马立克氏病病毒６４８株囊膜糖蛋白gI基因的克隆和表达的研究

根据马立克氏病病毒（ＭＤＶ）强毒株ＧＡ的基因序列，设计和合成一对引物，以特超强毒６４８株基因组ＤＮＡ为模板，通过ＰＣＲ技术，扩增其囊膜糖蛋白gI基因阅读框（ＯＲＦ）中，除去其Ｎ－端编码疏水区的１６５个碱基对（bp)以外的蓁部分；将ＰＣＲ产物按正确的阅读框架定向克隆到表性载体pGEX-6P-1中谷胱甘肽转移酶（ＧＳＴ）基因的下游，将重组质粒转化进大肠杆菌ＢＬ２１株，在１．０mMIPTG浓度和３０℃的条件下诱导，gI-GST基因融合蛋白获得了理想的表达；经聚丙烯酰胺凝脉电泳，West-ern-blot试验，通信班下其表达的融合蛋白产物大小为预期的６３ＫＤ。将表达产物回收后免疫小鼠，所得抗血清可与ＭＤＶ感染的鸡胚成纤维细胞（ＣＥＦ）在免疫荧光试验（ＦＡ）中呈细胞膜阳性染色。试验结果表明，在大肠杆菌中表达的６４８株ＭＤＶgI基因的融合蛋白产物保留了天然蛋白的某些抗原性。     

不同栽植代数29年生杉木林土壤腐殖质及结合形态的研究

国内许多学者对不同栽植代数的杉木（Ｃｕｎｎｉｎｇｈａｍｉａｌａｎｃｅｏｌａｔａ（Ｌａｍｂ．）Ｈｏｏｋ．）林生产力及林地土壤理化性质、土壤微生物及生化活性的研究有较多的报道,但对不同栽杉代数处于近熟时林分土壤腐殖质组成及其结合形态的研究报道则较少（方奇...     

Phenolic compounds,antioxidant capacity and gelling properties of glucoarabinoxylans from three types of sorghum brans

Arabinose to xylose ratio (A/X), phenolics, antioxidant capacity and gelling properties were evaluated in glucoarabinoxylans (GAX) extracted from white (W-GAX), red (R-GAX) and high tannin (T-GAX) sorghum brans (SB). The characterization of arabinoxylans from corn fiber (CFAX) was used as benchmark. Sorghum GAX had higher branched structure (A/X 1.08–1.41) than CFAX (0.59). Nine 3-deoxyanthocyanins (3-DAs) were identified in SB and two glycosylated forms remained associated to the R-GAX and T-GAX extracts. T-GAX was the only that contained tannins (0.41 mg catechin equivalents (CE)/g dry basis (db)) and exerted the highest antioxidant capacity (81.75 mM Trolox equivalents (TE)/g db) followed by R-GAX (48.49 mM TE/g db), which contained the highest amount of 3-DAs (0.11 mg Luteolinidin equivalents (Lut eq)/g db), and W-GAX (35.45 mM TE/g db) that was not significantly different from the CFAX (25.83 mM TE/g db). Among sorghums, only the W-GAX gelled but it formed a weaker gel compared to CFAX likely due to its lower hydroxycinnamic acids (HCA) concentration. The presence of 3-DAs in the structure of R-GAX and T-GAX affected negatively their solubility and gelling properties. The different SB showed potential as sources of GAX with antioxidant capacity.     

