外源胡敏酸对土壤有机质组分变化的影响及其与茶树铅有效性的关系

盆栽试验分析了胡敏酸输入土壤6个月后茶树根际和非根际土壤有机质SOM及其组分,包括水溶性物质WSS、富啡酸FA、胡敏酸HA以及土壤微生物生物量SMB的变化,并对不同土壤有机质组分碳含量和茶树不同组织铅含量作了相关性分析。外源胡敏酸设置3个浓度水平（0、300、600 mg kg-1）,铅设置2个浓度水平（0、300 mg kg-1）,试验共有6个处理。茶苗置于温室培养,6个月后分新叶、老叶、新茎、老茎、根收获。结果表明：根际并非总是富含有机质,未加铅处理根际SOM含量低于非根际;而加铅处理根际SOM含量高于非根际。HA加入土壤能够显著增加根际和非根际SOM和SMB的含量,但是加铅处理和不加铅处理增加幅度不同。高浓度HA显著增加了根际FA的含量,可能是HA部分裂解所致。非根际有机质各组分与茶树铅含量无显著相关关系;根际SOM、HA和茶树不同组织铅含量没有显著相关关系。根际WSS、FA与茶树嫩叶、老叶、嫩茎、老茎以及根部铅含量均存在显著或极显著正相关关系;而根际SMB与茶树各个组织铅含量存在显著负相关关系。总之,胡敏酸施入土壤改变了土壤有机质及其各个组分的含量,而根际某些土壤有机质组分的改变又显著影响了茶树不同组织铅的吸收和分布。     

圆叶决明牧草料栽培金顶侧耳对其产量和品质及重金属含量的影响

以圆叶决明豆科牧草为主原料栽培金顶侧耳，研究了该原料对金顶侧耳的产量、品质及重金属含量的影响。结果表明，其子实体产量比棉子壳料栽培的对照处理提高23．98％，而且可以明显改良菇类的品质。其子实体中硬脂酸、棕榈酸和亚油酸含量分别比对照提高40．0％、10．1％和3．1％，金顶侧耳子实体的化学评分(CS)、营养指数(NI)和生物价(BV)等品质评价指数分别比对照处理(棉子壳料)提高10．7％、7．1％和12．7％，而且子实体中Cd、Pb、Cr重金属含量分别比对照下降5倍、1倍和0．5倍。以圆叶决明牧草为主原料栽培的金顶侧耳子实体饱和脂肪酸(SFA)、单不饱和脂肪酸(MUSFA)、多不饱和脂肪酸(PUSFA)均高于棉子壳栽培料的对照处理。圆叶决明牧草料栽培的子实体SFA：MUSFA：PUSFA=1：0．17：4．44，而棉子壳料栽培的子实体SFA：MUSFA：PUSFA=1：0．22：4．76，显示了一定的差异。以圆叶决明牧草料栽培的金顶侧耳子实体K、P、Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn的含量分别为2．80％、1．22％、26．90％、136．23％、135．13％、10．25％，而棉子壳料的对照处理则相应为3．16％、1．03％、29．93％、67．74％、69．71％和67．70％，两者之间呈现明显的差异。     

几种抗旱剂在冬小麦生产中的应用示范效果

在静宁县旱地冬小麦拔节期和灌浆期喷施抗旱剂 1号、FA旱地龙、多效增糖灵、黄腐酸盐的大面积示范结果表明 ,以喷施 FA旱地龙和抗旱剂 1号的效果较为理想 ,较对照分别增产 9.5 %～ 12 .2 %和 6 .8%～ 11.6 %,产值分别增加 12 37.80元 /hm2 和 112 2 .30元 /hm2 ,产投比分别为 19.19∶ 1、18.71∶ 1。     

FA旱地龙对旱地桑园的影响

旱地桑园用４００倍ＦＡ旱地龙稀稀液喷叶，有减国夏季秋桑树旱情，提高桑叶的产量。     

Oil productivity and composition of sunflower as a function of hybrid and planting date

Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) is a potential cash crop for the southeastern United States for production of cooking oil or biodiesel. Two years (2006 and 2007) of experiments were conducted at each of five locations in Mississippi to evaluate the effect of planting date (April 20, May 20, and June 20), and hybrid (DKF3875, DKF2990, DKF3510, DKF3901, PR63M80, PR62A91, PR63A21, PR63M91, and PR64H41) on seed yield, oil content, and oil composition of sunflower. Seed oil concentration varied from 25 to 47%. The oleic acid concentration in the oil was greater than 85% for DKF3510 and PR64H41, above 65% for PR63M80 and PR63M91, and intermediate for the other hybrids. Total saturated fatty acids (TSFA) concentration in the oil (the sum of palmitic, stearic, arachidic, behenic, and lignoceric acids) ranged from 6.3 to 13.0%, with DKF3510, PR63M91, and PR64H41 having lower concentration of TSFA than the other hybrids. Mean seed yields ranged from 997 to 2096 kg ha⁻¹ depending on location. Mean oil yields at the five locations ranged from 380 to 687 kg ha⁻¹, and calculated biodiesel production ranged from 304 to 550 kg ha⁻¹. Seed and oil yields in this study suggest sunflower in Mississippi should be planted by the last week of May. Later planting (20 June) may significantly decrease both seed and oil yields in the non-irrigated system in Mississippi and in other areas of the southeastern United States with similar environmental conditions.     

