一种制备富含多糖丝状真菌基因组DNA的方法

采用改进CTAB法提取的红曲霉、镰刀菌和微小毛霉基因组DNA数量和质量都较为理想,DNA产量在90～130 μg·g-1湿菌体,大小均在21kb.4℃可保存4～6个月.用该方法提取的基因组DNA为PCR扩增的模板,扩增结果稳定、准确.分别用限制性内切酶SacⅠ、HindⅢ、BamHⅠ酶解红曲霉M34均能得到较为均一的完全酶切带.该方法快速、简便,成本低,适合富含色素和多糖的真菌的基因组DNA的提取.此外,还适合真菌分子育种等的筛选和样本量大的PCR检测.     

美国食用菌产业发展报告

通过利用美国农业部、农业统计局及相关行业网站发布的产业数据、新闻报道和研究报告,对美国食用菌产业的变化趋势及其原因进行梳理.结果发现,随着生产效率的提高美国食用菌产量和产值逐年提高,但通过不断的兼并收购,食用菌生产者的数量明显下降.在政府组织和行业自发的行业组织和协调下,美国食用菌行业竞争有序,食用菌价格稳定,食用菌产...     

文化创意视角下的食用菌产品包装设计分析

包装是展示产品特征、传递产品信息的重要载体,其中呈现的视觉形象、引发的审美体验直接关系到产品的辨识度,影响消费者的购买决策行为.通过分析文化创意视角下开展食用菌产品包装设计的原则,指出文化创意与产品包装设计的融合有利于展示食用菌产品特性,提升产品的审美内涵.从生态健康、情感和文化内涵等角度开展包装设计,使食用菌产品包装...     

荔枝龟背天牛幼虫空间分布型研究

对荔龟背天牛幼虫于荔枝园中的空间分状况调查和分析，表明该虫的空间分布为负二项分布；空间图式是聚集型；分布的基本成分为疏松的个体群。聚集行为受环境因素（主要是荔枝品种）的影响，此外，利用分布型参数确定了龟背天牛的理论抽样数并建立了序贯抽样检定表。     

一种改进的尖孢镰刀菌的实时荧光定量PCR检测方法

为实现荧光定量PCR对土壤病原真菌数量更为高效、灵敏的检测,本研究将液体培养的孢子悬浮液和长年耕作的水稻土制作成孢子浓度为4×10~1~4×10~6 spore/g的带菌土,采用MoBio PowerSoil@DNA Isolation Kit提取模拟带菌土壤总DNA,引入常规PCR预扩增包含qPCR目标序列的1 446bp片段,以预PCR产物为模板进行qPCR,构建荧光定量PCR标准曲线。研究结果表明:以试剂盒提取的带菌土壤总DNA为模板绘制的qPCR标准曲线相关系数r为0.985,检测下限为4×10~3 spore/g土;引入预PCR后,qPCR标准曲线相关系数r为0.974,检测下限为4×10~2 spore/g土,较未引入时提高了10倍,结合不同土壤病原真菌的特异性引物,该检测方法可为土壤病原真菌的有效定量检测提供技术支撑。     

印度梨形孢真菌诱导提高花生抗旱性研究初报

将印度梨形孢真菌(Piriformospora indica)接种于受不同干旱胁迫花生幼苗根部,研究接种该真菌对花生抗旱性的影响.试验设置3个处理,分别是:接菌+干旱胁迫处理、未接菌+干旱胁迫处理、未接菌+未干旱胁迫处理(CK).试验结果表明:接菌+干旱处理后的花生主根长、根鲜重、根干重、茎鲜重、茎干重、叶鲜重、叶干重、叶绿素含量(SPAD值)等农艺性状表现分别为14.96 cm、0.64g、0.08 g、1.48 g、0.20 g、1.61 g、0.29 g、42.63.与未接菌+干旱处理相比均显著增加,增幅分别为26.8％、25.50％、60％、15.63％、17.65％、15.59％、26.09％、7.43％.与对照相比,在主根长、根鲜重、根干重、茎干重、叶干重、叶绿素含量(SPAD值)等性状方面均没有显著性变化.以上结果说明:在干旱胁迫条件下,接种印度梨形孢真菌能够维持花生正常生长,使得花生从植株外部形态上表现出较强的抗旱性.     

