EMS诱变刺荞的形态突变体鉴定与分析

为构建苦荞EMS突变体库和为苦荞功能基因组学研究准备基础材料,利用化学诱变剂甲基磺酸乙酯（ethyl methane sulfonate,EMS）诱变处理刺荞种子,对获得的M₂代材料进行生物学性状与农艺性状鉴定,并对部分M₂代材料播种家系进行验证。对M₂代全生育期田间表型进行观察鉴定,共获得480份突变体材料,包括子粒、叶片、茎秆及生育期等生物学特性与主要农艺性状突变体,变异类型丰富,尤其是首次发现了子粒多棱苦荞新材料,并发现了自然突变中少见的变异类型,如子粒开裂等变异类型。所构建的刺荞EMS突变群体较理想,可望有效用于苦荞功能基因组研究和苦荞遗传改良。     

An EMS-induced wheat mutant restoring fertility against photoperiod-sensitive cytoplasmic male sterility

Triticum aestivum cv. 'Norin 26' with Aegilops crassa cytoplasm shows photoperiod-sensitive cytoplasmic male sterility (PCMS). This alloplasmic line is almost completely male-sterile under long-day conditions (≥ 15h), but highly male-fertile under short-day conditions (≤ 14.5h). To obtain male—fertile mutants against PCMS, seeds of the alloplasmic line were treated with ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS). The M₃ generation was evaluated for PCMS expression, and one fertility-restoring (FR-mutant) line showing high male fertility under the long-day conditions was selected. Reciprocal F, hybrids between the FR-mutant and the alloplasmic 'Norin 26' showed male sterility under the long-day conditions, and continuous segregation with respect to the degree of fertility restoration occurred in their F₂ generations. These results indicate that multiple recessive mutations with minor effects, induced in the nuclear genome, are involved in the fertility restoration. In fact, no restriction-fragment-length polymorphisms of mitochondrial DNA between the FR-mutant and the alloplasmic 'Norin 26' are found.     

大豆“南农94-16”突变体库的构建及部分性状分析

本研究对"南农94-16"大豆种子用NaN3-60Coγ射线复合诱变以及EMS诱变来构建大豆突变体库。两种方式诱变大豆分别获得54份和66份叶、茎、花、种子、子叶等性状变异的突变体。用644对SSR标记分别对其中的14株耐涝突变体和1株叶色浅绿突变体进行了鉴定。结果表明,14株耐涝突变体,有2株与对照有超过100个标记的差异,其余植株分别有1到7个标记的差异;叶色浅绿突变体与对照有39个标记的差异,遗传分析表明该性状由细胞核单基因隐性遗传控制。这些突变体可以作为新的种质资源,构建的突变体库也有助于大豆功能基因组研究的开展。     

大豆“南农86-4”突变体筛选及突变体库的构建

应用⁶⁰Co γ射线和甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)分别对“南农86-4”大豆种子进行诱变，并构建大豆突变体库。结果在M₃代分别获得40份和145份叶、茎、花、种子、子叶等性状变异的材料。在两种方式诱变的M₃代都获得蛋白质和油含量变化的材料，尤其在EMS诱变的M₃代中获得47份蛋白质含量比对照高5个百分点以上的材料，5份蛋白质和油总含量比对照高5个百分点以上的材料。这些突变体可以作为新的种质资源，构建的突变体库也有助于大豆功能基因组研究的开展。     

计算机数据通信规约测试及故障分析系统

为确保电网调度自动化系统(EMS／DMS)远动信息准确可靠，本文结合电网调度自动化系统生产运行维护中的实际应用情况，叙述了利用实时数据通信规约测试及故障分析系统准确诊断并快速处理解决远动信息的故障与异常问题及生产应用等进行了阐述。     

冬瓜EMS诱变条件优化及突变体筛选

为研究甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)诱变技术在冬瓜种质资源创制中的效果和探索适宜的冬瓜种子诱变体系,采用EMS磷酸缓冲液对冬瓜种子进行诱变处理,研究了处理浓度和诱变处理时间对冬瓜种子萌发和生长的影响,并对冬瓜M1、M2代突变体的田间生物学性状进行调查分析。结果表明,最佳的诱变条件为1.2% EMS诱变12 h,在此条件下,冬瓜种子发芽率、成苗率分别为54.67%、51.83%,接近半数致死浓度;在该诱变条件下大规模处理冬瓜种子10000 粒,催芽播种4752 粒,成苗4500 株,植株具有典型的EMS处理后的真叶畸形、黄化等特征,证明EMS诱导成功,自交授粉获得586 个自交瓜。种植M2代株系后获得叶、花、果实和株型等相关的突变体,突变率分别为27.22%、26.80%、20.47%、16.06%,冬瓜总突变频率为11.53%。本研究建立了冬瓜种子EMS诱变体系,构建了冬瓜突变体库,为冬瓜功能基因研究奠定了材料基础。     

Doubled haploid lines of Brassica carinata with modified erucic acid content through mutagenesis by EMS treatment of isolated microspores

Brassica carinata is a potential oilseed crop for the Mediterranean area. Chemical mutagenesis has been applied to microspores of B. carinata with the purpose of identifying lines with altered erucic acid content. From a population of nearly 400 doubled haploid plants recovered, nine lines have been identified that exhibit promising useful changes in erucic acid concentration in the seed oil. Three lines showed erucic acid contents below 25%, with a minimum of 17.1%, and in six lines the level of this fatty acid was greater than 52%. Changes in other fatty acids are also described and discussed.     

EMS诱导巴西橡胶树花药次生体细胞胚突变方法初探

以巴西橡胶树热研7-33-97未成熟花药次生体细胞胚为材料,采用化学诱变剂EMS(甲基磺酸乙酯)诱变处理,设置4个浓度(0%、0.1%、0.3%、0.5%)、4个处理时间(2、4、6、8 h)共16个处理组合,以"半致死剂量"为选择标准,确定了巴西橡胶树热研7-33-97未成熟花药次生体细胞胚的适应诱导组合为EMS浓度0.5%,处理时间4 h。     

化学诱变剂EMS对白菜型冬油菜‘陇油7号’形态及生理生化的影响

采用不同体积分数化学诱变剂甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)处理白菜型冬油菜‘陇油7号’种子,研究其发芽率、成苗率及苗期植株形态特征、叶片和根的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、可溶性蛋白质质量分数、可溶性糖质量分数的变化。结果表明,EMS对油菜‘陇油7号’发芽率和成苗率的抑制作用随浓度增加而增强,0.6%为半致死量;EMS对油菜的生长发育有一定抑制作用,且抑制作用与浓度呈正相关;用一定体积分数的EMS处理油菜种子其抗逆性有增强趋势。     

玉米诱变育种研究进展

简述了电离辐射和化学诱变等玉米诱变育种方法,对激光辐照诱变育种和EMS花粉诱变育种等发展较快的新技术作了较详细的阐述。