新疆南疆盐渍化棉田FA旱地龙施用效果及推荐施用量研究

新疆是中国重要的棉粮基地之一,但长期以来土壤盐碱化与次生盐碱化一直是制约农业发展的关键因素之一,如何改良盐碱地一直是研究热点。腐植酸型土壤改良剂FA旱地龙施入低肥力重盐渍化棉田,以改良土壤盐碱以及棉花长势及产量为评价指标,研究其对盐渍化土壤的改良效果,并探讨其合适的施用量。结果表明：（1）FA旱地龙起到蓄水保墒的作用,对FA旱地龙施用量和土壤保水性能做相关性分析表明,二者呈极显著的正相关关系;（2）能够有效降低盐碱,将0~60 cm深度土壤盐分控制在0.5 ms/cm左右;（3）随着改良剂施用量的增加,棉花株高、茎粗、棉花叶面积和产量均增加。最终从产量、脱盐效果、FA旱地龙投入成本及所获得的经济效益等方面综合分析,确定新疆南疆盐渍化棉田施用FA旱地龙改良剂1500~2950.5 kg/hm2之间,均能达到较为理想的保水抑盐以及增产增收的效果。     

Bioavailability of ferulic acid is determined by its bioaccessibility

Epidemiological studies have linked whole grain consumption to prevention of several chronic diseases. Whole grain is a source of important phytochemicals, such as ferulic acid (FA). FA is the most abundant phenolic and major contributor to the in vitro antioxidant capacity of wheat grain. Several studies have reported highly variable results on FA bioavailability (0.4–98%). The binding of FA to polysaccharides may limit its bioavailability. Therefore, our study aimed at monitoring release features of FA during gastrointestinal (GI) transit. This was termed bioaccessibility. The bioaccessibility of FA was studied from different wheat fractions and breads with the use of a dynamic in vitro system that simulates the upper GI transit and digestion. The results showed low bioaccessibility of FA from the wheat fractions and breads (<1%). However, the bioaccessibility was high when free FA was added to flour (∼60%). The bioaccessibility of FA appeared to be determined by the percentage of free FA. In wheat grain, most of FA is bound to arabinoxylans and other indigestible polysaccharides restricting its release in the small intestine. New processing developments should be considered to increase free FA in the cereal matrix in order to improve its bioavailability and systemic health effect.     

Nitrogen applications modify seed and oil yields and fatty acid composition of winter mustard

Winter mustard (Brassica juncea L.) is not a common crop in the Southeastern United States. With increased interest in biodiesel production, there has been corresponding interest in mustard in this region. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of N fertilization (0, 50, 100, 150 kg N ha⁻¹) on productivity, oil content, and oil composition of winter mustard ‘Pacific Gold’ grown at three locations in Mississippi (Stoneville, and two locations at Verona, namely Verona silt loam (Verona-SL) and Verona clay (Verona-C)). Nitrogen did not affect oil content (percent oil). Seed and oil yields (kg ha⁻¹) increased with N application relative to the unfertilized control. At the Verona-C location, the concentration of oleic acid was higher in the 50 kg N ha⁻¹ treatment. At Stoneville, linolenic acid concentration was higher in the 150 kg N ha⁻¹ and lower in the 100 kg/N ha⁻¹ treatment, while it was not different in the other treatments. Overall, the yield of the fatty acids (FA) palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic, arachidic, eicosanoic, behenic, erucic, lignoceric, and nervonic acid increased with higher N rates (100 or 150 kg N/h). The highest yield of FA in the two Verona locations were achieved in the 100 kg N ha⁻¹, while greatest yield of FA at Stoneville was achieved in the highest N rate (150 kg N ha⁻¹). Means of mustard oil yields in our study in the higher fertility treatment ranged from 737 to 1094 kg ha⁻¹. This study demonstrated winter mustard production in Mississippi and possibly other areas in the Southeastern United States can be successful and could provide seed and oil yields comparable to yields from other production areas.     

生化黄腐酸添加剂对生长兔促增重效果试验

该试验检验了生化黄腐酸添加剂饲喂生长兔的增重效果。结果表明,饲喂黄腐酸添加剂对生长兔的增重具有明显的促进作用(P<0.05)。