新平县烟区土壤养分状况与评价

[目的]为了摸清新平县烟区土壤的养分状况,指导农户科学施肥.[方法]对烟区土壤进行取样,分析土壤pH、有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾、交换性镁、有效硫、有效硼、有效锰、有效锌含量.[结果]60.1％的土壤偏酸,42.55％的土壤有机质含量偏低,38.01％的土壤碱解氮缺乏,36.11％的土壤缺磷,19.06％的土壤缺钾,36.7％的土壤缺硫,6.38％的土壤缺镁,83.51％的土壤缺硼,17.02％的土壤缺锰,60.11％的土壤缺锌.[结论]要重视土壤酸碱度的调节,增施有机肥,施用中微量元素肥.     

不同肥料处理对盆栽红豆杉生长的影响

研究了不同肥料处理对盆栽红豆杉的茎高、新枝、根长和鲜重的影响。结果表明:每周对红豆杉叶面喷施3‰磷酸二氢钾,对红豆杉的生长效果最好。     

Field validation of a decision support system for the control of pests and diseases in cereals in denmark

The decision in 1986, on an action plan to reduce pesticide use in Denmark by 50% led to increased research on the potential of reducing dosages. A decision support system (PC-Plant Protection), developed by The Danish Institute for Plant and Soil Science, implements this research. It combines a detailed use of threshold values to support decisions on treatment need, choice of pesticides and the appropriate dosage for actual problems in cereals. The pest and disease module within the system has been available commercially since 1993 and up to the end of April 1995, 2000 licences have been issued for its use at agricultural schools and by advisers and farmers. The recommendation model for pest and disease control has been validated in field trials since 1990. The validation has shown that the model is able to provide recommendations for the control of pests and diseases to a satisfactory level, without affecting farmers' gross margins. The model was able to adjust pesticide use to large yearly variations and the average amount of pesticides in the plots treated according to the model was well below that in the reference plots and in the commonly used strategies in Denmark.     

Water spray as a potential thinning agent for date palm flowers (Phoenix dactylifera L.) c.v. ‘Lulu’

Flower or fruit thinning is a critical cultural practice in the date palm production chain that affects fruit development, quality and yield and regulates tree yearly bearing. Development of a save and economic thinning agent for date palm is critically required especially under harsh conditions. During 2004 and 2005 seasons, water spray for 3 min was applied at different times following mechanical pollination on ‘Lulu’ date palm cultivar growing under Al-Ain oasis conditions. The results showed that water spray following pollination generally decreased fruit set percentage to different extent depending of the time of application. In this respect, the most effective treatment was water spray after 4 h following pollination. This treatment significantly decreased fruit set percentage (48%) compared to the control (79%), as the mean of both seasons. However, the other treatments including water spray 1 h before pollination also decreased fruit set percentage but to a lesser extent. Fruit quality characteristics especially fruit and flesh weight, length and diameter were significantly increased by water spray treatments during the 2004 season, in contrast to the 2005 season. Thinning with water significantly decreased both bunch weight and total yield per tree at the Tamr stage especially when applied after 4 h following pollination. To the best of our knowledge, this is a pioneer study investigating the role of water as a potential thinning agent for date palm flowers. The use of water spray as a save and economic thinner needs, however, more research work to justify the time following pollination and duration of application which may vary upon cultivar, method of pollination and district.     

施肥对草原3号杂花苜蓿种子产量的影响

采用“3414”二次回归设计，研究了N、P、K肥配施对草原3号杂花苜蓿种子产量的影响。结果表明，磷肥的增产作用最大，其次为钾肥，氮肥的影响最小；最高产量预期值达到578．55kg／hm^2的最佳施肥方案：氮肥81．0-114．75kg／hm^2，磷肥218．75-262．0kg／hm^2，钾肥96．0-138．0kg／hm^2，氮、磷、钾比例为N：P2O5：K2O=1：1．76，2．08：1．17-1．33.     

