Mesoscale eddies and survival of late stage Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax) larvae

We examined the distribution of sardine larvae relative to environmental conditions with the purpose of identifying and characterizing habitat that encourages high larval growth and survival, based on the 1983–1998 surveys of the California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations (CalCOFI). Long-term averages show that sardine 'survivors' (spatially aggregated larvae ≥ 18 days old) were most abundant offshore, whereas sardine egg density, chlorophyll biomass and zooplankton volume were greatest inshore. In contrast, mesoscale eddies, observed in remotely sensed sea surface temperature imagery, were found only in offshore regions. To further examine the link between eddies – which often result in locally elevated chlorophyll and zooplankton – and sardine survival, we compared the distribution of larvae and eddies survey by survey. Sardine survivors were most abundant offshore in only one-quarter of the research surveys, and when they were most abundant offshore they were associated with eddies. This indicates that the offshore eddy habitat produced exceptionally large numbers of survivors, as evidenced by the disproportionate effect on the long-term average.     

闽东北外海渔场银方头鱼渔业生物学初步研究

闽东北外海底层流刺网作业渔获的银头鱼群体由1～6龄11个世代构成,以2、3和4龄占优势;体长优势组为210～270mm,体重优势组为200～400g,体长与体重的关系W=2.1120×10~(-5)×L~(2.9964)r=0.9970。初次性成熟年龄为2～3龄,最小性成熟个体体长为190mm,在4～8月均有产卵活动;按von Bertalanffy方程拟合生长参数:L_(∝)=436.21mm,W_(∝)=1715.05g,k=0.2357,t_0=-0.9542,体重生长拐点年龄为3.702龄。     

东海区海洋渔业资源近况浅析

根据渔获产量统计和鱼类生物学资料对东海区海洋渔业资源动态作了分析。结果表明：近几年东海区海洋渔业捕捞产量虽连年增长，但主要是靠大幅度提高捕捞强度等措施获得。渔获物中增加的主要是经济鱼类的幼鱼和低值小杂鱼类，渔获物小型化、低龄化等过度捕捞现象仍然十分严重。渔业资源结构日趋恶化，渔业资源状况并没有明显改善。     

枸杞岛海藻场夏、秋季的渔业资源变化

基于2005年夏、秋两季对枸杞岛海藻场渔业资源的调查数据,对海藻场内外渔业资源的组成、优势种变化、主要资源种类生物学特征以及多样性和相似性进行了研究。结果表明,枸杞岛海藻场内的渔业生物组成的季节变化比藻场外明显,但岩礁性鱼类除外;藻场内优势种夏季多于秋季,而藻场外两季相同,褐菖鲉在夏、秋季的藻场内皆为优势种;各种类生物学特征也存在着明显的季节差异,夏季的性比差别大,秋季接近平衡,平均年龄秋季大于夏季,平均摄食强度夏季高于秋季;多样性值在夏、秋两季海藻场外皆大于海藻场内。藻场内外,夏季的多样性指数都大于秋季;同一季节藻场内外的相似性很低,不同季节,藻场内的相似性同样很低。通过现场调查及生物学实验,夏季海藻场作为幼小鱼类的索饵场所的生态功能得到了确认。     

A size-structured model for a stock-recovery program for an exploited endemic fisheries resource

The size of harvests temporarily decreases following stock-recovery programs for overexploited resources. The process of stock recovery is quite uncertain, because of unknown life-history parameters, changes in environmental conditions, and human impact. To project future stock recovery, we considered a size-structured matrix model of a stock-recovery program, in which the minimum body size in the first harvest is increased. We applied some common concepts, including yield per recruitment, spawning per recruitment, and reproductive value, to a size-structured matrix model that incorporated economic discounting. The size-structured model predicted the following characteristics in stock-recovery processes: several years must pass for the harvest to increase, and the time-lag between the inception of the management program and the increase in the catch is caused by intergenerational momentum in demography. We also investigated the effects on the recovery process of temporal environmental fluctuations. We applied our model to a stock-recovery program of the corbiculid Seta clam (Corbicula sandai) in Lake Biwa, Japan.     

Interactions between bivalve shellfish farms and fishery resources

The only possible way to increase seafood yields from many coastal and continental shelf regions of the world is through aquaculture. The most ecologically efficient forms of aquaculture are those operations culturing plants and lower trophic level animals, such as bivalve molluscs. It is therefore understandable why culturing of these organisms has steadily increased over at least the last two decades. However, the expansion of large-scale aquaculture has costs in terms of loss of water space that could be used for other activities, and carbon flows directed through the bivalves that could have been used to support other marine plants and animals (predation and production foregone). The dominant present users of many, if not most, coastal and continental shelf regions are commercial and, in some cases, recreational and indigenous customary fishers. Therefore, in many cases, it is these stakeholders who will stand to pay much of the direct costs of the expansion of aquaculture. Therefore, it is inevitable that in some cases, there will be conflict between these sectors as water space becomes more in demand and, hence, more valuable. Resource managers are therefore faced with making resource allocation decisions between alternate sectors, and these decisions should be based on robust knowledge of the costs and benefits of each alternative use. In the case of allocation decisions between bivalve aquaculture and wild stock fisheries, there is presently a paucity of knowledge surrounding the interactions between these two activities. The aim of the work presented here was to develop a framework for understanding these interactions and applying the framework in a case study in New Zealand.     

我国海洋渔业执法体系及发展思考

在分析我国海洋渔业执法现状和存在问题的基础上,结合我国海洋渔业实际情况,对我国海洋渔业执法体系进行研究,并为解决有关问题提出建议.     

Multi-trophic consequences of kelp harvest

Coastal kelp forest ecosystems provide important habitats for a diverse assemblage of invertebrates, fish and marine top-predators such as seabirds and sea mammals. Although kelp is harvested industrially on a worldwide scale little is known about the multi-trophic consequences of this habitat removal. We investigated how kelp fisheries, which remove feeding and nursery grounds of coastal fish, influence local food webs and the availability of food to a marine top predator, the great cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo). We conducted experimental harvesting of the canopy-forming kelp (Laminaria hyperborea) during a 3 year period (2001-2003) in an area at the coast of Central Norway while synoptically monitoring fish occurrence and cormorant foraging parameters. Our results demonstrate that cormorants preferentially foraged within kelp-forested areas and performed significantly more dives when feeding in harvested versus un-harvested areas suggesting lower foraging yield in the former case. In kelp areas that were newly harvested the number of small (<15 cm) gadid fish was 92% lower than in un-harvested areas. This effect was persistent for at least 1 year following harvest. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the ecological consequences of kelp harvesting have been tested at a multi-trophic level. The results presented strongly suggest that kelp harvesting affects fish abundance and diminishes coastal seabird foraging efficiency. Kelp fisheries are currently managed in order to maximize the net harvest of kelp biomass, and the underlying effects on the ecosystems are partly ignored. This study calls for re-assessment of such management practices.     

努力开创海洋与渔业工作新局面

在总结辽宁海洋产业取得新成就的基础上 ,对所面临的新形势进行了全面分析 ,提出了当前全省海洋与水产工作的指导思想、奋斗目标、工作重点和具体措施     

关于碱性水域水化因子与渔业利用问题的探讨

根据1986～1992年对三勇水库、敖包泡等几个碱性水域的渔业状况及水化学观测的结果,总结了养鱼水域碱度的高限指标。提出碱度16 mmol·L~(-1)(pH9.24)是可进行鲤、草、鲢精养的碱度上限。碱度在18 mmol·L~(-1)(pH9.42)以上的水域要选择耐碱鱼类养殖。鲢鳙在此水域中不能存活。