Study on the Nutritional-ecologic Environment of Fe,Cu,Mn,Zn and Se in Yili Summer Pasture of Xinjiang (Ⅰ)

This experiment objective was to study the Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Se five kinds of trace element contents, distribution characteristics and mutual relations in the soil-grass-water (stream) in Yili pastoral area of Xinjiang, to evaluate the trace elements nutritional-ecologic environment of Yili summer pasture in Xinjiang.At the altitudinal belt of 1400 to 2999 m of the summer pasture of the Karajon grassland (South slope) and Tangbula grassland (North slope) of Yili, Xinjiang, the samples of soil (n=75), herbage (n=75), stream water (n=75) were collected according to the altitude, to determine their contents of Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn and Se for evaluating the nutritional-ecologic environment of trace elements of Yili summer pasture.The results showed that the contents of Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn in the soil of summer pasture on average were 15 418.4, 32.6, 474.5 and 115.8 mg/kg, respectively;And 446.0, 7.8, 85.7 and 41.9 mg/kg, respectively in forage;The correlation (R²) of the contents of Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn between soil and forage were 0.43, 0.82, 0.47 and 0.72, respectively;The changes of Fe, Cu, Mn and Zn contents in the soil and forage were not significantly related with the altitude.There were no the 4 elements mentioned above in river streams, there was no Se in the soil and forage, and there was infinitesimal of Se in the river streams.It was concluded that in Yili summer pasture there were excessive Fe, suitable Zn and Mn, insufficient Cu, and more insufficient Se.     

山西芦芽山自然保护区斑翅山鹑的生态研究

2011-2013年3-9月,在山西芦芽山自然保护区对斑翅山鹁的繁殖习性进行了观察研究,结果表明：本区斑翅山鹑为留鸟,在海拔1 400-1 480 m的低山丘陵灌草带种群数量居多,在海拔1 600-1700 m的低山疏林灌丛带较少,海拔1 700 m以上的地区没有该鸟活动。繁殖前3月的种群平均密度为0.15只/hm^2,繁殖后的9月种群平均密度为0.25只/hm^2。3月末至6月进入繁殖期,年繁殖1次,1雄1雌制;雌雄共同营巢,营巢期6-7 d;窝卵数13-15枚,雌鸡孵卵,孵化期23-24 d,孵化率93.8%,成活率88.6%,繁殖力6.5只;雏在巢时间5-7 h,雏鸟早成性,雌雄鸡共同完成巢外育雏。近年来,斑翅山鹑的种群数量呈下降趋势,应加强保护。     

The Use of a GUS Transformant of Trichoderma Harzianum, Strain T3a, to Study Metabolic Activity in the Spermosphere and Rhizosphere Related to Biocontrol of Pythium Damping-off And Root Rot

The activity of Trichoderma harzianum in the spermosphere and rhizosphere of different plant species was studied by use of a beta-glucuronidase (GUS) transformant (strain T3a). Hereby, direct observation of micro-habitats supporting metabolic activity of T. harzianum is reported. Germination of conidia and mycelial growth were not supported by exudates from healthy roots of various ages. Instead, growth and activity of T. harzianum depended on access to dead organic substrates such as seed coats, decaying roots, and wounds, including those caused by infecting pathogens. A correlation between the GUS activity of T. harzianum and the biomass of Pythium ultimum in infected roots was established. On the basis of our observations, we suggest that the biocontrol ability of T. harzianum involves competition with the pathogen for substrates including the seed coat, and wounded or infected root tissue.     