富啡酸对石灰性潮土中磷吸附-解吸及其对锌次级吸附-解吸的影响

通过吸附和解吸试验,研究了富啡酸（Fulvic acid,FA）对石灰性潮土中磷吸附一解吸的影响,并进行了吸附富啡酸和磷后对锌次级吸附一解吸的影响。结果表明：同时吸附不同磷和富啡酸后,土壤对磷的吸附量随磷初始浓度的增加而增加,而随富啡酸吸附初始浓度的增加而降低;石灰性潮土磷等温吸附曲线用Langumir方程式描述时,土壤对磷的吸附反应常数K、最大吸附量Xm、最大缓冲容量KxXm均随富啡酸初始浓度的增加而降低;KNO_3、KOH、HCI对吸附磷的解吸量所占比例及磷的总解吸量均随富啡酸浓度的增加而增加。土壤对Zn^2＋的吸附率随磷和富啡酸吸附初始浓度的增加而降低;而其解吸率随磷和富啡酸吸附浓度的增加而增加,说明磷和富啡酸减少了土壤对Zn^2＋的吸附,且增加了其在土壤中的解吸量。所以,石灰性潮土中富啡酸提高了土壤中磷的有效性,而且磷和富啡酸提高石灰性土壤中锌的有效性。     

Changes in oil content,lipid class and fatty acid composition of the microalga Chaetoceros calcitrans over different phases of batch culture

The diatom Chaetoceros calcitrans is a microalgal species used as food for larva in aquaculture for many species worldwide. Chaetoceros calcitrans is an important source of omega 3 long chain (C ≥ 20) polyunsaturated fatty acids (n‐3 LC PUFA), chiefly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n‐3). This article reports lipid content, lipid class composition and fatty acid profiles of each lipid class during the growth cycle of batch cultures of C. calcitrans. Total lipid content and the concentration of neutral lipid were highest in the late stationary growth phase (day 12). However, the amount of EPA was highest during the logarithmic growth phase (1.24 pg/cell on day 4). EPA was initially concentrated in the glycolipid fraction, but this fraction decreased during logarithmic growth, coinciding with the increase in neutral lipid. Docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n‐3, DHA) (0.91 pg/cell) was reported as a major fatty acid (>10 mg/100 g) in all lipid classes on day 1. DHA was depleted quickly from the neutral lipid and glycolipid classes, but at a slower rate from the polar lipid fraction. This work confirms that C. calcitrans is a good source of lipid, in particular EPA, for larval and adult filter feeders in aquaculture.     

南淝河主要水体污染物空间分布特征与污染源解析

在南淝河水质监测数据的基础上,通过聚类分析,对其主要水环境污染物的空间分布特征进行了剖析,然后采用因子分析法提取影响因子,鉴别污染源并采用绝对主成分多元线性回归分析法计算各影响因子的污染贡献率。结果表明,南淝河整体污染较为严重,通过聚类分析可将南淝河大致分为A、B、C 3类,其中,A类83.32%的污染来源于点源营养物质和点源有机物;B类70.16%来源于点源营养物质和点源有机物;C类71.63%的污染来源于农业面源的农业营养物质和生物化学的影响。     

不同土壤改良剂对新疆盐碱土壤的改良效果研究

通过土柱模拟试验,研究了不同土壤改良剂对新疆盐碱土壤的理化性状的影响。2种改良剂均能使重度盐渍化土壤迅速脱盐降低土壤盐碱性,改善盐碱土土壤性质。旱地龙能显著降低CO32-、HCO3-、Cl-含量,禾康能显著降低SO42-、K++Na+、Mg2+含量。通过田间试验对比分析2种改良剂应用效果,结果表明,施用FA旱地龙增产21.1%,施用禾康增产17.8%。     

FTIR‐spectroscopic characterization of humic acids and humin fractions obtained by advanced NaOH,Na4P2O7, and Na2CO3 extraction procedures

