烟草脉清病毒完整基因组上微卫星分布特性研究

借助MATLAB软件和最优完全子图算法,提取并展示NCBI数据库中烟草脉清病毒完整基因组（NC-003378.1）上微卫星分布特性。结果表明,计算出了各种1-碱基组～6-碱基组在完整基因组序列上重复出现次数和出现位置,并展示它们的分布规律（指数函数）。烟草脉清病毒完整基因组上各种N-碱基组最大的重复出现次数,随N按指数函数数减少;各种N-碱基组重复出现次数由少到多排序的结果,重复出现次数随序号增加。该研究方法可以系统地运用到其他病毒完整基因组序列微卫星分布特性的提取和展示,从而为有效利用微卫星分布特性研究完整基因组的结构和功能、遗传和变异规律提供依据。     

西藏喜马拉雅红豆杉的分布及繁殖技术初探

阐述喜马拉雅红豆杉在西藏的分布及其生物生态学特性,以及繁殖方法,提出就地建立自然保护小区和异地繁殖培育增加资源总量等建议。     

Studie über die Möglichkeiten der Identifizierung von stau- and grundwasserbeeinflußten Böden durch die Anwendung von falschfarbigen Luftbildern und photographischen Äquidensiten

Two well drained pedons from deeply weathered level terrace of Madhupur Tract were studied. Silt and clay fractions were determined by pipette sampling method and sand fractions by dry sieving. The sand fraction distribution was bimodal. The pedons consisted of three weakly stratified segments. A large amount (78–95 %) of materials of these segments belonged to the suspension population during transportation. The saltation population contained 5–20 % of the sediment, whereas the traction population only 0–0.1 %. The increase of coarser material content against depth in these pedons indicate that the energy level of the transporting medium raised more and more as the phases of deposition proceeded.     

热胁迫下萝卜干物质形成特性研究

本文研究了萝卜不同耐热品种在高温胁迫下的生长表现,叶面积、干物质变化。结果表明:热胁迫对萝卜生长的影响主要是叶面积下降,根腐病大量发生,导致个体变小、品质变劣、产量下降。热胁迫下萝卜播收期为60 d,播种后30 d为长叶期,30~60d为长根期。通过苗期单位面积叶鲜重与收获期有效根率测定可预测萝卜耐热性。     

大陆漂移与云南胡蜂的扩散分布

云南高原位于北纬21°9′～29°15′和东经97°39′～106°12′之间,总面积394000km2,地质和气候、植被非常复杂.大陆漂移和冰期的进退是影响昆虫起源和演替的一个重要原因.昆虫的祖先是起源于一个统一大陆,在这个大陆上共同起源.共同进化,随着原始大陆的分离和漂移,把这些类群运载到各地,形成现今昆虫分布格局.昆虫的扩散是以中心分布方式成环状向周围扩散的.云南胡蜂的祖先是来自冈瓦那古陆.有两支昆虫进入云南,其中一支来自喜马拉雅山,另一支来自缅甸.冰期是导致南北生物互相混合和渗入的重要因素.胡蜂的特有类群是在冈瓦那古陆分裂之后才发展起来的.其祖先最早是分布在原始古陆较狭窄的区域内.     

昆明金殿鸣凤山的苔藓植物

对昆明金殿鸣凤山苔藓植物进行了调查,共采集苔藓植物标本384号.经鉴定,共23科53属112种,其中苔类植物7科7属9种;藓类植物16科46属103种,其中云南新分布记录21种(分属于9科17属).区内苔藓植物的生活型有固着型和根着型,群落类型有石生群落、土生群落和木生群落.组成土生群落的种类最多,是该区域内具代表性的群落类型.苔藓植物种类、分布、生活型和群落类型与其在区内的地理分布因素、植被条件和适生地的生态环境密切相关,作为地被物,其对生境生态系统将会产生影响.该区域内的苔藓植物在地理分布类型上属云贵区,而与青藏区和岭南区存在一定的相似性.作为云贵区低纬度高原山地的苔藓分布类型,有一定的代表性.苔藓植物可在组成该区域景观植物配置中发挥重要作用.     

