仰鼻猴属野外食性的季节性变化研究

对4种仰鼻猴的野外生境和食物的季节性变化进行研究,发现黑白仰鼻猴与金仰鼻猴和灰仰鼻猴在食性方面没有本质不同。疣猴亚科食叶灵长类有发酵小室的前胃,这决定了它们在觅食生态学方面基本相似,均采用一种富于弹性的觅食策略,而非专食性,这对该物种的保护非常有利。     

山西庞泉沟保护区三种鸮的繁殖生态特性研究

通过1991～1997年和2002～2004年两次在庞泉沟自然保护区选择林线河滩耕地居民区、阔叶林区、针阔混交林区、针叶林区和山地土壁石质悬崖峭壁5种类型栖息地,设置长400m,跨度100 m的固定样线,调查红角鸮、雕鸮和纵纹腹小鸮的迁徙特性、种群密度和繁殖特性,并采用剖捡标本和食丸的方法分析其食性,借以分析3种鸮对5种类型生境的利用特性和繁殖期繁殖生态学特性.结果表明：红角鸮迁徙的特点,北徒年均差异3～4 d,南迁年均差异2～5 d,居留期162～166 d,间隔期199～203 d,在本区的生态活动是相对稳定的.阔叶林生境是红角鸮的主要栖息环境.山地土壁、石质悬崖峭壁区是雕鸮的主要栖息环境.林线河滩耕地居民区是纵纹腹小鸮的主要栖息环境.通过其繁殖特性的分析,表明3种鸮在繁殖巢穴选取、产卵、孵卵和育雏等方面存在较大差异.3种繁殖鸮的食性,以农田鼠类、昆虫和部分鸟类为食性,为森林益鸟,应该加以保护,但由于其生境利用较为特殊,种群数量偏低,其繁殖受到食物丰富度的影响.     

肉牛冬季舍饲日粮配方优化筛选试验

选择不同日粮类型肉牛养殖户14户,参试生长母牛48头,参照肉牛营养需要和饲养标准,设计不同饲粮组合类型及日粮配方.随机分为5个试验组和1个对照组,试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组按规范化全株玉米青贮十氨化麦草等多元化日粮进行科学饲养,Ⅳ组、Ⅴ组和Ⅵ组(对照)按传统的"有啥喂啥"方法饲喂,同期进行饲养试验研究.结果表明,试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组和Ⅲ组平均头日增重效果均比Ⅳ组、Ⅴ组和Ⅵ组(对照)有明显提高(P＜0.05,P≤0.01),显示了肉牛标准化科学饲养的优势效益.试验Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组饲粮组成类型及日粮配方为较理想的肉牛繁殖母牛日粮优化配方.     

The influence of forest cover on mule deer habitat selection, diet, and nutrition during winter in a deep-snow ecosystem

Recent research in western North America suggests that open forage areas are a greater limiting factor to mule deer abundance than closed conifer forests. However, much of this work was conducted in ecosystems prone to fire and low snow depths compared to the limits of mule deer range such as the Columbia Mountains, British Columbia, where snow is deep and fires are rare. We used snow track surveys as a measure of habitat use and fecal nitrogen as an index of dietary quality to compare the relative value to mule deer of open deciduous canopies to closed coniferous canopies in a wet ecosystem with deep snow and few fires. Deciduous canopies contain higher levels of understory forage compared to dense coniferous canopies, which are better at intercepting snow. We also evaluated food habits across landscapes with contrasting forest canopies. Results corroborated previous work in that foraging areas such as deciduous stands were strongly selected by deer, despite deeper snow relative to closed coniferous stands. Deer consumed fewer understory shrubs in coniferous-dominated stands, suggesting lower nutritional intake in these stands. Finally, deer appeared to derive a nutritional benefit in landscapes that had a higher proportion of open deciduous canopies, as indexed by fecal nitrogen. However, not all open canopy stands were of equal value to deer – deciduous-dominated stands were selected, whereas clearcuts were avoided. Similarly, not all closed coniferous stands were equally selected: cedar–hemlock stands were avoided whereas Douglas-fir stands were selected and indeed contained the highest proportion of deer tracks. We suggest that winter foraging areas have been underrepresented in management policy in British Columbia, but that snow-interception cover provided by coniferous stands still plays a role in winter deer ecology in deep-snow ecosystems.     

