不同果园礼泉短富和丽嘎啦连续结果能力比较

在高纺锤形/M26（矮化园）、小冠疏层形/秦冠(乔化园)的果园,分别以礼泉短富、丽嘎啦为试材,探讨两品种在不同树形、砧木组合情况下的枝类组成、不同芽萌发成花比例、连续结果能力等。结果表明,礼泉短富比丽嘎啦有更高的营养短枝比,长枝比例低,同一品种矮化园较乔化园有更高的营养短枝比及较低果台副梢比;礼泉短富顶芽成花率小于丽嘎啦而侧芽成花率大于丽嘎啦;礼泉短富再成花率显著高于丽嘎啦而新生成花率低于丽嘎啦,果园对再成花率（β）与新生成花率(ψ)的影响不显著;矮化园相比乔化园显著提高萌发芽分化为花芽及隐芽的比例,使生理过程有利于优势芽萌发、成花;对于礼泉短富,矮化园显著提升其隐芽比例、成花率、萌发芽成花率、隐芽成花率及连续结果能力,丽嘎啦则只有隐芽及侧芽成花有所改善。研究表明,礼泉短富及丽嘎啦的成花效率在矮化园显著提高,尤其礼泉短富连续结果能力显著提高,同时应加强矮化礼泉短富侧芽及隐芽管理。连续结果能力可以作为苹果品种及树形评判的量化指标。     

壶瓶枣花芽分化与落性枝生长发育观察

以壶瓶枣(Ziziphus jujuba Mill.cv.Hupingzao)为试材,从枣股刚萌动起到落性枝停止生长止,观察了落性枝的分化、单花分化、花序分化的形态学特征,并分析了花芽分化与落性枝生长之间的关系。结果表明,落性枝雏形分化主要在发芽前完成,在芽体中可分化完成7～10个叶片,发芽后根据树体营养状况可继续分化。刚发芽后即开始花芽分化,单花分化需经过花原基、萼片、花瓣、雄蕊、雌蕊5个分化时期,需1周左右,花芽分化有其顺序性和不可逆性。花序分化先顶花再一级花、二级花顺序进行。花芽分化随着落性枝的生长进行,落性枝基部1～2节和顶部1～5节的花芽分化不完全,中部花多而质好,开花后落性枝生长停止,到最后一片叶展开后先端部分逐渐枯萎脱落。     

Comparison of 2 methods for inducing iPSC to differentiate into neural stem cells

AIM: To select an efficient way of promoting induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) to differentiate into neural stem cells (NSC) by comparing 2 methods. METHODS: The culture system in method A contained SB431542 (5 mmol/L) and drosomophorin (5 mmol/L) with 100% initial cell density, while that in method B contained SB431542 (5 mmol/L) and drosomophorin (1 mmol/L) with 30%~50% initial cell density. For comparison and identification of the 2 methods, the growth state was observed under microscope, and the expression of Pax6, nestin, Sox1 and Sox2 was quantitatively detected by real-time PCR and flow cytometry. The related protein expression and the ability of spontaneous differentiation were determined by immunofluorescence analysis. RESULTS: The cells derived from method A with 5 mmol/L of SB431542 and drosomophorin and 100% initial cell density achieved the higher expression of Pax6, nestin, Sox1 and Sox2. The growth state was better and the cells differentiated into neurons and astrocytes normally. CONCLUSION: The method A was superior to method B, and we recommend the method A with 5 mmol/L of SB431542 and drosomophorin and 100% initial cell density as the method for differentiating NSC.     

扁穗牛鞭草再生体系的建立

以‘雅安'扁穗牛鞭草(Hemarthria compressa)的幼茎和幼叶为外植体,通过胚性愈伤组织建立扁穗牛鞭草的高效再生体系。结果表明:幼叶比幼茎更适合建立再生体系,最佳诱导培养基为MS+2,4-D 1.0 mg·L~(-1),幼叶和幼茎的出愈率分别为100%和86.96%。最佳分化培养基和不定芽增殖培养基均是MS+6-BA 1.0 mg·L~(-1)+NAA 0.2 mg·L~(-1),愈伤分化率分别为100%和72.90%,再生苗增殖系数可达18.6。1/2 MS是最适宜的生根培养基,生根率达100%。     

烟草云85叶肉原生质体培养再生植株及影响因素的研究

以烟草云85无菌苗为材料，成功地将烟草叶肉原生质体培养出再生植株。并同时就烟草叶肉原生质体的酶解条件、基本培养基及培养基中的激素组成等因素对植株再生的影响进行了研究和探索。     

Differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells derived from human umbilical cord