Aim of our study was the development of the methodological basis for the characterization of humic fractions of a long‐term field experiment. Humic acids (HAs) were extracted from three layers of a nontilled soil using three different extractants (1 M NaOH, 0.1 M Na₄P₂O₇, 1 M Na₂CO₃), and the humin fraction was enriched. NaOH as extractant for FTIR analysis of humic substances yields higher resolved IR spectra, especially in the important regions of stretching vibrations including aromatic and aliphatic groups and in the fingerprint area including amides, aliphats, and aromats than the other extractants. The NaOH extraction has lower extraction yields as compared to Na₄P₂O₇ and Na₂CO₃ and represents a different part of the soil organic matter (SOM). This is reflected by lower C : N ratios and higher E₄ : E₆ and fulvic acid–to–humic acid ratios as compared to the other extractants. The FTIR band areas of HA fraction obtained by NaOH showed an increase of the aromatic and carbonyl groups and a decrease of amide groups with increasing soil depth. Aliphatic groups showed contradicting results: The bands of the stretching vibrations increased, and the band of the bending vibrations decreased. We assume that band interactions in the bending vibrations were responsible for that phenomenon under the assumption of an increase of aliphatic groups with increasing soil depth. The IR bands of the enriched humin fraction showed a decreasing trend in case of both aliphatic bands deriving from stretching vibrations and an increase of aromatic characteristics with depth. Our study led to the conclusion that HA fractions obtained by 1 M NaOH represent a small and dynamic fraction indicated by the measured yields in combination with values of N_t, C : N, E₄ : E₆ ratios, and ratios of fulvic acids (FA) to HA. The humin fraction has a high contribution to the total organic C and represents a more stabilized fraction of SOM which still shows changes in its aromatic and aliphatic characteristics with soil depth.     

盐碱地小麦根际联合固氮菌数量分布研究

结合气相色谱仪和乙炔还原(ARA),采用最可能计数法(MPN)和荧光抗体(FA)染色法对盐碱地小麦根际联合固氮菌及优良固氮菌株Pseudomonassp.ChW1和Zoogloeasp.ChW6数量分布进行了测定。结果表明:小麦根际各部位均存在联合固氮菌类群,但数量相对较小、差异较大(102～106个g-1干土或根),分布趋势呈RP>RS>NRS>HP;菌株Pseudomonassp.ChW1是一种相对广谱的联合固氮菌株,在小麦根际不同部位均有分布,数量除在根系表面(RP)较多(105个g-1干根)外,其它部位较少(102～103个g-1干土或根);Zoogloeasp.ChW6菌株是一种分布谱相对较窄的联合固氮菌株,只分布于根表土壤(RS)和根系表面(RP),数量102～104个g-1干土或根。自然状况下,小麦根际固氮菌数量较少,有必要通过使用联合固氮菌接种剂提高小麦根际固氮菌种群数量,增强种群竞争力,增加根际微生物固氮总量。     

外源胡敏酸对土壤有机质组分变化的影响及其与茶树铅有效性的关系

盆栽试验分析了胡敏酸输入土壤6个月后茶树根际和非根际土壤有机质SOM及其组分,包括水溶性物质WSS、富啡酸FA、胡敏酸HA以及土壤微生物生物量SMB的变化,并对不同土壤有机质组分碳含量和茶树不同组织铅含量作了相关性分析。外源胡敏酸设置3个浓度水平（0、300、600 mg kg-1）,铅设置2个浓度水平（0、300 mg kg-1）,试验共有6个处理。茶苗置于温室培养,6个月后分新叶、老叶、新茎、老茎、根收获。结果表明：根际并非总是富含有机质,未加铅处理根际SOM含量低于非根际;而加铅处理根际SOM含量高于非根际。HA加入土壤能够显著增加根际和非根际SOM和SMB的含量,但是加铅处理和不加铅处理增加幅度不同。高浓度HA显著增加了根际FA的含量,可能是HA部分裂解所致。非根际有机质各组分与茶树铅含量无显著相关关系;根际SOM、HA和茶树不同组织铅含量没有显著相关关系。根际WSS、FA与茶树嫩叶、老叶、嫩茎、老茎以及根部铅含量均存在显著或极显著正相关关系;而根际SMB与茶树各个组织铅含量存在显著负相关关系。总之,胡敏酸施入土壤改变了土壤有机质及其各个组分的含量,而根际某些土壤有机质组分的改变又显著影响了茶树不同组织铅的吸收和分布。