新疆鸦葱属(Scorzonera L.)的分类学研究

本文对新疆鸦葱属(Scorzonera L.)的18个种和1变种从分类和分布方面进行了研究,其中剑叶鸦葱(S.ensifolia)、伊犁鸦葱(S.iliensis)、直鸦葱(S.stricta)、块根鸦葱(S.tuberos a)和宽叶鸦葱(S.pusilla uar.lati-folia)是首次报导,指出新疆是我国鸦葱属植物的重要分布中心、还根据种的主要特征作出了分种检索表     

浙江省鸟类的生态地理初步研究

浙江省鸟类计410种,隶属19目63科203属。本文对浙江鸟类的生态群和地理分布进行叙述和讨论,初步建议浙江省境内的鸟类区系划分为6省2州。     

基于最小编码长度的基因数据聚类(英文)

[目的]分析基于最小编码长度的基因数据聚类算法的聚类效果,以期为基因数据聚类提供新的方法。[方法]将基因数据的聚类看成是高维混合数据的聚类,通过对基因数据进行预处理后,再利用主成分分析将基因数据降维,降维后基因数据呈类高斯分布,这样分布的基因数据能够被一个简单的基于有损数据压缩的聚类算法进行有效的聚类,而该基于有损数据压缩的聚类算法是根据聚类后使基因的总体编码长度最小原则对基因进行聚类的。试验中分别利用该新算法与传统聚类算法对酵母和拟南芥基因数据进行聚类,并通过基因聚类内部评价和功能评价来验证该新算法的有效性。[结果]通过利用酵母和拟南芥基因数据对新算法的验证试验表明,该研究中的新算法得到的聚类效果优于传统聚类算法,且避免了聚类数需要主观确定和对初始聚类中心敏感等问题。[结论]该研究结果为基因数据聚类提供了一种全新的聚类方法。     

Review of Measurement Technologies for Air Pollutants at Livestock and Poultry Farms

With the intensification of livestock breeding, the air quality problem of livestock farms caused by high density breeding is becoming more and more serious. Animal husbandry has become one of the important sources of air pollutants in China. Air emitted from most intensive livestock houses contains a large amount of pollutants, including ammonia, sulfides, particulate matters (PM), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which not only poses a big threat to animals and workers in livestock farms, but also spreads to the surrounding environment resulting in air pollution. Scientific and applicable air pollutants measuring methods are the basis of monitoring and controlling air pollution in livestock and poultry farms. In this article, the detection methods of livestock farming related hazardous gases (e.g., NH₃, H₂S), greenhouse gases, particulate matters and odor were summarized. The detection methods of hazardous gases in livestock houses mainly include chemical analysis, semiconductor gas sensor detection, spectroscopic methodology and mass spectrometry. The wet-chemical method is cheap and can detect gases sensitively and accurately, while it cannot detect gases in real time, and the process is time-consuming and labor-intensive. The gas tube is cheap and easy to operate, but the deviation is great. Electrochemical sensor is of high sensitivity, moderate cost and can be used to detect gas concentration continuously, however, the devices are easy to age. Spectrum method and mass spectrometry can detect gas quickly and accurately, but it is not suitable for conventional air detection of productive livestock farming due to its high costs. In this paper, the detection methods of greenhouse gases (e.g., CH₄, CO₂) generated from animal intestinal fermentation and livestock environment were also summarized. It is hard to conclude an accurate detection of greenhouse gases in animal husbandry, because the concentrations of greenhouse gases in animal husbandry changes all the time (diurnal and seasonal) and are related to other factors including sampling points. No international common testing method and measurement standard are concluded till now, therefore, the research of greenhouse gases detection method and standard in animal husbandry should be carried out as soon as possible. The detection methods of particulate matters (PM) in livestock farms were reviewed from three aspects: physical, chemical and biological characteristics. PM contains complex components in livestock farms, therefore, it is highly needed to improve PM detection technology. Besides, the component analysis and sensory analysis of odorous substances in livestock farms were overviewed. The odor analysis of professional olfactory discernment personnel owns stronger subjectivity and costs higher than gas chromatography- mass spectrometry. While, using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry is unable to determine all gaseous organic compounds with one sample. Combining gas chromatography and dynamic olfactometer can be more efficient for comprehensive analysis of odor samples. In this article, detection methods and techniques of air pollutants in animal husbandry were comprehensively reviewed to provide a reference for the development of air pollutants detection technologies in livestock and poultry breeding in China.