微波提取苦荞籽粒总黄酮最佳工艺的研究

以苦荞籽粒为原料,采用单因素试验和正交试验结合,研究了微波功率、乙醇浓度、固液比、萃取时间等工艺参数对总黄酮含量的影响.结果表明,微波萃取苦荞籽粒黄酮,微波功率、乙醇浓度、固液比、萃取时间对总黄酮含量都有影响,次序为乙醇浓度＞微波功率＞固液比＞萃取时间.微波提取苦荞麦黄酮的较优组合为:微波功率360 W、乙醇浓度60%、固液比1:60、萃取时间4 min.     

增强UV-B条件下类黄酮与苦荞逆境伤害和抗氧化酶的关系

经增强UV-B处理后,苦荞水培苗表现出胁迫效应,其相对电导率和MDA含量提高,而叶绿素含量和光合速率下降。增强UV-B处理诱导叶片类黄酮含量提高,但高幅照度和长时间UV-B处理则使后期类黄酮含量下降。叶片类黄酮含量与UV-B逆境伤害程度和抗氧化酶活性相关,外施类黄酮物质芦丁可以降低MDA含量和维持SOD活性在较高水平。     

乙醇法提取枇杷叶总黄酮的研究

对乙醇法提取枇杷叶黄酮的工艺进行研究,采用单因素试验法对影响枇杷叶中黄酮类物质提取率的主要因素进行了考察,利用正交试验优化了提取黄酮类物质的最佳工艺条件。确定了枇杷叶总黄酮的最佳提取工艺为∶料液比1∶50,提取温度80℃,提取时间3 h,乙醇浓度50%。在最佳提取工艺条件下测得解放钟枇杷叶中总黄酮含量为0.3805%,回收率98.37%。     

金银木叶总黄酮提取工艺的响应面设计优化

[目的]优化并确定金银木叶中总黄酮的最佳提取工艺。[方法]在单因素试验的基础上,选用乙醇体积分数、提取温度、液料比作为研究对象,通过3因素、3水平的Box-Behnken响应面法确定金银木叶总黄酮提取的最佳工艺。[结果]试验表明,金银木叶总黄酮的最佳提取工艺为,乙醇体积分数68%,提取温度67℃,液料比27∶1 ml/g,在此条件下,黄酮提取率可达到12.88%。[结论]研究可为金银木的充分利用以及新的抗氧化药物的开发提供参考依据。     

香附黄酮的体外抗氧化活性研究

[目的]对香附黄酮的抗氧化作用进行研究。[方法]以浓度95%乙醇为溶剂,水浴回流提取香附中的黄酮,然后采用比色法测定香附黄酮对DPPH.、.OH和O2-.3种自由基的清除作用以及还原能力。[结果]香附黄酮对3种自由基都有明显的清除作用,清除能力大小顺序为DPPH.>.OH>O2-.;清除率与浓度存在明显的量效关系,当黄酮浓度为0.4 mg/L时,其对O2-.的清除率为25.5%,DPPH.的为67.0%,.OH的为28.5%;还原Fe3+能力随黄酮的浓度增加而增强。[结论]香附黄酮具有较强的抗氧化活性。     

不同发育类型的麦冬块根中黄酮含量变化规律比较

[目的]研究国产优质麦冬块根不同发育阶段的麦冬黄酮含量的相关性规律,确定其品质特征,为麦冬GAP质量控制及资源综合开发利用提供科学依据。[方法]在杭麦冬(3年生)和川麦冬(1年生)主产区采集植株块根样品,按照鲜块根等级划分标准分级,微波杀酶-50℃恒温烘干,采用紫外分光光度法分别测定各等级麦冬块根的黄酮含量,并运用SPSS17.0版统计软件分析不同发育阶段麦冬块根平均生物量与麦冬黄酮含量的相关性规律。[结果]不同发育阶段的麦冬块根的黄酮平均含量分别为杭麦冬0.121%～0.192%和川麦冬0.135%～0.208%;随着麦冬植株块根发育阶段进程增加,麦冬块根的内含物积累总量与麦冬黄酮含量呈极显著的负相关降低(P<0.001),其回归方程分别为:杭麦冬y1=-0.047x+0.2(r2=0.997);川麦冬y2=-0.050x+0.217(r2=0.992)。[结论]麦冬块根阶段发育的内含物积累总量与麦冬次生代谢产物黄酮的含量密切相关,国产麦冬块根的传统等级规格的划分是有一定科学道理的。     

