Effects of foliar- and root-applied silicon on the enhancement of induced resistance to powdery mildew in Cucumis sativus

Two cucumber ( Cucumis sativus ) cultivars differing in their resistance to powdery mildew, Ningfeng No. 3 (susceptible) and Jinchun No. 4 (resistant), were used to study the effects of foliar- and root-applied silicon on resistance to infection by Podosphaera xanthii (syn. Sphaerotheca fuliginea ) and the production of pathogenesis-related proteins (PRs). The results indicated that inoculation with P. xanthii significantly suppressed subsequent infection by powdery mildew compared with noninoculation, regardless of Si application. Root-applied Si significantly suppressed powdery mildew, the disease index being lower in Si-supplied than in Si-deprived plants, regardless of inoculation treatment. The resistant cultivar had a more constant lower disease index than the susceptible cultivar, irrespective of inoculation or Si treatment. Moreover, with root-applied Si, activities of PRs (for example peroxidase, polyphenoloxidase and chitinase) were significantly enhanced in inoculated lower leaves or noninoculated upper leaves in inoculated plants of both cultivars. Root-applied Si significantly decreased the activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in inoculated leaves, but increased it in noninoculated upper leaves. However, Si treatment failed to change significantly the activity of PRs in plants without fungal attack. Compared to the control (no Si), foliar-applied Si had no effects either on the suppression of subsequent infection by P. xanthii or on the activity of PRs, irrespective of inoculation. Based on the findings in this study and previous reports, it was concluded that foliar-applied Si can effectively control infections by P. xanthii only via the physical barrier of Si deposited on leaf surfaces, and/or osmotic effect of the silicate applied, but cannot enhance systemic acquired resistance induced by inoculation, while continuously root-applied Si can enhance defence resistance in response to infection by P. xanthii in cucumber.     

三唑酮种衣剂对小麦白粉菌侵染和非侵染位点硅等元素含量的影响

 借助扫描电子显微镜-X射线能谱分析方法从超微结构和元素水平观测了三唑酮种衣剂包衣处理和空白对照的小麦幼苗上白粉病菌侵染及非侵染位点硅等元素含量的变化。结果表明,接种后20~36 h内三唑酮种衣剂处理的麦苗侵染位点细胞内元素硅含量由5.204%上升为42.064%,非侵染位点由5.821%上升为12.342%;空白对照中侵染位点元素硅含量由低于检测水平上升为17.388%,非侵染位点接种后36 h时为19.460%。在处理和空白对照的麦苗上侵染和非侵染位点均检测到了含量不等的磷、硫、氯等元素存在。     

基于颠茄发根的外源基因表达系统的建立

 用携带植物高效表达载体pCAMBIA1304 ⁺ “解除武装”的重组C58C1工程菌转化颠茄无菌苗真叶, 发根诱导率达100%。PCR检测证实发根型质粒pRiA4和表达型质粒pCAMBIA1304 ⁺均能整合到颠茄发根基因组内, 共转化率达30%。建立了基于颠茄发根的高效外源基因表达系统, 为将托品烷类生物碱东莨菪碱的生物合成关键酶基因导入颠茄, 实现其次生代谢工程及开展分子育种奠定了基础。     

猪CTSD全长cDNA的克隆和表达分析

以人CTSD mRNA全长序列为基序,在db EST库中搜索同源性大于80%、重叠大于40个碱基的猪EST下载经Seqman软件装配后,利用RT-PCR扩增到猪CTSD基因部分cDNA序列,进一步通过RACE技术获得cDNA全长（GenBank登录号为DQ018727）,猪CTSD基因cDNA全长2032 bp包括93 bp 5′UTR区、706 bp 3′UTR区和1 233bp ORF,编码410个氨基酸残基。其编码区与人、鼠、牛、羊CTSD编码区同源性分别为87.9%、78.2%、86.6%和85.0%,其氨基酸序列与人、鼠、牛、羊氨基酸序列同源性分别为86.6%、80.1%、86.0%和84.7%。疏水性分析和信号肽预测发现猪CTSD氨基酸序列存在至少7个疏水性区域,信号肽位点为第1-20个氨基酸残基。在NCBI进行Blast P搜索结果显示猪CTSD氨基酸结构中含有Asn（Asparagine,天门冬酰胺）结构域,与天冬氨酸蛋白酶3D结构同源性高达99.7%,具有真核生物天冬氨酸蛋白酶的典型结构。以猪多组织RNA池为模板,以1026 bp部分cDNA序列作为杂交探针进行Northern杂交,得到一条2000 bp左右特异条带,从而验证了RACE产物为全长cDNA并揭示该基因只有一个转录本。为了研究猪CTSD基因在体内不同组织内表达的特点,采用半定量RT-PCR对CTSD基因在猪10个组织中的表达进行研究,结果表明在10个组织中均有表达,且表达量与-βactin内参接近。     

