商丘市道路绿化现状与分析

为做好商丘市树种规划与选择,笔者对商丘市城市道路绿化现状进行调查。结果表明,商丘市道路绿化中栽植的植物共167种(包括12个品种及变种),隶属42科,城区中的15条道路,整体配置模式有一板二带式、二板三带式、三板四带式,四板五带式,共有行道树树种15个,分车带绿化植物约有72种。研究分析了商丘市区道路绿化的现状及存在的问题,在此基础上提出了商丘市城市道路绿化的发展对策。     

Human Impacts on Forest Biodiversity in Protected Walnut-Fruit Forests in Kyrgyzstan

We used a spatially explicit model of forest dynamics, supported by empirical field data and socioeconomic data, to examine the impacts of human disturbances on a protected forest landscape in Kyrgyzstan. Local use of 27 fruit and nut species was recorded and modeled. Results indicated that in the presence of fuelwood cutting with or without grazing, species of high socioeconomic importance such as Juglans regia, Malus spp., and Armeniaca vulgaris were largely eliminated from the landscape after 50–150 yr. In the absence of disturbance or in the presence of grazing only, decline of these species occurred at a much lower rate, owing to competitive interactions between tree species. This suggests that the current intensity of fuelwood harvesting is not sustainable. Conversely, current grazing intensities were found to have relatively little impact on forest structure and composition, and could potentially play a positive role in supporting regeneration of tree species. These results indicate that both positive and negative impacts on biodiversity can arise from human populations living within a protected area. Potentially, these could be reconciled through the development of participatory approaches to conservation management within this reserve, to ensure the maintenance of its high conservation value while meeting human needs.     

Woody species composition,diversity and structure of riparian forests of four watercourses types in Burkina Faso

Riparian forests are classified as endangered ecosystems in general,particularly in sahelian countries like Burkina Faso because of human-induced alterations and civil engineering works.The modification of this important habitat is continuing,with little attention being paid to the ecological or human consequences of these changes.The objective of this study is to describe the variation of woody species diversity and dynamic in riparian forests on different type of watercourse banks along phytogeographical gradient in Burkina Faso.All woody species were systematically measured in 90 sample plots with sides of 50 m × 20 m.Density,dominance,frequency and species and family importance values were computed to characterize the species composition.Different diver-sity indices were calculated to examine the heterogeneity of riparian forests.A total of 196 species representing 139 genera and 51 families were recorded in the overall riparian forests.The species richness of individuals with dbh ≥ 5cm increased significantly from the North to the South along the phytogeographical gradient and varied significantly between the different types of riparian forests.Similarity in tree species composition between riparian forests was low,which indicates high beta diversity and reflects differences in habitat conditions and topography.The structural characteristics varied significantly along the phyto-geographical gradient and between the different types of riparian forests.The diameter class distribution of trees in all riparian forests showed a reverse "J" shaped curve except riparian forest of stream indicating vegetation dominated by juvenile individuals.Considering the ecological importance of riparian forest,there is a need to delineate and classify them along watercourses throughout the country.     

大鸿寨山野生黄栌生态学特性及应用

为查清河南省禹州市大鸿寨山野生黄栌种群的生态学特征,解决其种质资源的有效保护和可持续利用问题,采用植物群落野外调查方法和地理信息系统技术研究了大鸿寨山野生黄栌的种群类型、生态特性.结果表明,大鸿寨山野生黄栌有3个变种;有5种植被型,其中1种为纯林,4种为混生灌丛,经种群数量特征量化分析,属于大鸿寨山山地旱生生境的优势生态类群大多分布于山顶、缓坡上,具有耐土壤干旱、耐寒、种子萌发力强等特点,既可以做山地次生林改造时的保留树种,又可以当园林绿化观赏、药用、化工原料等资源型植物,具有较大的综合开发应用价值,应加快其野生引种技术的研究,兼顾保护与合理利用.     