渤海主要生物种间关系及食物网的研究↑（*）

根据１９９２年－１９９３年渤海增殖生态基础调查大面定点底拖网试捕的渔获物，对渤海２７种鱼类和１０种虾蟹类的３８０１个胃含物样品进行了分析，并与１０年前渤海鱼类的食性进行了比较。结果表明：蓝点马鲛、小黄鱼和白姑鱼等主要捕食鱼类胃含物中鱼的比例较１０年前明显增加，鱼类的食性类型无明显变化。渤海低级肉食性鱼类的营养级由１９８２－１９８３年的平均２．４上升为２．５，中、高级肉食性鱼类的营养级分别由原来的平均３．２和３．８降为２．８和３．３。渤海主要鱼类之间饵料重叠系数大于０．６的占１５％。鱼为渤海多数中、高级肉食性鱼类的主要摄食对象。     

全株玉米青贮饲养肉牛最佳日粮组合模式研究

对肉牛常用饲料进行营养价值评定,并选择36头6～24月龄西杂肉牛分4组分别采食不同组合日粮,试验期63～68 d.结果表明,不同饲料之间蛋白含量、有效降解率和有效能含量存在较大的差异.肉牛代谢体重干物质采食量与日粮粗蛋白含量之间存在极显著正相关关系,日增重随代谢体重采食量的增加呈直线增加,经济效益随肉牛日增重的增加而增加.以青贮 秸秆 0.5 kg肉牛浓缩料、青贮 秸秆 2 kg肉牛精料补充料、青贮 牧草 0.5 kg肉牛浓缩料、青贮 牧草 2 kg肉牛精料补充料日粮组合分别饲养西杂肉牛,日增重(ADG)分别为0.66 kg、0.90 kg、0.92 kg、1.08 kg;体况评分(BCS)分别增加0.33分、0.42分、0.56分、0.69分;日盈利分别为3.44元、4.22元、4.70元、4.41元.说明,以全株玉米青贮 优质牧草粗饲料组合饲养肉牛,再补饲含高蛋白和能促进肉牛生长及提高纤维饲料消化率的瘤胃微生物所必须矿物质的肉牛浓缩料或肉牛精料补充料,可使肉牛达到较好的增重,并获得较高的收益.     

甘南草原3种啮齿动物的食性及其营养生态位特征

研究啮齿动物的食性及其营养生态位特征不仅可以了解高寒草甸环境变化下物种的食性适应特征,还可探讨多种啮齿动物的种间关系。本研究采用粪便显微组织观察法,分析了甘南草原高原鼠兔（Ochotona curzoniae）、高原鼢鼠（Eospalax baileyi）和喜马拉雅旱獭（Marmota himalayana）3种啮齿动物的食性及营养生态位特征。结果发现：3种啮齿动物所采食的植物种类基本相同,但其比例各异;高原鼢鼠所采食的植物主要是珠芽蓼（Polygonum viviparum）和鹅绒委陵菜（Potentilla anserina）等杂类草,且对莎草科（Cyperaceae）植物的采食量显著高于其它两种动物,高原鼠兔主要采食禾本科（Poaceae）植物,喜马拉雅旱獭则主要采食禾本科和菊科（Asteraceae）植物;营养生态位宽度依次为喜马拉雅旱獭>高原鼢鼠>高原鼠兔,其中高原鼠兔与喜马拉雅旱獭的营养生态位重叠最大（0.52）。3种啮齿动物在食物上存在分化,营养生态位分离,是其共存的重要原因。     

影响鸡肉品质的饲料因素及日粮调控措施

本文分析了影响鸡肉品质风味的饲料因素,提出了在日粮中添加红枣富硒饲料、VE、益生菌、饲料添加剂等调控鸡肉品质风味的措施,以期为鸡养殖提供科学参考。