75%吡蚜酮WP对水稻稻飞虱的田间防治效果

[目的]进一步明确75%吡蚜酮WP对水稻稻飞虱的田间防治效果。[方法]设置66.00 g/hm275%吡蚜酮WP、100.05 g/hm275%吡蚜酮WP、160.05 g/hm275%吡蚜酮WP,以300.00 g/hm225%吡蚜酮WP为对照,研究各处理对水稻稻飞虱的防治效果。[结果]药后3 d 66.00 g/hm275%吡蚜酮WP、100.05 g/hm275%吡蚜酮WP、160.05 g/hm275%吡蚜酮WP的平均防治效果为71.75%、79.19%、84.60%,药后20 d的防治效果为65.23%、76.52%、81.11%。[结论]160.05 g/hm275%吡蚜酮WP可有效地控制稻飞虱对水稻的危害。     

基于田间调查的冬小麦倒伏原因研究

小麦是我国主要农作物之一,而冬小麦种植面积占小麦总面积的84％～90％。山东省是我国冬小麦主产区之一。冬小麦在种植生产过程中,易受到虫灾害、倒伏及旱涝、冻害等气象灾害的威胁。2013年5月25—27日,山东省多地遭遇狂风暴雨天气,全省冬小麦倒伏严重。在小麦倒伏后田间样方调查的基础上,通过样品统计数据分析,总结了冬小麦倒伏的原因,并给出了预防措施。     

农村土地调查外业调查技术方法的改进——以江西省东乡县第二次土地调查农村土地调查为例

基于在江西省东乡县农村土地调查外业调查的工作实践,对农村土地调查外业调查重要环节和关键技术进行总结和分析,在外业调查中调查底图、调查工具、地类判读和地物补测4个方面提出改进措施.结果表明,通过以上4个方面的改进,对加快外业调查进度和提高外业调查成果质量起到了积极作用.     

20%烯啶虫胺水剂防治稻飞虱的田间药效

[目的]试验20%烯啶虫胺水剂对稻飞虱的防治效果。[方法]通过小区试验和示范区试验,研究20%烯啶虫胺水剂防治稻飞虱的效果。[结果]20%烯啶虫胺水剂对稻飞虱有明显的控制作用,有较好的速效性和较长的持效性,对水稻生长安全。建议在稻飞虱低龄若虫高峰期用药,用药量在375 ml/hm2左右。[结论]为稻田稻飞虱的防控提供了参考。     

普光气田高含硫腐蚀缺陷输气管道安全评价

普光气田是中国特大型高含硫酸性气田,随着气田不断开采,集输工艺管道腐蚀问题日益突出。对普光气田高含硫输气管道所用L360管线钢开展应力-应变参数测试试验,采用Solid186单元对含缺陷腐蚀管道进行建模,基于非线性有限元隐式积分算法与塑性失效准则,分析了腐蚀缺陷参数对高含硫输气管道极限承载能力的影响规律,并通过静水压爆破试验,验证了模型的准确性。结果表明:腐蚀缺陷对高含硫输气管道强度的影响主要表现为局部应力集中;缺陷深度系数对高含硫输气管道极限承载能力影响最大,缺陷长度系数影响次之,缺陷宽度系数影响最小。研究成果为普光气田高含硫输气管道剩余强度评价提供了理论依据。     

不同Xa21转基因杂交稻组合的大田试验与分析

在北京、四川和江苏等地对Xa21转基因杂交稻进行了大田释放实验. 分别对转基因纯合的3个恢复系明恢63-Xa21、盐恢559-Xa21和C418-Xa21与各种不育系配组的23个杂交组合进行了抗性和农艺性状分析. 在不同的杂合遗传背景下转基因Xa21稳定遗传和高效表达, 所有杂交组合均具有对白叶枯病的广谱抗性. 转基因恢复系配制的杂交组合与     

Microbial biomass and activity in soil and litter underPinus sylvestris, Picea abies andBetula pendula at originally similar field afforestation sites

