RAPD Analysis of M_1 Generation of Gladiolus hybridus Hort Treated by EMS

Gladiolus hybridus Hort is one of the world＇s famous cutting flowers. It is very popular because of the big size, bright color, various shape, and long period of bloom. New species should be cultivated in order to meet the consumers＇ need of asking for the new. Among the technologies of cultivating new species of flowers, mutagenic breeding is a shortcut. This study treated corm bud of G. hybridus Hort with EMS of different consistency. Then M1 after treated was analyzed by RAPD. The result showed that EMS was a very effective mutagenic agent for the corm bud of G. hybridus Hort. With the increase of consistency, the mutagenic range increased first, then decreased, among which 0.6% EMS treatment had the biggest influence. However, with the same EMS consistency, there was not close relevancy between the amount of mutagenic agent and the divergence of plant＇s genomes, which offered a molecular basis for selecting plants with good mutation.     

19份玉米EMS诱变系的遗传差异评价

对新选的玉米EMS诱变系进行遗传评价是对其展开利用研究的前提。以19份玉米EMS诱变系为试材,利用表型分析和玉米品种鉴定技术规程SSR标记法(NY/T1432-2014),研究各诱变系与相应基础试材间的遗传差异,结果表明:在考察的20个性状中,与基础试材相比,诱变系K305Y1403、K305Y1409、K305Y1411和K305Y1415有9个性状达到显著或极显著差异;R08Y1425、R08Y1423、R08Y1429分别有17,13,12个性状达到显著或极显著差异,与相应基础试材差异较大。40对SSR引物,平均每对引物在来源于K305与R08的诱变系中,检测出的等位基因个数平均分别为3.8,4.2个,扩增出的基因型个数平均分别为1.90,2.15个;每个位点的多态性信息量(PIC)分别为0~0.76和0~0.88,平均PIC分别为0.20和0.28;与基础材料间的遗传相似系数分别为0.790~0.918和0.707~0.884,平均分别为0.862和0.809;各诱变系与相应基础试材的遗传差异位点数均在2个或2个以上。综上可知,该19份新选诱变系与相应基础试材间存在真实的遗传差异,可继续开展其遗传利用研究。     

中华补血草EMS突变体创制的初步研究

[目的]为深入研究中华补血草的有关泌盐基因及其泌盐机理奠定基础。[方法]分别用不同浓度(0、0.4%、0.5%、0.6%)的EMS溶液对中华补血草种子进行不同时间的处理,通过盆栽试验,研究获得中华补血草EMS突变体的最佳条件,并对突变体进行筛选。[结果]EMS诱变中华补血草种子的最佳条件为:0.5%EMS溶液处理种子10 h。此时中华补血草种子的萌发率为51%,符合作为突变体的半致死要求。[结论]利用该方法获得了37株表型突变体,说明采用EMS诱变生产中华补血草突变体是可行的。     

冬瓜EMS诱变条件优化及突变体筛选

为研究甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)诱变技术在冬瓜种质资源创制中的效果和探索适宜的冬瓜种子诱变体系,采用EMS磷酸缓冲液对冬瓜种子进行诱变处理,研究了处理浓度和诱变处理时间对冬瓜种子萌发和生长的影响,并对冬瓜M1、M2代突变体的田间生物学性状进行调查分析。结果表明,最佳的诱变条件为1.2% EMS诱变12 h,在此条件下,冬瓜种子发芽率、成苗率分别为54.67%、51.83%,接近半数致死浓度;在该诱变条件下大规模处理冬瓜种子10000 粒,催芽播种4752 粒,成苗4500 株,植株具有典型的EMS处理后的真叶畸形、黄化等特征,证明EMS诱导成功,自交授粉获得586 个自交瓜。种植M2代株系后获得叶、花、果实和株型等相关的突变体,突变率分别为27.22%、26.80%、20.47%、16.06%,冬瓜总突变频率为11.53%。本研究建立了冬瓜种子EMS诱变体系,构建了冬瓜突变体库,为冬瓜功能基因研究奠定了材料基础。     

EMS对新春11小麦抗性淀粉和农艺性状的诱变效果

为给甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)在高抗性淀粉小麦诱变育种中的应用提供依据,以春小麦新春11为材料,分析了不同浓度EMS诱变小麦种子的M2代成熟籽粒抗性淀粉含量的变化,同时结合株高等农艺性状时优异材料进行了筛选.结果表明,不同浓度EMS(0.3%、0.5%和0.7%)处理后,M2代籽粒平均抗性淀粉含量分别为2.76%、3.22%和4.31%,高于未处理的籽粒抗性淀粉含量(2.57%),并发现了抗性淀粉含量较高和较低的突变体.其中,0.3%浓度EMS最适宜新春11农艺性状的诱变,突变类型最多;0.7%的EMS处理获得的高抗性淀粉含量的突变体更为丰富.综合农艺性状、产量性状和品质的表现,筛选出7个抗性淀粉含量高且综合性状优良的M2突变家系.     

