D-101-1大孔树脂吸附纯化杜仲总黄酮研究

[目的]筛选D-101-1大孔树脂吸附纯化杜仲总黄酮的最佳工艺。[方法]在80℃条件下,用70%乙醇（料液比为1∶10）回流提取2次,每次2h,以杜仲总黄酮的纯度和得率为考察指标,对D-101-1净品型大孔树脂吸附纯化杜仲总黄酮的工艺进行了筛选。[结果]洗脱溶剂为70%乙醇时,杜仲总黄酮的分离纯化效果最好,杜仲总黄酮的纯度为54.43%,得率为2.61%。[结论]该方法操作简便,树脂再生容易,方法可取。     

超声波法提取黄芩中总黄酮的研究

[目的]筛选提取总黄酮的最佳条件。[方法]黄芩粉碎后,经过不同处理,研究不同因素对萃取液吸光度的影响。[结果]以60%乙醇作萃取剂的提取效率最高,浸泡时间越长,吸光度值越小。超声处理30min时,萃取液在各波长下的吸光度值均最高。吸光度值随料液比值增大而增大。从30～50℃时,黄芩萃取液的吸光度值均随温度升高而增大,但当温度升高至60℃时,吸光度值已无太大变化,甚至出现下降。二次萃取的吸光度值仅相当于一次萃取的10%。超声波萃取法优于索氏提取法。[结论]超声萃取黄芩中总黄酮的最佳提取条件是:萃取剂为60%的乙醇水溶液,料液比1∶50(g/ml),50℃萃取30min。     

直立型川麦冬黄酮含量变化规律的初步研究

[目的]初步探讨直立型川麦冬黄酮含量的变化规律。[方法]在川麦冬主产区,采用原位动态法采集供试品,硫酸-苯酚比色法测定麦冬黄酮含量,相关回归法分析麦冬黄酮与生育时间的变化规律。[结果]直立型川麦冬中的黄酮含量y(mg/g)与生育时间x(d)的变化规律是:y=1.2356 lnx-4.748 9(n=7,50≤x≤730,0≤y≤3.128,r0.001=0.9507,r=0.9542)。[结论]在一定生育时间范围内(0≤x≤730 d),直立型川麦冬中的黄酮含量y(mg/g)与生育时间x(d)呈极显著的正相关关系。     

黄芩黄酮浸提过程动力学模型适用性分

为考察一级一项和一级两项动力学模型对黄芩黄酮浸提过程的模拟效果,通过不同浸提温度下的黄芩黄酮浸提过程试验,采用最小二乘法回归分别计算两动力学模型的参数.结果表明:两模型对黄芩黄酮浸提过程的拟合效果都较为理想(R2>0.9800,RSD小于1.00%);但一级两项模型的快速、慢速浸提速率常数等参数随温度变化的趋势未能反映相应的物理意义.因此,一级一项动力学模型更适用于黄芩黄酮浸提过程的模拟.     

山楂籽中黄酮类化合物最佳提取工艺

利用正交实验设计探讨山楂籽中黄酮类化合物的最佳提取工艺。研究结果表明：在70℃条件下回流提取3次（每1g山楂籽用15mL80％的乙醇），每次1.5h，山楂籽中黄酮类化合物提取的效果最好。     

黄芩中天然防晒剂的索氏提取工艺研究

以确定黄芩药材中总黄酮类化合物提取的最佳提取条件为目的.以黄芩总黄酮得率为参考指标,采用单因素试验和正交设计法对提取时间(4、5、6 h)、溶剂中乙醇用量(60、80、100 mL)以及物料粒径数(10～40、40～70、70目)等影响因素进行考察,确定最优提取条件.结果表明:提取黄芩药材中黄酮类成分的最佳提取方案为乙醇用量100 mL,提取6 h,物料粒径数为40～70目.通过方差分析发现3个因素对黄芩的提取影响都不显著.乙醇索氏提取法简便、省时、经济,在测定总黄酮时可以考虑用乙醇索氏法来提取.试验为防晒霜的配置提供了一定的试验基础.     

Antihyperlipidemic Effect of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Aronia melanocarpa</Emphasis> Fruit Juice in Rats Fed a High-Cholesterol Diet

Aronia melanocrpa fruit juice (AMFJ) used in our experiment was very rich in phenolic substances (709.3 mg gallic acid equivalents/100 ml juice). Anthocyanins (106.8 mg cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalents/100 ml juice) were the main flavonoid group. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of AMFJ on plasma lipids and lipoprotein profile, and histopathology of liver and aorta in rats with dietary-induced hyperlipidemia. AMFJ was administered by gavage for 30 days at doses of 5, 10 and 20 ml/kg body weight to rats fed a standard diet (SD) or a 4% cholesterol-containing diet (4% ChD). The 4% ChD caused a significant elevation of plasma total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglycerides (TG). AMFJ did not significantly influence plasma lipids in rats fed the SD and significantly hindered the elevation of plasma TC, LDL-C and TG in rats fed the 4% ChD. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were not significantly influenced either by the 4% ChD or by AMFJ. Neither the cholesterol feeding, nor AMFJ treatment induced any histopathological changes in rat liver and aorta. In conclusion, AMFJ showed an antihyperlipidemic effect in rats with hyperlipidemia and could be valuable in reducing this factor of cardiovascular risk.     

Antioxidant,Antimicrobial and Genotoxicity Screening of Hydro-alcoholic Extracts of Five Serbian <Emphasis Type="Italic">Equisetum</Emphasis> Species

The hydro-alcoholic extracts of five Equisetum species, E. arvense L., E. sylvaticum L., E. fluviatile L., E. palustre L. and E. telmateia Ehrh., growing-wild in Serbia were evaluated for their genotoxicity, antimicrobial activity, antioxidant capacity and the results related to the total phenol content and HPLC flavonoid profiles. The total phenol content was 92–349 μmol expressed as equivalents of chlorogenic acid per g of dried plant material. Main identified compounds were kaempferol-, quercetin- glycosides and caffeic acid derivatives. E. telmateia extract showed the greatest antioxidant capacity. Almost all tested microorganisms demonstrated some degree of sensitivity to the examined extracts. All tested extracts at 62.5 μg/ml showed higher incidence of micronucleus formation than in the control sample. The obtained data allowed mutual comparison of examined species and their assessment as possible sources of antioxidants, antimicrobials and/or genotoxic substances.     

荞麦功能性成分及相关食品开发

近年来,国内外对荞麦的营养成分和工艺探索越来越关注,荞麦中富含蛋白质、黄酮类化合物和酚类物质,有很高的营养价值和广阔的市场前景。本文综述了荞麦主要功能性成分和加工制品,以期为荞麦酒和荞麦醋等荞麦加工制品的研究提供参考。     

Comparison of ‘Verna’ lemon juice quality for new ingredients and food products

Two clonal selections of lemon trees (‘Verna-62’ and ‘Verna-50-2’), were studied in aiming to ascertain the influence of genetic (clone) and environmental (season) factors on the human-health bioactive compounds of the lemon juice (vitamin C and flavonoids) and the possible relationship between composition and in vitro antioxidant capacity (DPPH, ABTS and FRAP) of the juice. The average values determined in bioactives were 13–26 mg·100 mL⁻¹ in total of analysed phenolics and 23–29 mg·100 mL⁻¹ in vitamin C content. Variability in the weather conditions and internal physiological phenomena of the fruits such as biosynthesis and transport, could determine, at least in part, differences in the contents of lemon juice bioactives more importantly than the genetic background, providing the food industry with phytochemically rich and nutritive lemons for processing and functional ingredients.