细辛挥发油抗植物病原真菌活性初步研究

从天然产物包括植物中开发新的高效低毒环境友好型杀虫杀菌剂，是农药领域重要的研究内容。细辛（Asarum）为马兜铃科（Aristolochiaceae）草本植物，是我国特有的传统中药，中医用于治疗风寒头痛、痰饮咳喘、关节疼痛、鼻塞、牙痛、胃炎以及口腔糜烂等。有文献报道，细辛提取物对黄曲霉（Aspergillus sp．）、黑曲霉（Aspergillusr sp．）、人类致病菌白色念珠菌（Candida sp．）、伤寒杆菌（Salmonella sp．）有抑菌作用；对人参黑斑病菌（Alternaria panax）、人参根疫病菌（Phytophthora cactorum）、腐皮镰孢（Fusarium solani）和番茄灰霉病菌（Botrytis cinerea）等植物病原菌具有较好的抗菌效果。有关细辛抗菌机制的研究尚未见报道。本文选择9属16种植物病原真菌进行生物测定，探讨细辛挥发油抗菌的广谱性，并以Alternaria humicola为研究对象，对其抗菌机理进行初步研究，以便为开发新型植物杀菌剂提供理论依据。     

Biological control of the Western flower thripsFrankliniella occidentalis in cucumber using the entomopathogenic fungusMetarhizium anisopliae

Biological control of the western flower thrips (WFT)Frankliniella occidentalis, using the entomopathogenicMetarhizium anisopliae-7 (M. a-7) strain was studied in three consecutive seasons under greenhouse conditions. Cucumber plants infested with WFT were sprayed with spore suspension of the fungusM. a-7 (0.5 g m^-2), or the soil was treated with dry powder of the fungus (0.5 g m^-2); the control was without fungus application. In the 1997 spring experiment, when the cucumber plants were initially infested with only three or four insects per leaf, the spore suspension spray caused a significant reduction in growth of the thrips population compared with the other treatments and the control. However, in the 1997 summer experiment, when the plants were initially heavily infested with WFT (10–15 insects per leaf), the spray treatment caused only a modest reduction in WFT population growth, and only after 4 weeks of treatment was the reduction significant. In the 1999 experiment, with a low initial WFT population of three or four insects per leaf, the spray treatment was effective in reducing the population growth to a lower level than in the other treatments or control. TheM. a-7 strain was found to be effective in reducing the population growth of WFT under greenhouse conditions, particularly when the initial thrips population was low to moderate. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Nov. 4, 2001.     

Stem-base disease and fungal colonisation of winter wheat grown in compost inoculated with Fusarium culmorum, F. graminearum and Microdochium nivale

Fungal colonisation of winter wheat cv. Cadenza by Fusarium culmorum, F. graminearum and Microdochium nivale was studied under conditions designed to avoid the splash dispersal of conidia from infested compost, to evaluate the possibility that systemic growth may transfer infection from the stem-base to the head. At decimal growth stages 33, 59, 77–87 and 95 the extent of fungal growth was assessed using a sample of 72 plants, by the recovery of fungal species from the stem-base, from each node and from the ear. Each of the fungi was recovered from stem tissues above soil level in some, apparently symptomless, plants. Symptoms of Fusarium foot rot were seen in an increasing proportion of plants during grain-fill and desiccation. There was an inverse relationship between recovery and the height above stem-base from which the stem tissue was excised. F. culmorum was the most frequently isolated fungus and it was also recovered from the highest position in plants. Only 3% of plants were colonised above the second node and none of the fungal species were recovered from either the fifth node or the ear. This suggests that colonisation and systemic growth from Fusarium infested compost is unlikely to contribute to the development of ear blight symptoms in winter wheat.     

两种丛枝菌根菌剂对温室番茄穴盘幼苗生长的影响

在温室穴盘栽培条件下,对番茄幼苗接种2种商品用丛枝菌根菌剂BF(mycorrhizaforplants)和VT(mycorrhizaforvegetables),测定幼苗生长发育及光合生理等指标。结果表明:VT和BF均能不同程度地侵染番茄根系,接种35d后侵染率分别为78.3%、66.4%。接种AMF后幼苗的株高、茎粗、干质量、鲜质量、根系活力、叶绿素含量、净光合速率均大于未接菌对照,且接种VT菌剂的幼苗与未接菌对照相比差异显著。综合分析表明,VT对番茄穴盘幼苗的促生效果较好。