网具运动对美国红鱼摄食、栖息行为影响的研究

主要研究刚性网箱模型和单片网具的摆动频率及摆动幅度对美国红鱼摄食、栖息行为的影响。试验结果表明:在刚性网箱试验中,幅度和转速的变化对美国红鱼的摄食和栖息都有影响。随着幅度的增大,美国红鱼摄食完成需要的时间延长;转速越小,对美国红鱼摄食的影响越小,摄食完成需要的时间越短;在低转速的条件下,美国红鱼运动缓慢,随着转速的增大,美国红鱼开始活跃,最后基本位于中上层游动。在单片网具试验中,随着网具转速的加快,美国红鱼完成摄食的时间延长;试验中美国红鱼基本位于单片网具的左侧游动。     

Development of two telemetry-based systems for monitoring the feeding behaviour of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in aquaculture sea-cages

Two novel acoustic transmitter tags intended to reflect feeding behaviours in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) were developed and tested in this study. Using information from the literature and video recordings of feeding salmon, measurements of swimming depth and motion (acceleration) were identified as two promising sensing principles on which to base the tag development. Video footage and laboratory studies were used to develop corresponding algorithms that translated depth and acceleration measurements into compound parameters reflecting the different aspects that discern feeding activity from other activities. Field tests performed in a sea-farm were used to verify the functionality of the tags, and indicated that both tag types had potential in distinguishing between feeding and non-feeding behaviour. Additionally, both depth- and acceleration-based tags were seen to have applications to fish monitoring and farm management beyond that of observing feeding in salmon, in giving recordings of the vertical swimming behaviour of fish over extended periods of time as well as indications of the activity changes of fish due to external influences. These results suggest that fish telemetry using sensor-based transmitter tags could represent a useful tool in future fish farm management.     

新银合欢营养成分分析及饲用研究

为促进新银合欢蛋白质资源的饲用开发研究．我们对新银合欢进行了常规营养成分分析和氨基酸测定,并就新银合欢饲喂猪、牛、羊的效果进行了初步探讨,同时对进一步开发利用新银合欢提出了一些建议。     

集约化养猪场猪咬尾症的发生和防治

在集约化养猪生产中，常可见到猪的咬尾症，严重影响猪的健康和生产性能。引起猪咬尾症的原因是多方面的，而且往往是几种因素同时作用，且发生于不同的饲养阶段。可见防制猪咬尾症的措施应是综合性的，并应贯穿于养猪生产的始终。本文分析了猪咬尾症发生的原因，介绍了猪咬尾症的防治措施。     

STUDY ON THE DEVELOPMENT AND FEEDING MANAGEMENT OF YOUNG DEMOISELLE CRANES

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Evaluation of different protein sources in fingerling grey mullet <Emphasis Type="Italic">Mugil cephalus</Emphasis> practical diets

An eight-week experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of different protein sources (fish and haemoglobin meal, soybean meal and torula yeast), in practical diets, on growth, body composition and gut morphology of fingerling grey mullet (Mugil cephalus). Weight gain (%), SGR, FCR, N retention, PER, PGR, FDR and carcass composition of fish were not significantly affected by the dietary protein source. Fish fed the torula yeast based diet showed reduction in growth performance. Histological examinations performed on the alimentary tract of the fish showed a normal structural pattern in the experimental groups, as fundamental histological and histochemical aspects were similar if compared to the control group. The lower growth performance observed in fish fed a torula yeast based diet may be tentatively correlated with the presence of some detrimental morpho-functional aspects in the gut of these fish if compared to fish fed the other diets. Further studies are necessary to confirm this hypothesis.     