北京市农业野生植物资源普查与研究

通过2003-2007年的普查,首次查明了北京市农业野生植物种类和分布现状。普查结果表明,北京市农业野生植物有1084种,其中国家级农业野生保护植物1种;国家级野生药用植物13种;新记录野生植物54种;外来入侵植物76种;珍稀濒危植物93种,为北京市编制重点保护野生植物名录,开展野生植物保护和可持续开发利用野生植物资源提供了科学依据。     

海南岛外来入侵生物分析

据调查,海南岛外来入侵生物已达近200种,对当地生物多样性和农林牧渔业造成了严重的影响。随着旅游、商贸和工农业等的迅速发展,外来入侵生物将会越来越多,对生态系统的影响将会更加严重。     

乡土树种在温州市城乡生态建设中的应用探析

分析乡土树种在城乡生态建设中的重要性和必要性,针对温州市乡土树种应用的现状及问题,提出乡土树种开发利用的措施与建议.     

两类SSR对苜蓿属种质遗传多样性和亲缘关系的比较研究

利用33对细胞核SSR标记和28对叶绿体SSR标记对38份苜蓿属种质进行了遗传多样性和亲缘关系分析。在38份苜蓿属种质中,叶绿体SSR标记的平均等位变异数高于细胞核SSR标记,而遗传多样性指数则相反;分别用细胞核SSR、叶绿体SSR和61对SSR标记对38份苜蓿属种质进行聚类,结果显示:3次聚类都把38份苜蓿属种质划分为一年生和多年生苜蓿两个大类群;以相似系数0.8为准,3次聚类结果的差异主要显示在一年生苜蓿内部尤其是蒺藜苜蓿种质内的品种(系)划分上。     

不同污染条件下绿化树种对大气二氧化硫吸收积累能力的研究

采用HNO3-HClO4消煮、BaSO4比浊法测定了徐州市污染区和相对清洁区13种树种叶片中的含硫量,通过单因素方差分析和系统聚类分析,比较了各树种间对大气SO2吸收积累能力的差异性,以期筛选出对SO2净化能力强的树种,为未来徐州市城区绿化结构调整与改造提供科学依据。结果表明:在同一污染条件下,各树种对SO2的吸收积累能力普遍存在极显著差异,随着大气SO2污染的加重,差异越显著;同种树种在不同污染条件下对SO2的吸收积累能力普遍存在极显著差异;女贞对大气SO2具有很强的吸收积累能力,意大利杨、法国梧桐和雪松对大气SO2具有很强的吸收积累的潜在能力,女贞、意大利杨、法国梧桐和雪松是用于净化大气SO2的理想树种。针叶树种对SO2的吸收积累能力普遍弱于阔叶树种。     

2006-2018年河南省漯河市蛴螬优势种变化及其与秋作物种植面积的关系

为绿色防控蛴螬,于2006—2018年秋作物收获后、小麦播种前,调查河南省漯河市5个区县不同茬口秋作物田内金龟子幼虫种类、虫口密度以及主要秋作物种植面积,同时在漯河市农业科学院试验基地内设置1台黑光灯,监测金龟子成虫的上灯种类和数量。结果表明,2006—2018年,铜绿丽金龟Anomala corpulenta幼虫平均密度由2006年的2.06头/m2下降到2018年的1.01头/m2,所占比例从2006年的94.12%下降到2018年的38.37%;暗黑鳃金龟Holotrichia parallela幼虫平均密度由2006年的0.06头/m2上升到2018年的1.59头/m2,所占比例从2006年的2.61%增加到2018年的60.46%,表明金龟子幼虫优势种由铜绿丽金龟变为暗黑鳃金龟。灯下金龟子成虫种类和数量变化与金龟子幼虫变化趋势相同。暗黑鳃金龟幼虫密度与玉米种植面积、红薯种植面积呈显著负相关,相关系数分别为-0.657和-0.690,暗黑鳃金龟幼虫密度与大豆种植面积、花生种植面积呈显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.753和0.657,表明大豆、花生种植面积增加,玉米、红薯种植面积减...