青稞类黄酮提取工艺研究

[目的]研究青稞类黄酮的最佳提取工艺。[方法]采用单因素试验考察乙醇体积分数、提取温度、提取时间和料液比对青稞类黄酮提取率的影响,并用正交试验确定类黄酮的最佳提取工艺。[结果]青稞类黄酮的最佳提取工艺为料液比1∶20,提取时间2 h,提取温度35℃,乙醇体积分数为50%。[结论]该研究可为青稞的综合开发与利用提供科学依据。     

Compositional analysis and in vivo anti-diabetic activity of wild Algerian Marrubium vulgare L. infusion

Marrubium vulgare (Lamiaceae) is a plant traditionally used for the treatment of diabetes in Algeria. Compositional analysis of the aqueous infusion revealed the presence of fifteen metabolites, all belonging to the class of polyphenols. Particularly, seven flavonoids have been detected, together with 5-caffeoylquinic (chlorogenic) acid in small amounts; the extract is dominated by the presence of a series of complex molecules, characterized as verbascoside (acteoside) derivatives. Concerning the anti-diabetic effectiveness a series of in vivo experiments were carried out on albinos Wistar rats. Diabetes was induced in the animals by intra-peritoneal injection of alloxane; they were treated twice a day with aqueous extract from aerial part infusion (100, 200 and 300 mg/kg body weight) and glibenclamide (5mg/kg body weight) for 15 days. Oral administration of 200 and 300 mg/kg body weight of aqueous extract the Marrubium vulgare induced an significant effect antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic (dose-dependent effect). A decrease in blood glucose by 50% for the dose 100 mg/kg and more than 60% for doses 200 and 300 mg/kg, as well as a significant lowering of total lipids, triglycerides, and total cholesterol levels in treated animals, compared with diabetic controls group (p<0.001), have been observed. Glibenclamide was used as reference and showed similar effects.     

Evaluation of phenolics and antioxidant activity of black sorghum hybrids

Black sorghums possess very high levels of the rare 3-deoxyanthocyanidins which can be used as natural food colorants with health benefits. However, these sorghum genotypes have undesirable agronomic properties (i.e. high height, low yield, increased weathering). Black sorghum hybrids with improved agronomic properties were developed and their phenolic profiles and antioxidant activity were compared with black sorghum lines. Black sorghum hybrids were significantly lighter in colour than the lines (P < 0.001). All hybrids had a pigmented testa which was indicated by the presence of condensed tannins, which significantly increased total phenol levels and antioxidant activity. The 3-deoxyanthocyanidin, flavan-4-ol, and flavone levels were significantly lower in the hybrids (P < 0.001) and were strongly correlated to pericarp colour (P < 0.001). Flavanone levels were not significantly different among the lines and hybrids (P > 0.05) and pericarp colour did not affect their levels (P > 0.05). Even though the 3-deoxyanthocyanidin levels were lower in black sorghum hybrids than in the lines, the presence of condensed tannins in the hybrids significantly increased their antioxidant activity. Since 3-deoxyanthocanidin levels were dependent on pericarp colour, hybrids with increased blackness intensity should be developed to increase the stable 3-deoxyanthocyanidins.     

油杉花粉萌发与花粉管细胞骨架系统的研究

应用免疫荧光标记法结合激光扫描共聚焦显微镜术对油杉花粉管中的微管、微丝骨架进行观察.结果表明:伸长的花粉管大致可分为3个区,即位于顶端的管细胞区、体细胞区和其后的退化区;花粉管中微管与微丝的分布样式不同;微管骨架主要分布于管细胞区和体细胞区,而退化区的微管较稀疏;管细胞区内微管呈网状结构,微管一直延伸至花粉管极顶端;体细胞具独立的微管系统.花粉管内微丝骨架呈轴向排列于整个花粉管,自花粉粒内一直延伸至花粉管顶端,粗微丝束几乎平行于花粉管的长轴.本研究结果为进一步研究微管与微丝骨架系统在油杉花粉管顶端极性生长中的作用提供依据.