Evaluating Sugarcane Diets for Dairy Cows Using a Digestion Model

To eliminate unnecessary feeding trials, a mechanistic model of sugarcane digestion was used in the search for suitable supplements to improve milk production. Milk production simulated by the model was compared with data observed in four feeding trials published in the tropical literature where crossbred dairy cows were fed sugarcane/urea diets with different types of supplements. The predicted effects of the supplements on the ruminal microbial population, concentrations of ammonia and volatile fatty acids were also compared with the published results in one experiment. The model indicated the nutrient most limiting milk production for the different feeding situations. The addtion of Leucaena to the basal sugarcane/urea improved the availability of amino acids and long-chain fatty acids, with energy becoming the limiting factor. Supplementation with rice bran increased the availability of energy and long-chain fatty acids, but amino acids then became the limiting factor. Supplementation with both Leucaena and rice bran further improved the milk yield, but availability of energy now limited milk production. Supplementation with Leucaena increased milk production more than supplementation with king grass. The main reason for this increase was increased amino acid absorption due to increased microbial outflow. In all feeding situations, the average difference between the predicted milk production and that observed experimentally was 0.57 kg/d (ranging from 0.08 to 1 kg/d).     

Preliminary Epidemiological and Clinical Observations on Shimao Zheng (Fleece-Eating) in Goats and Sheep

Veterinary Research Communications -     

钾镁配施对杨梅品质和矿质营养的影响

为提升杨梅产量及品质,分析了钾镁不同配施比例对杨梅果实品质及营养元素的变化特点。结果显示,株施单钾肥1.0 kg,可显著提高杨梅果实单果重、可溶性固形物、可溶性糖及Vc含量,分别比对照组提高17.43%、11.48%、13.23%及19.96%,果实中矿质养分钾、磷、铁含量显著提高;株施单镁肥0.3 kg,可显著提高杨梅果实单果重、可溶性固形物、总糖及Vc含量,分别比对照组提高13.24%、9.60%、10.89%及15.70%;株施镁钾混合配施比例为0.2/0.75 kg时,可显著提高杨梅果实产量、可溶性固形物、可溶性糖及硬度,果实中钾、铁含量显著提高。本研究可为提升杨梅品质的配方施肥技术方案提供依据。     

不同柑桔品种裂果及其成因研究

摘要：目的：柑桔裂果是生产中常见的一种生理性病害,严重影响果实的商品价值,因此弄清不同柑桔品种裂果的差异及成因对提高柑桔品质、减少产量损失尤为重要。材料与方法：本研究对纽荷尔脐橙、朋娜脐橙、白柳脐橙、清家脐橙、塔罗科血橙、兴津温州蜜柑、清见桔橙、不知火桔橙、485-28、32-1（其中485-28、32-1为柑研所新品系）10个品种进行裂果数目调查,并与气象资料、树体叶片营养状况和果实品质进行相关性分析。结果与分析：结果表明,不同品种间裂果率差异极大,清见未见裂果,而 485-28 的累计裂果率达到 78.72%。甜橙类品种裂果率与果皮厚度呈显著负相关。雨量分布不均是导致果实裂果的原因之一。研究发现柑桔叶片钾含量与裂果率呈显著负相关,结果枝与营养枝的钙含量与果实裂果率相关性不明显,但二者间的差值与裂果率呈显著负相关,这可能与 Ca的调运能力有关,具体原因有待进一步研究。结论：因此,生产上应选择裂果率较低的品种,合理灌溉,适当增施钾和钙肥,以降低果实裂果率。     