桑枝粗细和空间位置对叶片微量元素分布的影响

为探明新生桑枝叶片中微量元素的分布格局,以雾化栽培的桑树实生苗为材料,研究叶片中铁、锰、铜、锌、硫、硼、钼和氯等8种微量元素分布对枝条粗细和空间位置的响应情况。结果表明,叶片中的铜、锌、锰和钼含量与空间位置无显著的相关性,而铁、硼和氯元素含量表现为下部叶大于上部叶,硫含量则表现为上部叶大于下部叶;桑枝的粗细不会对叶片中的铜、锌和铁含量造成显著的影响,但可以改变锰、硫、硼、钼和氯元素的含量,即粗枝上的叶片中的硫和钼含量较高,中等粗细枝条上叶片中的锰、硼和氯元素含量最高。微量元素的含量是桑叶多元化开发利用的品质基础,应进一步关注影响桑叶微量元素含量的内外驱动因子,如养分供应、生长阶段和桑树品种。     

贵州省鸟类新纪录——栗树鸭

2020年4月14日,在贵州省贵阳阿哈湖国家湿地公园保育区内(106°39′0.13″E,26°30′28.46″N,1107 m)开展鸟类监测,于浅水沼泽区拍摄到2只雁鸭类,经鉴定为栗树鸭(Dendrocygna javanica)。通过查阅相关文献,该种在贵州省的分布尚未记录过,属贵州省鸟类新纪录。本文对发现地概况、形态特征、生境特征和分布现状以及对该物种的保护进行了简要讨论。     

家鸭流感病毒的流行病学研究 Ⅱ.鸭源A型流感病毒对鹌鹑与鸡的致病性

利用６株鸭源Ａ型流感病毒（ＡＩＶ）的鸡胚传１代、２代或３代尿囊液,采用滴鼻－点眼、腹腔注射、静脉注射或肌注－腹注等途径,分别对鹌鹑、商品来航鸡、ＳＰＦ来航鸡进行人工感染。结果,鹌鹑５０％发病,无死亡;商品鸡１００％发病,死亡６２．５％;ＳＰＦ鸡１００％发病,死亡９２．４％。结果显示,腹腔注射和静脉注射最为有效,滴鼻、点眼的致病效果同样确实。本试验发现雄禽比雌禽易感,发病率高。试验表明,鸭源弱致病性流感病毒对其他禽类存在致病潜力,因而具有一定的流行病学意义及生态学意义。     

Placing the pieces: Reconstructing the original property mosaic in a warrant and patent watershed

Recent research shows that land use history is an important determinant of current ecosystem function. In the United States, characterization of land use change following European settlement requires reconstruction of the original property mosaic. However, this task is difficult in unsystematically surveyed areas east of the Appalachian Mountains. The Gwynns Falls watershed (Baltimore, MD) was originally surveyed in the 1600-1700s under a system of warrants and patents (commonly known as ‘metes and bounds’). A method for the reconstruction and mapping of warrant and patent properties is presented and used to map the original property mosaic in the Gwynns Falls watershed. Using the mapped mosaic, the persistence of properties and property lines in the current Gwynns Falls landscape is considered. The results of this research indicate that as in agricultural areas, the original property lines in the Gwynns Falls watershed are persistent. At the same time, the results suggest that the property mosaic in heavily urbanized/suburbanized areas is generally ‘reset.’ Further, trends in surveying technique, parcel size, and settlement patterns cause property line density and property shape complexity to increase in the less urbanized upper watershed. The persistence of original patterns may be damping expression of heterogeneity gradients in this urban landscape. This spatial pattern of complexity in the original mosaic is directly opposite of hypothesized patterns of landscape heterogeneity arising from urbanization. The technique reported here and the resulting observations are important for landscape pattern studies in areas settled under unsystematic survey systems, especially the heavily urbanized areas of the eastern United States. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

“绿量”在城市绿化中的应用研究

通过概述绿量概念的发展过程,介绍了绿量指标从二维平面到三维空间的进步,阐述了绿量概念和提出的意义,介绍了城市三维绿量的测算方法,指出了现在研究中存在的问题。希望通过对绿量概念的进一步阐述,将人们的思维引入到如何充分利用有限绿化空间、科学配置植物及对植物的生态效益进行量化的层面,进而营造较好的绿化模式,提高城市绿地的整体生态效益。