AIM: To explore an ideal method to induce the differen-tiation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells(hUCMSCs) into neuron-like cells and to provide some evidence for the transplantation of hUCMSCs for spinal cord injury. METHODS: The hUCMSCs were isolated from human umbilical cord digested with collagenase Ⅱ. The hUCMSCs was verified by flow cytometry analysis. The passage 5 cells were randomly divided into 4 groups. The differentiation of hUCMSCs was induced by bFGF in group A, bFGF and BDNF in group B, or BHA, bFGF and BDNF in group C, while the cells in group D served as a control group cultured with DMEM-F12 and 10% FBS. Two weeks later, the expression of nestin, neurofilament protein H(NEFH) and glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP) was detected by real-time PCR and immunocytochemistry. The morphological changes of cells were observed under an atomic force microscope. RESULTS: Mesenchymal stem cells were isolated and cultured from human umbilical cord by enzyme digestion. hUCMSCs expressed CD29, CD44 and CD105, but no CD34, CD45 or HLA-DR. After cultured with inducing medium for 2 weeks, the cells were successfully induced into neuron-like cells. The appearance of the cells had great change. The induced hUCMSCs developed round cell bodies with multiple neurite-like extensions observed under an atomic force microscope. The result of real-time PCR showed that nestin was positive in A, B and C groups, and NEFH was positive in A and B groups, but GFAP was negative in 4 groups. The difference of nestin and NEFH expression among the induced groups was significant(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Mesenchymal stem cells were isolated and cultured from human umbilical cord by enzyme digestion in vitro, and all the hUCMACs presented stable biological properties. Moreover, hUCMSCs were induced to differentiate into neuron-like cells in vitro via bFGF combined with BDNF.     

胎猪胰腺干细胞体外诱导分化为胰岛素分泌细胞及其移植治疗裸鼠糖尿病的研究

缺乏供体细胞制约着胰岛替代疗法在Ⅰ型糖尿病治疗过程中的应用。本研究对实验室分离保存的胎猪胰腺干细胞(fetal porcine pancreatic stem cells,FPPSCs),体外诱导分化为胰岛素分泌细胞以及移植治疗裸鼠糖尿病的能力进行了深入研究,以探讨该细胞株作为异种供体细胞的潜力。研究结果表明,该细胞体外增殖活力旺盛,其形态及表面抗原表达特征与间充质干细胞极其相似,除表达胰腺干细胞相关标志外,FPPSCs还表达一些胚胎干细胞的相关标志。采用无血清诱导方案诱导2周后,FPPSCs形成DTZ染色阳性的胰岛样细胞团(islet-like cell cluster,ICC),该细胞团表达胰岛素、Glut-2等胰岛素分泌细胞功能相关的蛋白。RT-PCR结果显示,诱导后,胰腺干细胞相关标志表达减弱,而成熟胰岛素分泌细胞相关标志表达增强。葡萄糖刺激实验结果显示,诱导后,FPPSCs合成、分泌胰岛素和C-肽的能力显著增强(P<0.05)。将诱导2周后的细胞移植到糖尿病裸鼠腹腔内,可缓解其高血糖状况。结果提示,FPPSCs具有间充质干细胞的特性,体外能够诱导分化为胰岛素分泌细胞,并具有改善糖尿病裸鼠高血糖症状的...     

非洲菊花瓣的离体培养

试验以不同花色非洲菊的花瓣为材料 ,在添加不同浓度的 2 ,4-D和 6-BA的培养基上进行愈伤组织诱导和芽的分化。结果表明 :不同花色愈伤组织的诱导率存在差别 ;不同浓度的 2 ,4-D和BA对愈伤组织的诱导和分化的效果明显不同 ,2 ,4-D和BA浓度过高对诱导和分化均有抑制作用 ;诱导花瓣形成愈伤组织的最佳培养基为MS +2 ,4-D 2 .0mg/L +NAA 0 .2mg/L +BA0 .1mg/L ,花瓣不定芽分化的最佳培养基为MS +BA 8.0mg/L +NAA 0 .1mg/L。     

Comparison of Equine Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cell Behavior and Differentiation Potential Under the Influence of 3% and 21% Oxygen Tension

Equine multipotent mesenchymal stem cells can be isolated from different tissues and are capable of differentiating into various organ progenitor cells. Physiological oxygen conditions in diverse tissues in vivo are hypoxic, even when standard culture conditions are normoxic. Here, equine adipose tissue-derived stem cells were used to analyze their behavior and differentiation potential into the adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic lineage under 3% and 21% oxygen tension. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α is an indicator for hypoxic stress sensed by cells. Its expression was similar under both oxygen conditions, which could be a sign for low oxygen tension being sensed as normoxic by those stem cells. Furthermore, it was observed that hypoxia inhibits cell proliferation. Adipogenesis and chondrogenesis showed better results under 3% oxygen; for osteogenesis, an oxygen tension of 21% was more effective. This knowledge may help to improve conditions of stem cell differentiation and consequently their application in tissue engineering.     

基于土地利用分区的西部地区差别化土地政策研究——以青海省为例

介绍了土地差别化政策提出的背景,阐述了构建土地差别化政策体系的必要性和西部地区构建土地差别化政策的总体思路,提出土地利用分区是制订差别化土地政策的基础,并以青海省为例,提出了构建西部地区土地差别化政策体系的几点建议。