施肥对敖汉苜蓿鲜草产量及营养成分的影响

2003年在内蒙古西辽河平原灰色草甸土上采用"3414"二次回归最优设计试验方案,研究N、P、K肥配施对敖汉紫花苜蓿当年产草量和营养成分的影响。结果表明:在施N 16.59kg/hm2、施P2O548.92kg/hm2、施K2O283.79kg/hm2时可获得鲜草最高产量66464kg/hm2。14个处理组合中,初花期以处理9(N2P2K1)、处理1(N0P0K0)、处理5(N2P1K2)粗蛋白质的含量高;初花期的粗纤维含量小于25.0%的处理组合是处理6(N2P2K2)、处理7(N2P3K2)、处理11(N3P2K2)、处理12(N2P1K1),均达到国家一级标准[6];初花期粗灰分含量处理8(N2P2K0)最低;还分析了N、P、K肥对敖汉苜蓿营养成分的影响。     

Yields nutrient intake and soil fertilizing in 40 years fertilizer trials

The set of twenty long‐term field nutrition trials starting from 1957 at five sites. The sites differed by their altitude (from 180 m to 620 m) with average daily temperatures (from 6,8°C m to 9°C m) and soil type (from chernozem to brown podsolic soil) Provided mainly the following results:

? The geonomic division to the fertile sugarbeet region and less fertile potato region did not strictly differentiate the influence of fertilizer and climatic effects to the crop yields.

? The effect of fertilizing was dependent on the nutrient content and on the conditions of releasing and binding of the nutrients in soil.

? The precipitation regime has a strong influence on the effect of the nitrogen escalated doses.

? The facts concerning the nutrient intake are very precious knowledge. These facts have not been examined yet during the long‐term trials.

? The site effect, particularly its climatic conditions, on the nutrient intake is often more obvious compared to the fertilizing effect.

? Very interesting impulses for further research monitoring during the long‐term trials was contributed by “mapping”; of soil capacity to provide nutrients to plants at various sites and under different climate.     

问卷调查折射出的辽宁渔业竞争力问题研究

针对目前辽宁渔业所面临的竞争环境，借助国际竞争理论设计出含有宏观因素、水产部门产业环境及基础设施、渔业生产管理体制和渔业有关人员力量四大系统的竞争力评价模型并进行了广域问卷调查。结果表明，近年来，辽宁渔业竞争力在很多领域有了一定的提高和增强。但是，在政策制度、管理体制和支撑体系等方面还折射出不少问题，制约着整个渔业竞争力的提升。基于此，提出了建立健全渔业保险制度和渔业贷款制度、提升渔业劳动者技术水平、加强养殖业者自律性、进一步制定渔用柴油油价上涨对策等一系列政策建议。     

不同肥料配比对糜子产量和品质的调控效应

为探明不同施肥方式对糜子营养品质、食味品质和产量的影响，于2019年在山西河曲进行试验，以河曲大红糜子为材料，选用不同配比的有机肥（羊粪）、生物菌肥、尿素和复合肥，研究不同施肥配比对糜子品质和产量的影响。结果表明：不同肥料配比对糜子产量和品质性状显著影响，复合肥和有机肥（F+Y）配施显著提高糜子籽粒产量（GY）、净光合速率（P_n）、钙（Ca）和铁（Fe）含量，显著减低直链淀粉含量（AC）；相关性分析发现，籽粒产量（GY）和净光合速率（P_n）呈极显著正相关，相关系数为0.82，镁（Mg）与铁（Fe）呈极显著正相关，值为0.68，直链淀粉含量（AC）与醇溶蛋白含量（Gli）、钙（Ca）达到极显著负相关，值分别为-0.66和 -0.50；主成分分析发现，糜子各性状指标分为4个主成分，分别代表糜子食味品质、营养品质、产量指标和蛋白营养品质，综合得分以复合肥和有机肥（F+Y）处理最高，并显著高于其他处理。综上所述，复合肥（187.5 kg·hm^-2）与有机肥（1.5×10 kg·hm^-2）配施是糜子获得优质高产的主要施肥方式。     

城市污泥应用于毛白杨林地施肥试验

为了妥善处置和利用城市污泥,使之变废为宝,采用城市污泥对毛白杨进行了不同立地施肥量、施肥时期试验.结果表明,污泥施肥改善了林地土壤的理化性状,对土壤具有修复作用.在不同施肥时期,不同立地条件下,施入一定量的城市污泥对毛白杨株高、胸径的生长均有促进作用,平原林地毛白杨净生长量优于丘陵地,污泥施入量以75 kg/株效果最佳.