PR 4) gene was isolated and its expression was studied in host ramet leaves. To our knowledge, this was the first successful artificial infection reported with E. splendidum. Disease frequencies of the inoculated ramets were between 32% and 47% for E. splendidum and 33% for E. vaccinii, but below 10% in uninoculated control ramets. There were no differences in disease frequencies between V. vitis-idaea populations. Both symptomatic leaves and healthy leaves of diseased ramets showed activation of flavonoid biosynthesis at the gene level, whereas expression of PR 4 was observed only in symptomatic leaves. The increase of flavonoid biosynthesis in healthy leaves of diseased ramets may represent a general response to stress or a role in defence against the pathogen E. splendidium. Ability of V. vitis-idaea to defend chemically against Exobasidium fungi and the heterogeneity of genotypes, age, size, and growth rates in host plant populations might be reasons for the low infection incidence of Exobasidia in nature.     

微波辅助提取莲心黄酮类物质工艺参数的优化

为了探讨微波辅助提取莲心中黄酮类物质的工艺条件,研究微波功率、微波提取时间及料液比对莲心黄酮类物质提取效果的影响,通过正交试验设计优化其提取工艺参数。结果表明：影响莲心黄酮类物质提取效果的主次因素顺序为微波提取时间>微波功率>料液比,最佳提取工艺参数为微波功率700 W,微波提取时间10 min,料液比2:100 (g:mL),在此条件下莲心黄酮类物质提取率为1.8725%;与传统水浸提方法相比,该方法可以提高提取率,缩短提取时间。