深水网箱需求式自动投饵装置的初步研究

深水网箱的自动化控制是我国网箱事业发展的趋势。本文对现有投饵装置进行了分析，在此基础上，设计了一种需求式自动投饵装置，旨在提高投饵效果。网箱养殖鱼群经过驯化，有求食需求时自动触动水下金属管，并通过传感器启动下料机构。该装置通过可编程控制器(PLC)实现投饵过程控制，其优点是能根据养殖鱼类需求，实时投饵，饵料利用率高，水体污染少，满足当前深水网箱自动化发展的需求。     

棕点石斑鱼(♀)×鞍带石斑鱼(♂)杂交F1 仔、稚、幼鱼的摄食与生长特性分析

采用生态学方法,观察分析了人工育苗条件下棕点石斑鱼(Epinephelus fuscoguttatus,♀)×鞍带石斑鱼(Epinephelus lanceolatus,♂)杂交F1仔、稚、幼鱼的摄食习性和生长特性。结果表明,在水温29~30℃,盐度为29~30时,其杂交F1仔鱼3天开口摄食,开口饵料为ss型褶皱臂尾轮虫(Brachionus plicatilis),随后饵料系列为L型褶皱臂尾轮虫、卤虫无节幼体(Artemia salina)、卤虫(Artemia)和配合饵料;6日龄仔鱼的摄食率为92.31%,7~9日龄以后仔鱼的饱食率大都达到90%~100%;随着仔稚幼鱼的生长发育,其饱食时间逐渐缩短,消化时间逐渐增加。杂交F1仔稚鱼的摄食高峰都出现在白天,仔稚鱼夜间几乎不摄食,属白天摄食型。此外,仔、稚、幼鱼纯体重(W)与摄食量(Y)的关系为Y=0.2078W–3.3738,全长(L)与日龄(X)的关系为L=2.3159e0.0595X,纯体重(W)与日龄(X)的关系为W=0.0748e0.2021X,全长(L)与纯体重(W)的关系为W=0.0045L3.3775,口裂宽(Y)与日龄(X)的关系为Y=1.9687e0.0605X。由此可知杂交F1仔、稚、幼鱼的生长属于均匀生长型。     

Feeding,growth and environmental requirements of Arctic charr: a review of aquaculture potential

Interest in the cultivation of Arctic charr arose during the 1970s, and research into charr farming was instigated in the Nordic countries and in Canada. Most work has been conducted on fish from anadromous populations, although land-locked freshwater populations of Arctic charr have also received attention. Research has also been carried out in the British Isles and in the alpine regions of central Europe, where land-locked populations of charr. Small-scale commercial farming is now carried out in several countries of northern Europe and North America, and charr are reared for restocking purposes in a number of countries.Growth of charr is rapid during the early freshwater rearing stages, and quite good rates of growth can be achieved at low water temperatures. Growth may be submaximal if charr are reared in systems designed for other salmonids, and problems may arise when charr are held at low stocking densities. Growth and food conversion can be improved by exposing the fish to water currents, forcing them to swim at moderate speeds. Growth in seawater has been reported as being highly variable, probably as a result of the use of inappropriate rearing techniques and owing to the seasonal changes in the hypo-osmoregulatory ability of the charr.Prospects for aquaculture development and areas requiring further research effort are briefly discussed.     

Comparative study of digestive enzymes in fish with different nutritional habits. Proteolytic and amylase activities

This work provides a comparative study of the proteolytic and amylase activities in six species of fish with different nutritional habits: rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata), European eel (Anguilla anguilla), common carp (Cyprinus carpio), goldfish (Carassius auratus), and tench (Tinca tinca). Trout and carp showed the highest digestive proteolytic activity. When proteolytic activity was determined in a wide range of pHs, the highest values in the digestive tract of all species were found at alkaline pHs, except in eel where activity could be detected only at acid pHs. Eel showed the lowest digestive proteolytic potential among all the species studied. With respect to amylase activity, the omnivorous species presented higher activity than did the carnivores. Among the carnivorous species, the lowest activity was found in trout. The ratio of total amylase:total proteolytic activity was higher in omnivorous fish species, the carp having the greatest value, whereas in trout this ratio was lower than one. Digestive enzyme activity declined as the incubation temperature decreased, but this trend varied depending on the fish species and the tissue analyzed.