东海区头足类群聚空间分布特征的初步研究

根据2000年东海区(27°00′~34°00′N、127°00′E以西海域)150 m等深线以浅4个季节的底拖网监测调查资料,运用聚类分析和非度量多维标度(NMDS)的方法分析东海区头足类群聚的空间分布特征,并且探讨各个群聚类型的指示种类以及头足类群聚分布与环境的关系。头足类主要种类为剑尖枪乌贼(Loligo edulis)、太平洋褶柔鱼(Todarodes paci-ficus)、金乌贼(Sepia esculenta)等。多元分析结果显示,各季节头足类群聚类型不同。根据各群聚类型分布的海域大致可以将其划分为黄海南部-东海外海-东海中南部群聚、长江口外海域群聚和东海北部海域群聚3种群聚类型。它们的空间分布区域随着季节的不同而发生变化,群聚类型的分布区域也会相互交错。各季节不同群聚类型的种类组成不同,多数种类一般同时出现于不同的类群中,有的种类在所有群聚类型中都有分布。它们的空间分布也是交错的,只是相对集中的区域有所不同,在不同群聚类型中的渔获率和出现频率不同。头足类各群聚类型种类组成的季节差异较明显,各群聚类型中相对稳定的主要特征种类较少。调查海域中影响头足类种类空间分布特征的主要环境因子为水温,而水深等环境因素的影响并不明显     

2004年夏季黄、东海表面水温状态分析

对 2 0 0 4年夏季黄、东海表面水温进行了分析。结果表明 :黄、东海 2 0 0 4年夏季表面温度表现为沿岸区域偏高、暖流势力一般的特点 ,并显示出前中期偏高较甚 ,后期趋缓的特征。在沿岸的大部分区域 7、8月的平均表面水温都超过了历史同期新高 ,意味着 2 0 0 4年夏季至少就沿岸海域而言是一个非同寻常的夏季。     

Long-term changes in zooplankton and its relationship with squid, Todarodes pacificus, catch in Japan/East Sea

Long‐term change in zooplankton biomass and composition of major zooplankton assemblages was studied with a focus on climate change and squid catch in the Japan/East Sea. This study deals with data sets of zooplankton biomass, abundance of major zooplankton assemblages, and sea surface temperature (SST) obtained during the period from 1965 to 1998, and the catch of squid, Todarodes pacificus, from 1978 to 1998. Based on its physical characteristics, the study area was divided into two subregions, a northern and southern region. The SST during the winter and spring (February and April) steadily increased after the late 1980s in the southern region. On the other hand, the northern region did not have a warm winter and had higher interannual fluctuations. Zooplankton biomass also showed an increasing trend and major zooplankton assemblages have shifted in their composition since the early 1990s. The northern region exhibited a greater increasing trend than the southern region in zooplankton biomass. Macrozooplankton such as chaethognaths, euphausiids and amphipods gradually increased after the early 1990s. In the Japan/East Sea, squid catches increased continuously after the early 1990s. The squid catch for the autumn of year n is significantly associated with the zooplankton biomass collected in October and December of year n ? 1 (r=0.864 in the northern region and r=0.818 in the southern region, P < 0.001) and macrozooplankton, especially euphausiids (r=0.578 in the northern region and r=0.840 in the southern region, P < 0.05) and amphipods (r=0.695 in the northern region and r=0.648 in the southern region, P < 0.05).     

Enclosure culture ban and its effects on water quality and phytoplankton community in a subtropical shallow lake

Enclosure culture, ubiquitous anthropogenic activity in shallow lakes, was prohibited in East Taihu Lake with all breeding infrastructure demolished at the end of 2018. However, the ecological responses of water quality change and phytoplankton community succession to the enclosure culture ban remain largely unknown. In this study, we conducted field investigations monthly in East Taihu Lake to present a comprehensive study of water quality and phytoplankton community variation before (2018) and after (2019) the enclosure culture ban. With the cessation of aquaculture activities, water quality significantly improved, TN and TP decreased by 54% and 34%, respectively, and eutrophic state shifted from light eutrophic (mean TSI = 59) to mesotrophic status (mean TSI = 48) in autumn. Chl-a decreased from 33.34 ± 16.87 to 24.84 ± 15.43 μg/L, and SDD increased from 0.76 ± 0.19 to 0.95 ± 0.36 m. Meanwhile, phytoplankton abundance significantly decreased from 3.6 × 10⁷ to 1.6 × 10⁷ cell/L, with the contribution of Cyanophyta markedly decreasing from 82% to 63%. In addition, the heterogeneity of phytoplankton community markedly increased. The changes in water quality and phytoplankton following the enclosure culture ban were largely due to the suspension of external nutrient input from breeding activity and improved water clarity. Redundancy analysis (RDA) analysis further elucidated that water temperature and nutrients were the main factors affecting phytoplankton dynamics. Our findings showed that the ban on enclosure culture had an extremely positive ecological impact.     

云南香蕉病虫害危害现状及防治策略

通过调查研究,报道云南香蕉病虫害种类、危害现状和当前病虫防治工作中存在问题,提出防治策略和建议。     

云南4个烤烟品种烟叶主要化学成分含量的变异分析

对云南省55个县种植的4个主栽烤烟品种烟株烟叶的主要化学成分含量的变异进行了分析。结果表明:不同烤烟品种的烟株烟叶主要化学成分含量在不同品种间除氯的含量和钾氯比外,其他指标在各品种间均存在极显著或显著差异。聚类分析可将云南主栽的此4个烤烟品种划分为两大类,第I类为红花大金元,第II类群为K326、云烟85和云烟87。依据烟叶化学成分含量除红花大金元外,对云南的3个烤烟主栽品种的种植区域进行了划分。云烟85在云南的55个种植县可分成10个类群;K326在云南的49个种植县可分成19个类群;云烟87在云南的23个种植县可分成9个类群。     

华东监测区森林资源监测体系现状及其完善对策

论述与分析了华东监测区森林资源监测体系的现状,侧重于论述目前森林资源规划设计调查的状况和存在的种种问题.在此基础上,为了能使地方森林资源监测体系更好地服务于现代林业建设,在调查区划、质量控制等方面提出了改进森林资源规划设计调查的措施,同时也提出了注重土地属性调查、加大经费投入等对策来进一步完善地方森林资源监测体系.     

东江源区水环境管理体制创新研究

指出了东江源区水质的好坏直接影响东江中下游水质,有效管理东江源区水环境是关系到江西省、广东省和香港人民饮水安全的重要工作。分析了东江源区水环境管理中存在的问题,针对创新有效的东江源区水环境管理机制进行了探讨。     

林改后实现山区林农稳定增收的途径分析

集体林权制度改革后,将林地使用权、林木所有权和使用权落实到农户,确定了林农在林业经营中的主体地位,林农的爱林护林积极性将得到极大提高;另一方面,林农的经济利益和林区的生态建设之间短期内会出现矛盾,那么如何做到既鼓励林农种树护林的积极性并促进其增收,又维护生态和谐,这是必须解决的问题。本文结合云南省林权制度改革的实际情况,对上述问题进行了阐述。     

云南省荔枝树根际的两种拟鞘线虫

描述了采自云南省果树根际的隶属于环科[Criconematidae(Taylor,1936)Thorn,1949]、环亚科(Criconematinae Taylor,1936)的两种线虫荔枝拟鞘线虫(Hemicriconemoides litichi Edward & Misra,1963)和紧鞘拟鞘线虫(Hemicriconemoides stricta the catus