反刍动物肽营养研究进展

本文综述了反刍动物肽的吸收特点及影响因素,肽的吸收代谢机制,肽对瘤胃微生物的调控及对反刍动物生产性能发挥的作用,以及饲料蛋白源活性肽的开发应用。     

毛皮质量的营养调控

影响毛皮质量的因素很多,如品种、性别、年龄、生理状况、饲料营养、饲养管理、加工过程等。本文从饲料营养水平、添加剂的使用等角度论述营养与毛皮品质的关系。     

疏花对无核荔枝果实和树体营养的影响

为了研究疏花对无核荔枝果实和树体营养的影响,以不疏花为对照,在初花期对其进行疏花处理,统计疏花量、记录果实发育情况及成熟日期,并测定果实成熟时的品质和整个过程中树体叶片营养变化情况。据统计,每株树的平均疏花量达到80%-90%左右,疏掉的小穗数、支穗数和侧穗数分别为89.81%、89.74%、81.82%。试验结果表明,疏花使无核荔枝的果实发育情况及果实成熟时的可食率、单果重、总糖、维生素C、还原糖均高于对照;果实成熟时,平均单株产量提高70.59%;疏花处理的果实成熟期较对照提前7天左右;该过程中树体叶片N、P、K、S、Ca、Mg含量在前期高于而后期稍低于对照。疏花加快了无核荔枝果实生长发育,并提高了果实的产量和品质。     

Effect of a short-term infusion with soybean oil-based lipid emulsion on phagocytic responses of canine peripheral blood polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leukocytes

Background: The use of soybean oil-based lipid emulsion (SO-based LE) in parenteral nutrition has been reported to impair neutrophil functions in humans and rodents. As yet, little is understood about the effects of SO-based LE on canine immune responses.
Hypothesis: A short-term infusion with SO-based LE affects the phagocytic responses of canine peripheral blood polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leukocytes (PMNs).
Animals: Twenty-four healthy Beagle dogs.
Methods: Experimental study. Dogs were randomly assigned into groups of six and administered a 2-hour IV infusion with 0.9% NaCl solution or sufficient SO-based LE (INTRALIPOS 20%) to supply 40, 100, and 200% of the basal energy requirement (BER). PMN functions were determined after collecting blood samples before, immediately after, and 24 hours after the infusion.
Results: None of the treatments significantly affected the phagocytic capacity of PMNs or circulating leukocyte numbers. The infusion providing 200% of BERs significantly reduced PMN oxidative burst activity, filamentous actin polymerization, and Cdc42 Rho guanosine triphosphatase activity immediately after its delivery. However, these functions were restored to pre-infusion values 24 hours after the infusion. The lower calorie infusions did not have these effects.
Conclusions and Clinical Importance: These results suggest that short-term infusions with a supraphysiological dose of SO-based LE may decrease the immune functions of canine PMNs. However, more long-term studies will be needed to extrapolate the effect of SO-based LE with clinically relevant doses in a practical situation.     

棉秆剪切力与营养成分含量之间的相关关系

本试验旨在研究棉秆剪切力与营养成分含量之间的相关关系。将棉秆按照近地面1/3(下1/3)、中部1/3(中1/3)和上部1/3(上1/3)切为3段,测定各段的质量和长度,计算线性密度;测定茎秆和侧茎的剪切力及主要营养成分的含量。结果表明:棉秆线性密度及直径由上至下逐渐升高,3段之间差异显著(P0.05);全株棉秆粗蛋白质含量为8.78%;中性洗涤纤维在茎秆下1/3含量(62.54%)最高,棉叶中含量(35.51%)最低;棉秆茎秆中粗蛋白质及粗灰分含量与剪切力间呈负相关关系(P0.001);干物质、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维及半纤维素含量与剪切力呈正相关关系(P0.001)。棉秆不同部位中,剪切力大小主要受其直径和营养成分含量的影响,棉秆的剪切力与营养成分含量之间具有较强的线性关系。     

精氨酸营养生理功能研究新进展

精氨酸作为一种条件性必需氨基酸,不仅是合成蛋白质的重要原料,而且在生理调节方面具有重要的功能。近来年有关精氨酸营养生理功能的研究又取得了许多突破性的进展,本文对精氨酸在促进孕期及新生期胎儿生长、特异性减少脂肪含量、调控肿瘤细胞生长、改善心血管系统疾病、免疫调理等方面的最新研究成果以及过量添加精氨酸对动物机体的影响进行了综述,以促进精氨酸在相关领域的应用及其研究的深入。