Rooting response of shoot cuttings from three peach growth habits

Current year shoot cuttings were collected in October and August from three growth habits of peach (Compact, Pillar, and Standard) and treated with one of four concentrations of indole butyric acid (0, 250, 1250, and 2500 mg L⁻¹ IBA). Rooting response was measured after 5 weeks in the greenhouse. Little or no rooting occurred with cuttings from any growth habit that was collected in October or in August when treated with 0 and 2500 mg L⁻¹ IBA. In August, the number of shoots that rooted was greater in cuttings from Pillar (79 and 45%) than Compact (13 and 3%) treated with 250 and 1250 mg L⁻¹ IBA, respectively. Cuttings from Standard trees had intermediate rooting of 56 and 6% at 250 and 1250 mg L⁻¹ IBA, respectively. Pillar trees consistently grew more roots with greater root length per cutting than the other growth habits. It is proposed that differences in rooting response among the growth habits may be associated with differences in endogenous auxin concentration that had been found in previous studies. Within peach and possibly other fruit trees, the capacity of shoot cuttings to develop adventitious roots can vary by cultivar and successful root induction with exogenous plant growth regulators may depend, in part, on endogenous hormone levels.     

粳稻异交相关性状对外源赤霉素敏感性的QTL定位研究

[目的]定位粳稻异交相关性状对外源赤霉素敏感性的QTL,为选育和改良高敏感性不育系提供理论依据。[方法]以粳稻秀水79与C堡及其杂交后代衍生的重组自交系群体260个株系为研究材料,研究其4个异交相关性状对外源赤霉素处理的敏感性并利用复合区间作图方法（CIM）对其QTL进行定位。[结果]控制剑叶角度对赤霉素敏感性的QTL共有3个,分别位于第3、9、9染色体上,其贡献率分别为5.59%,13.00%和11.80%,增效等位基因分别来自秀水79、C堡和C堡;控制株高对赤霉素敏感性的QTL共有2个,分别位于第1和8染色体上,其贡献率分别为8.46%和10.97%,增效等位基因分别来自秀水79和C堡;控制第1节间长度对赤霉素敏感性的QTL只有1个,位于第3染色体上,其贡献率为0.05%,增效等位基因来自C堡;控制第2节间长度对赤霉素敏感性的QTL也只有1个,位于第1染色体上,其贡献率为7.34%,增效等位基因来自C堡。[结论]该研究结果对减少杂交水稻制种过程中外源赤霉素的使用量、节约制种成本、降低对环境的污染具有重要意义。     

冀西北半干旱区硅钾复合肥在玉米上的应用效果

在冀西北半干旱区,按照标准的田间试验设计方法开展硅钾复合肥在玉米上的应用研究.结果表明,硅钾复合肥对玉米的农艺性状、果穗性状及产量均具有显著的影响,说明硅钾复合肥在冀西北地区施用,具有显著的增产效果.     

外源脱落酸对苹果果实品质的影响

以6年生‘长富2号’为试材,共设置5个处理（CK,清水;A1,400 μmol·L^-1;A2,500 μmol·L^-1;A3,600 μmol·L^-1;A4,700 μmol·L^-1）,研究了喷施不同浓度脱落酸 (ABA) 对苹果果实品质的影响。结果表明,外源ABA可以改善果实品质。随着外源ABA浓度的提高,果实可溶性固形物含量上升,总酸含量无明显影响,固酸比提高;果实中可溶性糖含量显著提高,其中果糖、葡萄糖、山梨醇含量上升,而蔗糖含量下降;果实着色度得到了明显改善,a*值显著提高,果实颜色更红;各浓度外源ABA处理的果实硬度与对照相比显著提高;各处理单果重和果形指数未达到显著差异。综合分析,600 μmol·L^-1的外源ABA处理果实品质表现最优,为最适宜的喷施浓度。     

硅镁锌不同配比对水稻光合作用及产量的影响

为探究硅、镁、锌互作最优配比以提高水稻产量,以水稻品种龙粳29为试材,利用二次回归正交旋转设计方案研究硅镁锌不同配比用量对水稻光合作用及产量的影响。结果表明:净光合速率与产量呈负相关,气孔导度、胞间二氧化碳浓度和蒸腾速率与产量呈正相关,气孔导度对产量的影响最大,施用中间量的硅镁锌肥能使气孔导度达到最大值。