大豆“南农94-16”突变体库的构建及部分性状分析

本研究对"南农94-16"大豆种子用NaN3-60Coγ射线复合诱变以及EMS诱变来构建大豆突变体库。两种方式诱变大豆分别获得54份和66份叶、茎、花、种子、子叶等性状变异的突变体。用644对SSR标记分别对其中的14株耐涝突变体和1株叶色浅绿突变体进行了鉴定。结果表明,14株耐涝突变体,有2株与对照有超过100个标记的差异,其余植株分别有1到7个标记的差异;叶色浅绿突变体与对照有39个标记的差异,遗传分析表明该性状由细胞核单基因隐性遗传控制。这些突变体可以作为新的种质资源,构建的突变体库也有助于大豆功能基因组研究的开展。     

晋麦47 EMS突变体库的构建及高代突变材料品质性状的初步分析

为加快小麦抗旱种质资源创制,推进抗旱品种的遗传改良工作,采用0.6％甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)溶液处理晋麦47的种子,构建了包含12272个单株的M2突变体库,对各突变性状和突变率进行调查与分析.此外,对前期研究筛选出的50份M7和M8突变材料籽粒的硬度指数、蛋白质含量、湿面筋含量、沉降值、吸水率、稳定时间、最大拉伸阻力和...     

EMS与NaN_3对甘蓝型油菜和芥菜型油菜诱变的效果

采用化学诱变剂甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)和叠氮化钠(NaN3)分别以不同浓度和处理时间组合,对3个甘蓝型油菜品种(湘油15号、中油821、中双9号)和3个芥菜型油菜品种(金油王2号、品系153和154)成熟种子进行诱变。以未处理组为对照,比较了诱变当代(M1)种子的发芽率和子代(M2)株高、叶色、花色、种皮颜色和花粉育性等生物学性状。结果发现,随着诱变剂浓度的增加和处理时间的延长各品种(系)M1代种子的发芽率逐渐降低,且相同处理条件下芥菜型油菜的平均发芽率要低于甘蓝型油菜;在M2代中初步筛选出28个甘蓝型油菜和38个芥菜型油菜的株高、叶色、花色等性状的突变体,为今后油菜遗传改良和功能基因组学研究提供了更丰富的研究材料。     

Clearfield® rice: Its development,success, and key challenges on a global perspective

Weedy rice (Oryza sativa) is a close relative of domesticated rice and a noxious weed prevalent in rice fields in world regions where rice is grown. Weedy rice management has remained challenging to farmers, mainly due to the weed's physiological and morphological resemblance to rice cultivars. The introduction of Clearfield^® rice provides an alternative solution and an additional tool for integrated weed management. Clearfield^® rice-based programs result in the cleanest rice fields in the southern U.S. However, persistent application of the imidazolinone herbicides (imazethapyr, imazamox, and imazapic) in Clearfield^® rice raises concerns about the possible evolution of resistance to ALS-inhibitor herbicides in weedy rice and the transfer of resistance trait. The risk of resistant weedy rice evolution is much higher in Asia, Latin America, and other tropical regions where there is no winterkill and rice is planted at least twice each year. Herbicide carryover to rotational crops is also a concern. We summarized the progress of commercialization of Clearfield^® rice in 15 countries across the continents of America, Asia and Europe. In some countries, imidazolinone-resistant weedy rice outcrosses have been found abundant, thereby negating the utility of Clearfield^® technology. The persistence of imidazolinone herbicide residues in the soil is a concern in regions where multiple crops are planted in a year, or the following year. These challenges should be anticipated by countries that are considering adopting Clearfield^® rice technology. Issues associated with gene escape, resistance evolution in weedy rice, and herbicide carryover to rotational crops remain to be resolved. Research to achieve sustainable solutions for weedy rice management, must be continued and intense educational programs for growers must be sustained.