Microbial biomass C and N, and activities related to C and N cycles, were compared in needle and leaf litter, and in the uppermost 10 cm of soil under the litter layer in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) and silver birch (Betula pendula L.) stands, planted on originally similar field afforestation sites 23–24 years ago. The ground vegetation was differentiated under different tree species, consisting of grasses and herbs under birch and pine, and mosses or no vegetation with a thick layer of needles under spruce. The C:N ratio of the soils was 13–21 and the soil pH_{CaCl 2} 3.8–5.2. Both showed little variation under different tree species. Microbial biomass C and N, C mineralization, net ammonification, reduction) did not differ significantly in soil under different tree species either. Birch leaf litter had a higher pH_{CaCl 2} (5.9) than spruce and pine needle litter (pH 5.0 and 4.8, respectively). The C:N ratio of spruce needles was 30, and was considerably higher in pine needles (69) and birch leaves (54). Birch leaves tended to have the highest microbial biomass C and C mineralization. Spruce needles appeared to have the highest microbial biomass N and net formation of mineral N, whereas formation of mineral N in pine needles and birch leaves was negligible. Microbial biomass C and N were of the same order of magnitude in the soil and litter samples but C mineralization was tenfold higher in the litter samples.     

沙松嫁接技术研究

研究了不同嫁接方法、采穗母树年龄及嫁接时间对沙松嫁接成活率的影响.结果表明:沙松嫁接采用劈接法处理最佳,嫁接成活率为49.1％.沙松嫁接成活率随着采穗母树的年龄增加而下降,采穗母树的年龄在60～70a时嫁接成活率最高,为48.8％,而在90～100a时成活率仅为21.4％.因此,在采集穗条时,应尽量在年龄低的母树上采集...     

暴雨条件下水土保持措施效益分析

对已建和在建项目在"7·20"暴雨中的积水和排水情况、雨洪利用措施发挥的作用、水土保持临时措施发挥的效果进行了调查。结果表明,雨洪利用措施和水土保持临时措施均发挥了保持水土的效益。布设雨洪利用措施的建设项目,项目区基本无积水,仅部分项目积水在下凹式绿地区域,积水深度2~3 cm;布设水土保持临时措施的项目无积水或积水较浅。同时指出目前存在的问题,呼吁设计、施工、管理等各单位共同努力,将水土保持临时措施落实到位,使雨洪利用措施效益最大化。     

Irrigation restriction effects on water use efficiency and osmotic adjustment in Aloe Vera plants (Aloe barbadensis Miller)

Aloe barbadensis Miller, known as Aloe Vera, requires limited irrigation depending on the capacity of the soil to retain humidity, since it is a CAM species and thus naturally adapted to conditions of dryness and high temperatures. Therefore, we postulated that plants of Aloe Vera plants under conditions of water deficit should improve their water use efficiency (WUE) by performing osmotic adjustment (OA) with a temporal correlation between WUE and OA. The objective of the investigation was to determine the effect of water restriction on the WUE and OA of A. barbadensis under different water treatments. 18-month old Aloe Vera plants were cultivated in pots with a soil substrate that was a mixture of equal parts of sand and organic matter with 18% of FC and 9% of permanent wilting point. To determine the effects of the soil humidity on plant WUE and OA, four treatments were arranged in a complete random design with four repetitions; these were 100%, 75%, 50% and 25% of FC, which correspond to an evatranspiration of 11.4, 9.6, 4.0 and 1.7 L per plant, respectively. The water treatments were maintained by frequent irrigation. The following variables were determined: dry matter, leaf water potential, relative water content (RWC), amount of gel produced, sap flow, proline content, soluble and total sugars and oligo and polyfructans. Aloe Vera increased WUE with increasing water deficit; the sap flow rate decreased with water restrictions, and the plants performed osmotic adjustment by increasing the synthesis of proline, soluble and total sugars as well as the amounts of oligo and polyfructans, mainly polymers of β-(2 → 6) kestotriose, changing from the inulin type to the neofructan type. The plants most and less irrigated (100% and 25% of FC) were the groups with lowest WUE. The plants irrigated with 75% of FC presented the best WUE in terms of dry mass and amount of gel produced by a litre of supplied water.